非金属材料中VOC袋式法测定结果的影响因素

以玻璃钢制品和橡塑制品作为研究对象,分别考察了采样袋规格、充气量对袋式法挥发性有机化合物（VOC）测定结果的影响。结果表明,采样袋对VOC有一定吸附：样品一致且其它测试条件相同时,采样袋规格越大,其对VOC物质的吸附效应越大,从而导致样品VOC测定值越低;样品一致且其它测试条件相同时,充气量越大,采样袋对VOC物质的吸附效应越小,即增大充气量会减小采样袋对VOC物质的吸附。     

常见危险化学品危害防范及处理办法

对常见危险化学品的危害、防范措施及其处理办法进行分析、归纳与总结,提供了危险化学品危害防范及处理办法,以提高化学科研工作者及相关实验人员对化学品危害的防范意识,减少危害发生。     

水中挥发性有机物分析前处理技术研究进展

环境水体中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的种类繁多,含量在(ng/L～μg/L)范围内。本文总结了2003年以来测定水样中VOCs的8种前处理技术,包括顶空单液滴微萃取(HS-SDME)、中空纤维液相微萃取(HF-LPME)、分散液液微萃取(DLLME)、顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)、搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)、静态顶空(HS)、吹扫捕集法(P&T)和针式毛细管吸附阱(INCAT)的进展情况。比较了它们的优缺点,并展望了VOCs的分析方法。     

"纤维混纺比分析"实验废硫酸的回收处理与利用

本文将学生实验后留下的质量分数约为70％的废硫酸液回收,测定其基本性质后,进行处理,试验证明加水稀释是净化处理的最好方法。稀释后杂质发生絮凝,经沉降、过滤、浓缩,再用于同样的实验并进行对照,与新配的硫酸实验效果基本一致,可以重新利用。     

雾霾之PM2.5的来源、成分、形成及危害

介绍雾霾及PM2.5的基本知识,从化学角度讨论PM2.5的来源、成分、形成和危害;阐述发展PM2.5分析新方法对于掌握其危害,研究其生理影响和找到其源头的重要意义.清洁能源的高效利用,排放物的后处理以及“碳交易”等有希望成为解决雾霾及PM2.5问题的突破口.     

总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）的来源及其危害

TVOC是空气中三种有机污染物（多环芳烃、挥发性有机物和醛类化合物）中影响较为严重的一种。TVOC是指室温下饱和蒸气压超过133．32 Pa的有机物，其沸点微波50～250℃，在常温下可以蒸气的形式存在于空气中，它的毒性、刺激性、致癌性和特殊的气味性，会影响皮肤和黏膜，对人体产生急性损害。TVOC可有嗅味，有刺激性，而且有些化合物具有基因毒性。目前认为，TVOC能引起机体免疫水平失调，影响中枢神经系统功能，出现头晕、头痛、嗜睡、无力、胸闷等自觉症状；还可能影响消化系统，出现食欲不振、恶心等，严重时可损伤肝脏和造血系统，出现变态反应等。     

中国硫回收技术进展(英文)

综述了国内硫回收技术的现状,并对今后１０－１５年内硫回收技术的发展进行了展望。     

室内空气中挥发性有机化合物污染及检测方法

室内空气中挥发性有机污染物的释放严重影响了室内空气质量,本文较详细的叙述了这些有机污染物的来源、种类及处理方法等,并对空气中VOCs的采集和检测方法作以介绍,阐述了不同机制的热解吸仪与气相色谱联用时的优缺点及其应用．     

三聚氰胺及其相关物质的性质、危害与检测技术

三聚氰胺是一种用途广泛的化工原料,分子中含氮量达66.6%,一些不法企业将其添加到牛奶、奶制品、饲料中,造成粗蛋白质虚高的假相,不仅对奶制品、养殖业等产业产生不利影响,对人类健康也存在着严重威胁.我国2008年9月发生的"三鹿牌婴幼儿奶粉重大食品安全事故"和2007年在美国发生的"宠物粮"风波给中国企业和行业的形象造成了极为不利的影响,给受害家庭造成严重伤害.本文就三聚氰胺及其相关物质的性质、危害与检测技术作一简要介绍.     

废旧塑料回收再生利用技术的新进展

塑料制品在给人类生活带来便利的同时也带来了极大的负效应,其形成的“白色污染”,直接污染土壤及地下水。废旧塑料的回收再生利用已成为急待解决的问题,是全球环保界关注的焦点。本史扼要介绍了国内外废旧塑料回收再生技术的最新进展。     

Recycling of Primary Lithium Batteries Production Residues

Production waste of primary lithium batteries constitutes a considerable secondary lithium feedstock. Although the recycling of lithium batteries is a widely studied field of research, the metallic residues of non-rechargeable lithium battery production are disposed of as waste without further recycling. The risks of handling metallic Li on a large scale typically prevent the metal from being recycled. A way out of this situation is to handle Li in an aqueous solution, from where it can be isolated as Li₂CO₃. However, the challenge in hydrometallurgical treatment lies in the high energy release during dissolution and generation of H₂. To reduce these process-related risks, the Li sheet metal punching residues underwent oxidative thermal treatment from 300 to 400 °C prior to dissolution in water. Converting Li metal to Li₂O in this initial process step results in an energy release reduction of ∼70 %. The optimal oxidation conditions have been determined by experimental design varying three factors: temperature, Li metal sheet thickness, and residence time. With 96.9±2.6 % almost the entire Li amount is converted to Li₂O, after 2.5 h treatment at 400 °C for a Li sheet thickness of 1.99 mm. Final precipitation with CO₂ yields 85.5±3.0 % Li₂CO₃. Using pure Li sheets, the product Li₂CO₃ is obtained in battery-grade quality (>99.5 %). Non-precipitated Li is recirculated into the process on the stage of dissolving Li₂O, thus avoiding loss of material.     

海洋中的主要化学污染物及其危害

本文系统阐述了海洋中的主要污染物如重金属无机盐类、有机氯和有机磷类、石油烃类和放射性物质的来源与含量,介绍了这些化学污染物对海洋生态环境已造成和可能造成的危害,论述了由于海洋生态环境遭到破坏对人类的危害。     

废旧动力锂电池回收利用技术的进展

简要介绍了动力锂电池的分类和回收利用流程,综述了国内外动力锂电池的化学、物理和联合回收工艺发展的现状,通过对比了各种回收工艺的特点,指出联合回收工艺是将来发展方向。     

A Porous Polyaromatic Solid for Vapor Adsorption of Xylene with High Efficiency,Selectivity, and Reusability

Development of porous materials capable of capturing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene and its derivatives, with high efficiency, selectivity, and reusability is highly demanded. Here we report unusual vapor adsorption behavior toward VOCs by a new porous solid, composed of a polyaromatic capsule bearing a spherical nanocavity with subnano-sized windows. Without prior crystallization and high-temperature vacuum drying, the porous polyaromatic solid exhibits the following five features: vapor adsorption of benzene over cyclohexane with 90 % selectivity, high affinity toward o-xylene over benzene and toluene with >80 % selectivity, ortho-selective adsorption ability (>50 %) from mixed xylene isomers, tight VOCs storage even under high temperature and vacuum conditions, and at least 5 times reusability for xylene adsorption. The observed adsorption abilities are accomplished at ambient temperature and pressure within 1 h, which has not been demonstrated by organic/inorganic porous materials reported previously.     

废弃纸尿裤的处理和回收利用研究进展

随着生活水平提高和老龄化的加剧,一次性纸尿裤使用量大幅上升,目前已成为继厨房垃圾和塑料之外的第三大生活固体垃圾,因此,废弃纸尿裤的处理和回收是一个重要课题.虽然国外已有一些关于废弃纸尿裤的回收处理案例,但我国在废弃纸尿裤回收处理方面的研究报道不多.因此,本文在介绍了废弃纸尿裤处理的现状、纸尿裤的结构组成的基础上,综述了...     

Comparative Study of the Quantity of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water-Based Paint and Solvent-Based Applied Polyurethane

Summary: The concern about the environmental impacts generated in the production of goods and services has increased last decades. The industry has used paints and varnishes in the manufacturing process have been pressed to improve air pollution prevention. Thus, the present work aims to identify the quantitative differences of VOC's and analyze the effect of VOC's in the burning rate, in a solvent and water-based paint, applied in the manufacture of automotive steering wheels. The results has showed that the solvent-based paint contains nine times more VOC's in your formulation in relation to water-based paint, when compared liquid and volatile organic compounds present in the solvent-based paint increase the speed of combustion of the polyurethanes samples. These data indicate that a discussion on the subject must be initiated in order to reduce these emissions that can harm society.     

23种挥发性有机化合物在3种吸附剂上漏出容量的测定评价

采用吸附热解吸－气相色谱－质谱法对23种挥发性有机化合物Chromosorb 106、Tenax TA、Tenax TG等3种吸附剂上漏出容量进行了测定。根据实验结果确定了不同的化合物应选择不同的吸附剂及相应的采样体积。结果表明,Chromosorb 106可较好地吸附低沸点的挥发性有机化合物,Tenax TA、Tenax TG均可用于沸点较高的挥发笥有机化合物吸附,这对测定大气中的有机化合物含量采样有一定的参考价值。     

An attempt on the VOC oxidation using mechanically activated catalyst

A catalytic action of the mechanochemical products of copper hydroxocarbonate with calcium carbonate was investigated in n-butyl alcohol oxidation tests. The solid products of high-energy milling were identified using thermogravimetry supplemented by X-ray diffraction method. It was shown that the mechanical activation induces more effective tested catalyst because it promotes the alcohol conversion at lower temperatures than that unmilled one. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Treatment of SMC Composite Waste for Recycling as Reinforcing Fillers in Thermoplastics

Needs for recycling thermoset composite materials are considerably increasing. Unfortunately, such materials are particularly difficult to recycle due to their crosslinked nature. In this paper, we focus on the case of Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMC), which consist of an unsaturated polyester filled with glass fibres and calcium carbonate. We consider the possibilities of mechanical treatments allowing to obtain ground fractions that could be used as fillers for the reinforcement of thermoplastics. Two processes are described and compared with an existing industrial one. Finally, optimised fractions of SMC waste are introduced into polypropylene, leading to promising results in term of mechanical properties.     

Quantification of VOC emission rates from the biosphere

Determining which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are synthesized by plants and emitted into the atmosphere and at what rates is a critical component of our understanding of the Earth system, as is understanding how these emissions respond to environmental controls and how they may change in the future. Here, we review the methods used to sample biogenic VOC emissions, from the leaf scale to the regional scale, and focus on the challenges that this task presents.