基于MAS问题编码的化学教师多重表征转换能力的调查研究——以“化学平衡”主题为例

利用由Yehudit J.Dori提出的多维分析系统(MAS),对有关化学平衡知识的化学问题进行编码,以纸笔测试与个别访谈相结合的方法调查在职教师的3种表征转换能力,并根据调查结果提出相应的建议,为教师三重表征教学策略的实施和“化学平衡”的教学提供有益的参考。     

基于SOLO理论的高中生化学多重表征转换能力的测查研究——以化学平衡主题为例

将化学平衡主题作为研究载体,利用SOLO分类评价理论对学生的思维转换过程进行多点赋分,以纸笔测试的方法,评价学生在多重表征之间转换的能力。并根据调查结果提出相应的建议,为教师化学平衡的教学和学生学科核心素养的提升提供参考。     

发挥核心概念“平衡常数”教学功能的化学平衡复习教学的研究

结合化学平衡复习课的教学现状,分析了化学平衡复习教学的定位和学生的已有认识,阐明了平衡常数是化学平衡复习教学中的核心概念,具有促进平衡知识结构化和解决分析平衡问题思路方法的功能。还进行了发挥核心概念"平衡常数"教学功能的化学平衡复习的教学设计和实践研究,取得了较好的教学效果,探讨了有效的教学策略。     

促进学生认识发展的化学平衡教学设计研究

基于认识方式有关理论及高中生化学平衡认识模型,分析高中生在化学平衡从必修到选修的认识发展情况,进行促进学生认识发展的教学设计,实施课堂教学,并对比传统以知识获得为主的课堂教学,通过学生实际认识测查数据说明促进学生认识发展型教学优于传统教学。建议教师充分挖掘化学平衡常数的认识功能与价值,围绕化学平衡常数开展课堂教学,建立和发展学生对化学平衡的认识。     

我国高中“化学平衡”主题教学研究现状——基于2005-2015年国内硕士学位论文的分析

“化学平衡”主题是高中化学教学的重点和难点。以2005-2015年国内39篇硕士学位论文为研究对象,梳理、统计、分析了我国高中“化学平衡”主题的教学研究现状。研究结果表明,主要包括4个方面：化学平衡相关的迷思概念,化学平衡主题学习困难的原因,教学策略和教学建议。研究方法和研究取向呈现多元化趋势。     

化学平衡的信息化教学工具研究——以合成氨为例

针对现行化学平衡教学中存在的突出问题，研发了一款以合成氨为例的化学平衡知识学习和习题验证的教学软件。该软件采用了可视化的技术，用柱状图、曲线、数据来展示反应达到平衡的动态变化过程，便于学生从反应平衡的图像和数据中获取信息并进行推理，从而认知化学平衡的原理。该软件不仅能用于化学平衡各概念的教学，也能为化学平衡习题课的讲解创设必要的教学情境。     

化学平衡态的存在性、唯一性与稳定性问题

化学平衡是物理化学课程的重要教学内容,本文对化学平衡态的存在性、唯一性与稳定性问题进行了系统与全面的讨论,以供同行在化学平衡教学中参考.     

化学学科核心素养导向下的“化学平衡”教学研究

为了克服现行教材编写的不足及现有教学研究的局限性,在“化学平衡”主题教学中设计和实施“素养为本”的有效课堂教学策略。引导学生从宏观上认识可逆反应及化学平衡状态,再从微观上对化学平衡进行解释。通过猜想、演算、验证、推广等探究活动认识化学平衡常数,从而实现化学平衡的定性分析到定量判断。通过“收集证据、提出假设、构建模型、模型预测和实验验证”等活动探究外界条件对化学平衡的影响,创新了“勒夏特列原理”的认识方式。整节教学中设计“以真实情境为载体,以具体问题为驱动,以实验事实为证据,以思维模型为导向”的基本教学程序,让学生在系列探究活动中逐步发展化学学科核心素养。     

化学平衡教学中以开放性促实效性研究报告

进行化学平衡研究采用开放性措施来促进课堂教学的实效性,根据对新旧教材的研读、比较,就化学平衡(新教材中又称化学反应限度)知识点及其相关内容的不同层次要求,系统、深入地研究开放性课堂的理论、实践、策略、评价等各方面教学问题,并为化学教师提供操作性较强的、涵盖各种课堂教学类型的化学平衡课堂教学案例。通过研究得出,在化学平衡内容的教学过程中,课堂针对有关概念理解与理论应用方面采用适当的开放方式及其讨论形式,在一定程度上能够提高课堂教学的实效性,又能培养学生科学素养、科学态度和科学探究能力。     

从科学概念本体和发展史视角对化学平衡相关问题的分析

中学化学教学中关于化学平衡的认识存在多种误区,本文先从科学概念本体的视角系统考察了化学平衡的相关概念,对各种认识误区进行了分析,明确了原有分析化学平衡问题的视角的缺陷;再从科学概念发展史的视角探讨了化学平衡问题的分析方法,确立了符合热力学基本规律的更科学、更实用的化学平衡问题的分析工具——平衡常数;最后明确了基于平衡常数的化学平衡的相关认识及其基于平衡常数的平衡观构建的重要价值,可促进教师更加科学地认识化学平衡问题,关注并在教学中落实化学平衡常数的教学价值,为中学化学中四大平衡的教学提供借鉴和参考。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.