钛酸锂钾制备六钛酸钾片晶及过程控制

以K_2CO_3、Li_2CO_3和TiO_2为原料,加入KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成片状钛酸锂钾(K_(0.8)Li_(0.27)Ti_(1.73)O_4,KLTO),并以KLTO为前驱体通过过程控制(酸处理、热处理、二次煅烧)制备出六钛酸钾片晶(K_2Ti_6O_(13))。运用XRD和SEM研究了过程控制对K_2Ti_6O_(13)片晶生长的影响,并对其反应机理进行初步的探讨。结果表明:过程控制对K_2Ti_6O_(13)片晶的组成及形貌起到了关键性作用。先以2M HNO_3对KLTO处理2天,再以1.5M KOH为溶剂,150℃水热处理12h,最后在900℃条件下,二次煅烧3h即可制得各向异性好、分布均匀的K_2Ti_6O_(13)片晶。     

熔盐法可控合成球形CeO_2的研究

以NaCl-KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法制备了球形CeO_2纳米粉。在实验过程中,通过改变NaCl-KCl与Ce之间的比例、煅烧温度、煅烧时间等工艺参数,考察了熔盐法制备工艺参数对CeO_2粉末的形貌、颗粒尺寸和分散性的影响,以此实现了球形CeO_2的可控合成。通过SEM,XRD和激光粒度分析仪等测试方法对其颗粒形貌、分散性、物相、粒径等性能进行了表征。结果表明:通过控制制备条件,可以获得分散性良好、结晶完整的不同粒径的球形CeO_2纳米粉。当NaCl-KCl与Ce比为3∶1,煅烧温度为800℃,保温2 h时,获得的CeO_2纳米粉粒径约为85 nm。     

一步固相法合成四钛酸钾片晶的研究

采用一步固相法制得四钛酸钾片晶(K_2Ti_4O_9,KTO)。通过加镁诱导以及熔盐量的调控促使KTO朝二维方向生长,实现对片晶形貌的控制。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、热重分析仪(TG-DSC)以及粒度仪研究了诱导剂和KCl的量对KTO晶相结构、形貌演变和粒径大小的影响,并对其反应机理进行了初步的探讨。结果表明:熔盐量会对产物的组成产生影响,当原料中加入质量分数50%的KCl后,产物组成为KTO;随着诱导剂镁源的加入,KTO的形貌由一维生长的晶须向二维方向的片晶转变,当Mg(OH)_2的添加量为4. 3 wt%,此时形貌为片状、分布均匀的KTO即可生成,粒径范围1-10μm,D_(50)为2. 7μm。     

锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米管的离子液体辅助水热合成及紫外光催化活性

在离子液体[Bmim]OH辅助的水热条件下合成了结晶度较好的偏钛酸纳米管,经470℃煅烧2 h,可转变为锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管.对产物的物相、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征.结果表明,锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管的比表面积约为355 m2/g,主孔径约为25 nm.锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管和偏钛酸纳米管均呈现出明显的紫外光催化降解对氯苯酚的活性,锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管的降解效率约为44%(1 h).离子液体的加入不仅可扩大水热合成的温度范围,且有助于提高偏钛酸纳米管的结晶度.     

YVO_4:Sm~(3+)红色发光材料的熔盐法合成与光谱性能

采用熔盐法合成了YVO_4∶Sm~(3+)红色发光材料. 用X射线粉末衍射对其结构进行表征, 证实样品为具有锆石结构的YVO_4相;测定了样品的激发与发射光谱;分析了不同的掺杂浓度和烧结温度对样品发光强度的影响. 研究结果表明, 采用熔盐法合成的样品均可以产生Sm~(3+)的特征发射, 但是与其它方法相比, 熔盐法合成样品位于647 nm处Sm~(3+)的 ~4G_(5/2)-~6H_(9/2)发射明显得到加强, 从而使得样品发出明亮的红光, 而不是其它合成方法获得的橙色光. 当掺杂浓度为1%(摩尔分数)且在500 ℃下烧结5 h后, 熔盐法得到的YVO_4∶Sm_(3+)荧光粉的发光强度最大.     

BaxWO4-Sr(0.985-x)MoO4:0.01Sm3+红色荧光粉的熔盐法合成及性能研究

采用熔盐法合成了红色荧光材料BaxWO4-Sr(0.985-x)MoO4:0.01Sm3+,为用于白光发光二极管(WLEDs),考察了其的发光性能。通过X射线粉末衍射、光致发光和扫描电镜等技术对粉体进行测试,研究Ba2+与Sr2+的不同比例和不同的烧结温度对该粉体的相结构、发光性能和微观形貌的影响。结果表明,当x=0.7时,即Ba2+与Sr2+的比例为7∶2.85时,在900℃下煅烧4 h合成的荧光粉为四方纯相结构,有优良的发光性能和微观形貌。在波长404 nm的光激发下,荧光粉的发射光谱呈3峰发射,分别位于565、602和648 nm附近,适合于用作被近紫外光激发的LED的红色荧光材料。     

YVO4∶Sm3+红色发光材料的熔盐法合成与光谱性能

采用熔盐法合成了YVO4∶Sm3+红色发光材料. 用X射线粉末衍射对其结构进行表征, 证实样品为具有锆石结构的YVO4相; 测定了样品的激发与发射光谱; 分析了不同的掺杂浓度和烧结温度对样品发光强度的影响. 研究结果表明, 采用熔盐法合成的样品均可以产生Sm3+的特征发射, 但是与其它方法相比, 熔盐法合成样品位于647 nm处Sm3+的4G5/2-6H9/2发射明显得到加强, 从而使得样品发出明亮的红光, 而不是其它合成方法获得的橙色光. 当掺杂浓度为1%(摩尔分数)且在500 ℃下烧结5 h后, 熔盐法得到的YVO4∶Sm3+荧光粉的发光强度最大.     

制备方法对LaFeO3纳米粉体的影响

分别采用熔盐法和溶液燃烧法合成了钙钛矿型LaFeO3纳米粉体,系统研究了两种制备方法对粉体相结构、形貌的影响,用XRD、SEM和TG/DSC对纳米粉体进行了表征.结果表明:熔盐体系、煅烧温度、燃料类型和燃料/氧化剂的摩尔比对合成LaFeO3有重要的影响.450-750℃的熔盐NaNO2体系及650-800℃的熔盐NaN...     

熔盐法制备SrTiO3片状晶的研究

采用熔盐法(MSS)合成了片状SrTiO₃晶体,主要由两个步骤来完成,首先在助熔剂KCl中合成片状前驱体Sr₃Ti₂O₇,然后再通过SrTiO₃生长基元在第一步获得的片状晶体Sr₃Ti₂O₇上进行生长制备出片状SrTiO₃.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)分析产物的显微结构,表明熔盐法制备的SrTiO₃具有纯度高、明显的片状结构等特点,在1200℃下保温4 h,产物的衍射指标与钛酸锶的标准图谱基本上完全一致.1200℃下保温2 h获得的片状钛酸锶晶粒尺寸基本上符合要求(长10～15 μm),而时间延长后,在1200℃下保温4 h获得的钛酸锶晶粒尺寸达到40 μm以上.常规固相合成SrTiO₃具有球状显微结构.     

稻壳基高纯度NaP1沸石的制备及其庚烷异构性能评价

以稻壳为硅源采用煅烧-水热法合成NaP1沸石,考察了不同硅铝比(n_(SiO_2)/n_(Al_2O_3))、水钠比(n_(H_2O)/n_(Na_2O))、晶化温度、晶化时间对沸石结晶度的影响,并以其为载体制备x%Ni/NaP1(x%为Ni与NaP1的质量比)型烷烃异构催化剂。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜-X射线能谱、N_2气吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、NH_3程序升温脱附、差热分析表征手段对合成材料的晶体结构、微观形貌和金属分散性等进行分析,研究了金属镍掺杂对NaP1酸性和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明以稻壳为硅源制备的NaP1沸石的最佳合成条件为水钠比为35、硅铝比为10、晶化温度为95℃、晶化时间为12 h,此时NaP1晶体的结晶度为99.38%。在以正庚烷异构反应为探针的实验中,4%Ni/NaP1的催化性能最佳,在还原温度400℃、还原时间4 h、重时空速3.52 h~(-1)、反应温度为320℃的条件下,收率最大为46.41%,对正庚烷转化率和选择性分别为65.49%和70.86%。     

负载碳酸钾煤焦-CO2催化气化反应特性的原位研究

以碳酸钾为催化剂,通过高温热台原位研究气化阶段神府/遵义煤焦与催化剂的交互作用,采用热重分析仪,考察气化温度(750~950℃)、催化剂负载量(钾离子负载量2.2%、4.4%、6.6%(质量分数))对煤焦气化反应性的影响。结果表明,K₂CO₃有利于促进神府/遵义煤热解过程孔隙结构的发展。气化温度低于碳酸钾熔点时,大部分煤焦颗粒与CO₂的反应以颗粒收缩形式进行,当气化温度高于碳酸钾熔点时,对于神府煤焦,随着碳骨架快速消耗,在反应后期可观察到明显的熔融态钾催化剂扩散现象;而对于遵义煤焦,其碳骨架稳定消耗缓慢,大部分熔融态钾催化剂存在于煤焦表面。神府/遵义煤焦气化反应活性随碳酸钾负载量的增加而提高。钾催化剂对神府煤焦的催化作用随气化温度的升高先增强后减弱,转折温度点接近碳酸钾熔点,原因为熔融态钾催化剂流动性好,造成部分孔隙结构堵塞,导致钾催化剂催化作用减弱。     

柴油机尾气碳黑氧化催化剂钛酸钾的制备与表征

以TiO₂和K₂CO₃为原料,采用固相法合成K/Ti比不同的钛酸钾催化剂。利用XRD和SEM对催化剂结构进行表征,并通过程序升温反应（TPR）对催化剂活性进行评估。结果表明,K₂Ti₂O₅在850℃达到较好的结晶度,分别以CH₃COOK、KNO₃及K₂CO₃作为K前驱体时,制备出的K₂Ti₂O₅结晶程度基本一致;K/Ti比较高的K₂Ti₂O₅可明显降低碳黑颗粒氧化温度,最低起燃温度为280℃,且K₂Ti₂O₅比担载贵金属Pt催化剂的碳黑氧化催化活性更高。     

Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin by carbon quantum dots modified K2Ti6O13 nanotubes: Effect of light wavelength

Novel carbon quantum dots modified potassium titanate nanotubes (CQDs/K₂Ti₆O₁₃) composite was synthesized and exhibited high photocatalytic activity for degradation of amoxicillin under UV and visible lights with nine wavelengths. Better amoxicillin removal was achieved at lower wavelength irradiation due to its higher photo energy.     

锂盐及制备工艺对固态电解质Li7La3Zr2O12成相的影响研究

石榴石型Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂(LLZO)离子导电性高,在全固态锂离子电池中具有潜在的应用价值。但目前报道的LLZO制备工艺烧结温度范围宽,稳定性差,不利于宏量制备。本文以烧结产物物相结构和结晶度为考察指标,系统研究了锂源及用量、烧结温度、烧结时间等因素对LLZO成相的影响。结果表明,当以分解温度较低的锂盐(LiNO₃)为原料时,在800℃下得到四方相LLZO,900℃时呈立方相LLZO;当以分解温度较高的锂盐(Li₂CO₃)为原料时,900℃才能形成四方相LLZO。烧结时间的延长和温度升高均会导致锂的挥发损失,影响LLZO物相的形成。通过增加锂盐用量、改变烧结前驱体聚集特性与烧结时间可抑制锂的挥发。当以过量10%的Li₂CO₃为原料时,900℃烧结6h可稳定的得到立方相LLZO。该研究较为系统地分析了制备工艺对LLZO成相的影响,可为LLZO宏量稳定制备提供借鉴。     

Thermal solid–solid interactions and physicochemical properties of NiO/Fe2O3 system doped with K2O

The effects of calcination temperature and doping with K₂O on solid–solid interactions and physicochemical properties of NiO/Fe₂O₃ system were investigated using TG, DTA and XRD techniques. The amounts of potassium, expressed as mol% K₂O were 0.62, 1.23, 2.44 and 4.26. The pure and variously doped mixed solids were thermally treated at 300, 500, 750, 900 and 1000 °C. The catalytic activity was determined for each solid in H₂O₂ decomposition reaction at 30–50 °C. The results obtained showed that the doping process much affected the degree of crystallinity of both NiO and Fe₂O₃ phases detected for all solids calcined at 300 and 500 °C. Fe₂O₃ interacted readily with NiO at temperature starting from 700 °C producing crystalline NiFe₂O₄ phase. The degree of reaction propagation increased with increasing calcination temperature. The completion of this reaction required a prolonged heating at temperature >900 °C. K₂O-doping stimulates the ferrite formation to an extent proportional to its amount added. The stimulation effect of potassium was evidenced by following up the change in the peak height of certain diffraction lines characteristic NiO, Fe₂O₃, NiFe₂O₄ phases located at “d” spacing 2.08, 2.69 and 2.95 Å, respectively. The change of peak height of the diffraction lines at 2.95 Å as a function of firing temperature of pure and doped mixed solids enabled the calculation of the activation energy (ΔE) of the ferrite formation. The computed ΔE values were 120, 80, 49, 36 and 25 kJ mol⁻¹ for pure and variously doped solids, respectively. The decrease in ΔE value of NiFe₂O₄ formation as a function of dopant added was not only attributed to an effective increase in the mobility of reacting cations but also to the formation of potassium ferrite. The calcination temperature and doping with K₂O much affected the catalytic activity of the system under investigation.     

Mn离子掺杂对K2MnxAl12-xO19-δ催化剂结构及其甲烷燃烧性能的影响

采用反相微乳液-金属醇盐水解法制备了K作为镜面阳离子,锰离子作为活性组分的一系列六铝酸盐催化剂K₂Mn_xAl_12-xO_19-δ(x=0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0) 。通过X射线衍射、差热 热重和程序升温还原等实验技术及甲烷燃烧,对催化剂的结构和性质进行了考察。主要考察了不同Mn离子的掺杂量对催化剂结构及对甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响。结果表明,K作为镜面阳离子,不但可以形成完整的六铝酸盐,而且所制备的催化剂具有较高的催化活性。不同的Mn离子掺杂对于催化剂的特性有较大的影响。当Mn的掺杂量在六铝酸盐K₂Mn_xAl_12-xO_19-δ结构式中为x=1时,制备的催化剂K₂MnAl₁₁O_19-δ具有较高的催化活性,起燃温度Tl0%为458℃,至676℃甲烷完全转化,Mn掺杂量增多导致晶体结构中出现钙钛矿杂质。     

Excess capacity on compound phases of Li2FeTiO4 composite cathode materials synthesized by hydrothermal reaction using optional titanium sources to boost battery performance

Li₂FeTiO₄ composites have been produced using commercial LiAC, FeCl₂ and different titanium sources by hydrothermal synthesis (HS) at 175 ℃ and subsequent annealing at 700 ℃. Impure phase TiO₂, Fe₂O₃ and FeTiO₄ were detected out among the Li₂FeTiO₄ composites with different titanium sources. Micron and nano-sized particles of Li₂FeTiO₄ were prepared from various titanium raw materials, with nano-sized particles predominating when titanium raw materials were layered hydrogen titanate nanowire (H₂Ti₃O₇NW, HTO-NW) and titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO₂NB). The Li₂FeTiO₄ composites synthesized by HTO-NW shows a primary particle size of 50-200 nm of high crystallinity staggered with undissolved nanowire with a diameter size of about 100 nm. The samples using one-dimensional nanometer titanium oxide (TiO₂ NB) as the raw material can get a super high initial discharge capacity of 367.8 mAh/g at the rate of C/10 and excellent cycling stability. The selection of raw materials and adopting multi-phase modification can be considered as an effective strategy to improve the electro-chemical properties of Li₂FeTiO₄ composite cathode materials for the lithium secondary battery.     

类水滑石Ti/Li/Al-LDHs的制备及其CO_2吸附性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列新型的类水滑石Ti/Li/Al-LDHs材料,通过原子吸收光谱(AAS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对其进行了表征,研究了不同金属元素比例和焙烧温度对该Ti/Li/Al-LDHs材料的结构、形貌及其CO_2吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当Ti/Li/Al比为1∶3∶4时,水滑石Ti/Li/AlLDHs的结晶度最好,形貌最规整,而Ti/Li/Al比为1∶3∶2、300℃下焙烧后得到的Ti_1Li_3Al_2-LDHs_(300)的CO_2吸附性能最好。Ti_1Li_3Al_2-LDHs_(300)上CO_2吸附量可达53.5 mg/g,10次循环吸附后,CO_2吸附量仅下降了2.4%。     

离子热处理合成氮缺陷石墨相氮化碳及其光解水制氢性能

以尿素和二氰二胺为原料热聚合得到石墨相氮化碳,分别采用直接二次煅烧和熔盐离子热后热处理在不同温度下对产物进行后热处理,得到氮缺陷氮化碳CN和CNS。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对所制备样品进行表征和分析,探讨了不同热处理温度和加热方法对催化剂微观聚合结构的影响;同时以光解水制氢为测试方法,考察了催化剂的可见光催化性能。结果表明,熔盐离子热更有利于氮化碳的层间聚合,得到高结晶度材料;在面内七嗪聚合单元中引入氮缺陷,产生末端氰基,优化电荷密度分布,增强电荷流动性;克服粒子尺寸效应,扩展催化剂的光吸收范围;当后热处理温度为500℃时,制备的CNS-500表现出优异的光解水制氢活性,是同温度下直接热处理得到的催化剂的3.84倍。     

Study on K+/H+ Exchange for K2O·4TiO2

Potassium tetratitanate (K₂O·4TiO₂) is an artificial mineral whisker with the diameter of 0.5-1 μm and the length 5-20 μm. The interlayered potassium ion exchange reaction for the K₂O·4TiO₂ whisker results in the appearance of many new nonstoichiometric metal titanate whiskers M₂O·nTiO₂ (M are K, H, Na, Cs, Ba, Ru, Co or Pb, etc.). Through the K⁺-H₃O⁺ exchange in solutions,TiO₂ and K₂O·6TiO₂ whiskers were synthesized. Generally, the target product quality and yield are greatly affected by the ion exchange conditions. The optimal synthetic conditions are difficult to obtain. In this paper, a new method was proposed to control the ion-exchange process by applying the ion-exchange reaction thermodynamics and combining with monitoring the multi-ions concentrations with ISE. Ion-exchange thermodynamic model for potassium tetratitanate whisker (K₂O·4TiO₂) was established, and model parameters were calculated through the existent experimental equilibrium data. Ion selective electrode achieved the on-line monitor for K⁺/H⁺ exchange and the equilibrium point was judged. The calculation for the accurate ion concentration was done through the Pitzer equation. Based on the proposed method, the ion-exchange process was controlled and the optimal synthesis conditions could be obtained.