对白磷燃烧实验的改进

由于白磷的燃点低,在自然条件下能够与氧气发生剧烈的氧化反应,使得通过白磷的燃烧来研究物质燃烧的条件操作困难,任何不慎操作都会使实验失败甚至威胁到实验人员的安全。因此设计了将白磷放置于可控制氧气流速的实验装置中,人工控制氧气的流速并能确定反应温度,较好地解决了上述操作难题,该方法直观、简便、危险性小,并能使学生容易推导出物质燃烧的条件。     

燃烧实验的改进

燃烧是可燃物踉空气中的氧气发生的一种发光放热的剧烈氧化反应。我们用水浴的方法做白磷自燃实验,省时间、效果好。一、改进装置如图所示二、实验步骤1．在250mL的烧杯中,注入约200mL的开水,同时投进一小块白磷;然后取2支试管分别放进少量的白磷和红磷后把试管分别放进烧杯中,并在盛白磷的试管口塞入带导管的单孔胶塞,在导管上再绑一个小气球作为尾气袋。2．请同学们注意观察现象,学生则会发现在试管中的白磷立即燃烧,而水中的白磷和另一支试管中的红磷则无变化。3．弓I导学生对以上3种现象进行分析。根据分析,应得出两个结论：…     

磷的一个综合实验

综合实验可以说明三个问题:1.使学生获得红磷转化成白磷的感性认识,2.白磷比红磷的着火点低,容易燃烧。3.五氧化二磷是一种酸性氧化物,是一种强干燥剂。     

白磷燃烧验证质量守恒定律

一、实验目的通过白磷燃烧前后质量的测定证明质量守恒定律。二、装置图（见图1）三、装置图的制做（见图2）在橡胶塞上打个孔插人铝条,铝条一端弯成小勺,另一端弯成螺旋状。四、操作步骤1．将绿豆粒大的白磷放人铝条的小勺中,带有铝条的胶塞塞紧锥形瓶。2．称量整个装置的质量。3．在铝条的螺旋处加热,直至白磷燃烧后熄灭酒精灯。4．冷却至室温,称量整个装置的质量。五、说明亚．选用铝条,原因在于铝条表面已被氧化,有一层氧化膜,加热情况下不会被破坏,且不会生成新的物质。不能用钢,因其加热生成氧化铜。2．铝条导热能力不强,…     

白磷和红磷着火点的比较

1.比较白磷和红磷着火点的高低 2.验证一般物质燃烧的必要条件 3.消除五氧化二磷对环境的污染 4.验证五氧化二磷与碱反应的性质     

组合氧化法测空气中的氧气含量

“空气中氧气体积含量的测定”是人教版初三《化学》上册和浙教版《科学》八年级下册的一个重要的定量实验,课本中的设计方案有明显缺陷,测定结果不够准确。用烧杯和水槽组装成水封,消除了反应容器内外气体交换的可能性;烧杯上的体积刻度可以直观地反映出反应前后的气体体积变化;活性铁粉缓慢氧化提供热量,使白磷达到着火点燃烧,用组合氧化(白磷燃烧+活性铁粉缓慢氧化)耗尽烧杯中的氧气,该设计方案更为周密、完善。测定过程中现象明显,结果更准确。     

探究可燃物燃烧条件的实验改进

阐述了验证白磷燃烧条件演示实验的改进方法,从实验的设计意图、实验装置的准备、实验的具体操作与实验现象、实验过程中应注意的事项等方面作了完整的介绍。     

“燃烧条件的实验”改进

阐述了教材中“燃烧条件的实验”存在的问题,说明了具体的改进方法和实验效果,解决了没有白磷的问题。改进后的实验现象明显,操作简单,安全环保,具有很好的借鉴作用。     

白磷水下燃烧演示实验的再研究

“白磷水下燃烧实验”由于其在教学中的重要性以及所涉及物质的剧毒性、易燃性使实验充满了危险。该实验一直是中学教师探讨的热点,虽然相关的实验改进方法很多,但笔者通过对各类文献中介绍的改进方法的试验比较和研究发现,这些方案依然有改进的余地。     

用苯溶解白磷演示自燃现象

演示白磷自燃现象一向均采用二硫化碳溶解白磷。在缺乏二硫化碳的情况下,我们用苯作溶剂溶解白磷,经多次实验,白磷自燃现象效果良好。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.