CoH生成热力学函数的量子力学计算

用B3LYP/SDD密度泛函方法计算了CoH的微观性质、CoH(g)、CoD(g)和CoT(g)的能量(E)和熵(S),进而计算Co与H2、D2、T2反应的△H(-)、△G(-)、△S(-).CoH分子的基电子状态为三重态,Re、D(-)0、ωe分别为1.52nm、277.84 kJ/mol和1321 cm-1,与实验值基本一致.在固态分子的E和S的计算中,以气态分子计算得到的总能量中的振动能Ev代替固态能量,以总熵中的电子振动熵SEv代替固态熵.导出了Co与氢同位素气体反应的△H(-)、△G(-)、△S(-)及平衡氢压力与温度的关系.CoH的室温下平衡离解压力很低,表明CoH是一种稳定的氢化物,这与CoH分子的D(-)0很大的实验事实一致.     

MTl(M=Cu,Au,Ag)分子的势能函数与稳定性的密度泛函研究

根据原子分子反应静力学原理导出了MTl (M＝Cu, Ag, Au)分子基态电子状态及其离解极限, 并在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上计算了平衡几何、振动频率和解离能. 利用Murrell-Sorbie 函数拟合出了解析势能函数, 并计算出光谱参数和力常数. 计算结果表明该分子体系是稳定存在的, 其中AuTl分子具有强较稳定性.     

LaH分子结构和基态势能曲线的量子化学计算

用常规的单参考态HF、B3LYP、MPn、QCISD(T)方法在能量一致相对论有效势近似下计算了LaH分子平衡结构和基态势能曲线,考察了这些方法在计算远离平衡的金属氢合键体系势能时存在的不趋于离解极限的缺陷,提出了从B3LYP的平衡位置附近势能曲线拟合得到适用于整个空间范围的Murrell-Sorbie解析势能函数的计算方法,由此计算的振转常数和已有的实验光谱数据完全吻合.     

PuN和PuN_2基态分子的结构与势能函数

用相对论有效原子实势和密度泛函理论方法对PuN和PuN_2分子的结构进行优化 ，得到了其平衡几何构型和谐振频率。采用最小二乘法拟合出PuN基态分子的 Murrell-Sorbie解析势能函数，在此基础上推导出光谱数据和力常数，并用多体展 式理论导出PuN_2基态分子的解析势能函数，正确地反映了其平衡构型特性。     

二氧化钚分子的多体展式势能函数

从导出基态PuO2分子的电子状态X5Σ g正确地判断其离解极限出发,采用MP2方法,应用相对论有效原子实模型(RECP)优化出PuO2(X5Σ g)分子稳定构型为线性OPuO(D∞h),其平衡核间距Re=0.18004nm.同时也计算出振动频率,并优化出存在亚稳态的Pu-O-O(C∞v)构型.使用多体项展式理论方法,导出了基态PuO2分子的分析势能函数.该势能表面准确地再现了O-Pu-O(D∞h)平衡结构和亚稳态的Pu-O-O(C∞v)构型.然后根据势能函数等值图讨论了O(3Pg) PuO反应的势能面静态特征.     

金属钇表面吸附氢同位素的量子力学计算

用量子力学B3P86方法,对H、D、T采用基函数6-311G^**,对Y采用SDD^**,计算了H2、D2、T2及其钇化合物YHn,YDn,YTn(n=1,2,3)的热力学性质,导出H与Y反应的△rHm^θ、△rSm^θ、△rGm^θ和平衡压力与温度的函数关系。文献值La-LaH2的氢化反应热为-209．296kJ／mol,本文计算值Y-YH2在298-700K间为-137．875到-155．477kJ／mol。LaH2．7的分解温度(平衡压力为0．1MPa时的平衡温度)文献值为1124℃,本文计算YH2的分解温度为782．9K。     

经验势能函数的改进

双原子分子的势能函数的研究在广泛地开展着。到目前为止,已提出了各种各样的经验势能函数的解析形式。目前评价一个势能函数优劣的主要标准是与Rydberg-Klein-Rees(RKR)光谱数据在化学键力的范围之内进行比较而决定的,这方面的工作已先后为Varshini,Steele和Levine等人进行过。Murrell和Sorbie在对小的多原子分子的势能表面寻求分析函数表示的过程中,重新评审了那些已发表过的双原子分子势能函数,详尽地研究了修改的Rydberg函数的性质,找出较好的一种形式,即Murrell-Sorbie函数。近年M.L.Sage提出一个新的模型势,     

锆氢化反应热力学函数的计算

用B3LYP/SDD密度泛函方法计算了ZrH的微观性质,气态ZrH(D,T)的能量(E),熵(S)以及 Zr与氢同位素气体反应的热力学函数.在ZrH(s)、ZrD(s)和ZrT(s)的E和S的计算中,近似以分 子总能量中的振动能Ev代替固态能量,以电子和振动熵SEv代替固态熵.在这种近似下,计算了 不同温度下Zr与H2、D2、T2反应的ΔH、ΔG、ΔS及氢化反应平衡压力,导出了与温度 的依赖关系.计算结果表明,ZrH(s)的生成热为161.34 kJ穖ol-1,与实验值(173.5 kJ穖ol -1)接近,表明这种近似处理方法是合理的,可以用于研究贮氢材料氢化反应的热力学.     

LaH分子的X1∑+态的势能函数

应用原子分子反应静力学原理导出LaH分子的电子状态和可能的离解极限,考虑相对论紧致有效势RCEP(RelativisticCompactEffectivePotential)近似下,用QCISD方法计算了LaH分子基态X1∑+的平衡几何Re和离解能De为2.125A和2.623eV,并在计算出来的一系列单点势能基础上,用正规方程组拟合Murrell-Sorbie(M-S)势能函数,得到相应态的解析势能函数,由此计算对应的光谱参数,其Be、ae、ωe和ωexe的理论值,分别为:3.7333、0.0723、1461.73和21.383cm-1.     

OUH体系的结构和分析势能函数

采用密度泛涵B3LYP方法优化出了OUH分子的各种结构，确定了最稳定构型和离解能，以及它们的谐性力常数，并导出双原子分子UH,UO的Murrell-Sorbie势能函数及其光谱数据。采用多体项展式方法，导出OUH(X^4A')基态分子的分析势能函数，获得OUH(X^4A')体系的势能面，考察了这个势能函数的基本性质，正确地复现出OUH分子的平衡结构特征，结果表明：U+OH,O+UH,H+UO的反应均为无阈能的放热能反应。为进一步探讨OUH体系的反应动力学过程打下了基础。     

金属钯表面吸附氢同位素的量子力学计算

Based on atomic and molecular reaction statics and group theory, the density functional method (B3P86) with basis sets SDD** for Pd and 6-311G** for H(D and T) have been used, and the ground states of H2(D2,T2) and PdH(PdD,PdT) are derived to be 1Σ+g(D∞v) and 2Σ+(C∞v), respectively, the dissociation energy of H2(D2,T2) and PdH(PdD,PdT) are 4.5918 and 2.6268 eV, respectively. The △Hf°,△Sf°and △Gf° from those reactions and the relationship of the equilibrium pressure with the temperature are obtained. It indicates that these results have good accordance with experimental data.     

气液色谱法研究Ni[(C8H17)O)2PS2]2与脂肪胺加合反应的热力学性质

The equilibium constants of acid-base interaction between Mi(Octyl_dtp)_2 and alkylamine were determined by GLC method at several temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters △H and △S were evaluted as follows:ethylamine: △H=-11.5kJ mol~(-1) △S=-22.7J K~(-1) mol~(-1)diethylamine: △H=-18.1kJ mol~(-1) △S=-42.1J K~(-1) mol~(-1)The variations of logK versus temperature fit following equations:ethylamine: lgK=-1.19+598.9/Tdiethylamine: lgK=-2.20+945.6/T     

KBPh4从水到直链一元醇中的标准迁移自由能

四苯硼钠（NaBPh4）与四苯硼钾（KBPh4）均属典型的大阴离子强电解质，并且具有相似的分子结构和相同的晶型［1］，但二者在溶液中的热力学行为却明显不同，为了系统和定量地研究二者在相同溶剂中热力学性质的差别，本文继前文［2］对KBPh4从水到7种直链一元醇中的标准迁移自由能进行研究．1实验部分1．1仪器与试剂UV－365型分光光度计（日本岛津制作所）；CS501型超级恒温槽（重庆实验设备厂）．NaBPh4和所用醇溶剂及提纯方法同前文［2］；KCl（S·P）；KBPh4是通过NaBPh4水溶液与过量5％的KCI水溶液反应而得，产物先经水洗涤…     

An inter-laboratory comparative study into sample preparation for both reproducible and repeatable forensic 2H isotope analysis of human hair by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Stable isotope analysis of organic materials for their hydrogen ((2)H), carbon ((13)C), nitrogen ((15)N) or oxygen ((18)O) isotopic composition using continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) is an increasingly used tool in forensic chemical analysis. (2)H isotopic analysis can present a huge challenge, especially when dealing with exhibits comprising exchangeable hydrogen such as human scalp hair. However, to yield forensic data that are fit for purpose, analysis of the (2)H isotopic composition of the same homogeneous human hair sample by any laboratory worldwide must yield the same isotopic composition within analytical uncertainty. This paper presents longitudinal (2)H isotope data for four human hair samples of different provenance, measured by three different laboratories whose sample preparation was based on a two-stage H exchange equilibration method. Although each laboratory employed varying means to comply with the generic features of the sample preparation protocol such as the (2)H isotopic composition of exchange waters or drying down of samples prior to analysis, within each laboratory the Principle of Identical Treatment (P.I.T.) was applied for each individual experiment. Despite the variation in materials and procedures employed by the three laboratories, repeatable and reproducible 'true' (2)H isotope values (δ(2)H(hair,true)) were determined by each laboratory for each of the four stock samples of human scalp hair. The between-laboratory differences for obtained δ(2)H(hair,true) values ranged from 0.1 to 2.5 ‰. With an overall 95% confidence interval of ±2.8 ‰, these differences were not significantly different, which suggests that the general method of two-stage exchange equilibration carried out at ambient temperature is suitable for accurately and reproducibly determining 'true' δ(2)H-values for hair and other proteins provided that certain key conditions are met.     

STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION OF PHENOL BY CHITOSAN FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The effects of pH, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption of phenol by chitosan were investigated in this paper. The isothermal data was applied to Langmuir linear and the Freundlich linear isotherm equation, and the thermodynamic parameters （AH, AG, AS） were calculated according to the values of binding Langmuir constant, KL. Results indicated that the adsorption between chitosan and phenol was significantly physical in nature, the negative ΔH constant at lower temperature confirmed that more phenol was adsorbed by chitosan at lower temperature. The kinetics of the sorption process of phenol on chitosan was investigated using the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetics, and results showed that the second order equation model provided the best correlation with the experimental results.     

硅沸石完美骨架上的吸附Ⅱ.乙胺、正戊烷、乙醇在 FAU型沸石上的吸附热

用测定吸附等温线法研究乙胺、正戊烷和乙醇在疏水高硅FAU沸石上的吸附热效应。根据Clapeyron-Clausius方程,处理吸附等温线,得到不同覆盖度C(C=被吸附分子数/晶胞)的等量吸附热Qst(C)(一定覆盖度C时由Clapeyron-Clausius方程计算的吸附热)及平均等量吸附热Qst^*(一定温度区间里等量吸附热Qst的平均值),以及Qst^*与沸点蒸发热△Hv的差值△H1(定义为相互作用强度△H1=Qst^*-△Hv)。所研究的三种有机分子的△H1的次序为△H1(乙胺)>△H1(正戊烷)>>△H1(乙醇)。这与AT值(定义为脱附温度Td与吸附质的沸点温度Tb的差值,无需单位)有正相关关系。由AT值观察到的高硅FAU沸石Si-O骨架与被吸附乙胺之间可能存在的强相互作用、为本研究测定的热力学定量数据△H1值所证明。     

比热和直流磁化率证明N+H…O-氢键的电子自旋翻转在D-和L-丙氨酸单晶中的不对称相变

为了解决D-和L-丙氨酸在约270K相变的分岐和机理,对其单晶、多晶粉末及原料利用微分扫描量热仪测定比热.用三线法以蓝宝石作校正,并与手册的D-和L-丙氨酸标准比热值比较.在单晶中,实验观察到吸热相变峰最高处时的温度及热焓为:D-丙氨酸,Tc=272.02K,△H=1.87J·mol-1;L-丙氨酸,Tc=271.85K,△H=1.46J·mol-1;热焓差为0.41J·mol-1.参比晶体D-缬氨酸,Tc=273.59K,△H=1.75J·mol-1;L-缬氨酸,Tc=273.76K,△H=1.57J·mol-1;热焓差为0.18J·mol-1.实验发现已测量过的单晶磨成多晶粉末后再测,相变峰消失.说明相变与晶格有关.变温中子衍射排除了D→L的构型相变,但发现N+H…O-氢键沿D-和L-丙氨酸单晶的c轴反向变化.变温偏振拉曼散射反映相变机制与N+H…O-中电子的轨道磁偶极矩相关,观察到偏振光的不对称散射.在外加磁场强度H为+1T和-1T下,变温测定D-和L-丙氨酸晶体的直流磁化率,证明在270K有电子自旋翻转的相变.电子自旋的向上或向下,取决于晶格中NH+3的扭曲振动及N+H…O-氢键沿晶体c轴的方向.由于自旋的定轴性,可以解释单晶和多晶粉末比热结果的分岐.     

甲醇-水二元混合物中Co(bpb)与叠氮离子反应的动力学研究

Co(bpb) [bpbH2 is N,N'-o-phenylenebis(pyridine-2-carboxamide), C18H12N4O2] complex has active axial sites like a porphyrin complex. We studied the coordination of azide ion (N-3) to Co(bpb) in binary methanol-water mixtures by spectrophotometric method at the temperature range of 283-303 K. From the temperature dependence of the rate constant, activation parameters (Ea, △H#, △S#, and △G#) were obtained. An isokinetic temperature at about 302 K was observed at which the formation rate of Co(bpb)-N-3 was more or less independent of the solvent composition. The resulting △H against T△S plot showed a good linear correlation, indicating the existence of enthalpy-entropy compensation in azide complexation process. Under optimum conditions and based on the absorbance of Co(bpb)-N-3 produced through complex formation, a spectrophotometric method for the determination of N-3 in solution was developed.Alinear relationship between the absorbance and N-3 concentration was obtained in the range of (0.85-5.00)×10-4 mol·L-1 (3.6-21.0 μg·mL-1). The detection limit was 2.5×10-5 mol·L-1 (1.0 μg·mL-1). The proposed method was applied to the determination of N-3 anion in real water samples.     

射流式单重态氧发生器研究

单重态氧O2(a1△g)是迄今唯一能用纯化学反应高效产生的具有长寿命的亚稳激发态分子.为了考察提出的用两个O2(1△)能量汇集反应生成氧第二单重激发态O2(b1∑+g)以实现近可见短波长化学激光方案的现实性,设计和实验了一个氯流量为3～10 mmol/s的射流式单重态氧发生器(JSOG).考察了三种具有不同孔径和孔数目的喷头、氯气流量和脱水冷阱温度等对JSOG出口的O2(1△)浓度、O2(1△)分压、氯利用率及水蒸气含量的影响.发现用聚氯乙烯管作冷阱时,最佳冷阱介质温度为-140～-150℃,对此提出了O2(1△)表面脱活与脱水互相竞争的解释.在最佳条件下,可将O2(1△)气中水分压降低至4 Pa,这一结果是首次报导.     

Mg2NiQ6(Q=H,D, T)体系的热力学氢同位素效应

为研究Mg2NiQ4(Q=H, D, T)体系的热力学氢同位素效应, 基于量子力学第一原理, 采用密度泛函与赝势平面波相结合的方法, 计算了Mg2NiQ6(Q=H, D, T)体系的声子色散谱, 利用声子色散谱得到了热力学函数. 利用文献报道的氢同位素气体分子的热力学数据, 采用热力学方法分析了Mg2Ni吸氢形成Mg2NiQ6的同位素效应. 研究结果表明, Mg2Ni吸氢的同位素效应主要是原子相对振动的频率不同导致的. CaF2结构的Mg2NiQ6的氢同位素效应随温度升高由负同位素效应转变为正同位素效应.