Intracavity sequential quasi-synchronous interactions in an active nonlinear medium with a regular domain structure

A theory is developed to describe sequential quasi-synchronous wave interactions in an active non-linear medium with a regular domain structure inside a cavity. In particular, sequential processes of quasi-synchronous third-harmonic generation and quasi-synchronous parametric amplification that occur in a Nd:Mg:LiNbO₃ crystal with a regular domain structure under low-frequency pumping are analyzed. The efficiency of these nonlinear optical processes is studied as a function of both the reflection coefficient of the exit mirror and the linear loss in the medium.     

LD泵浦掺铥(Tm3+)光纤激光器的数值分析

首先从掺铥光纤激光器的速率方程和光传输方程出发,建立数学模型,通过Matlab软件进行数值计算,分析了泵浦光和激光沿光纤的分布以及各能级离子数的变化.在不同掺杂浓度下,研究了小信号增益与入纤泵浦功率的关系以及泵浦光和激光功率与增益介质长度的关系.在不同泵浦功率下,研究了输出功率与输出耦合镜反射率的关系.进一步对不同泵浦吸收系数,研究了斜率效率和泵浦阈值与光纤长度的关系.分析结果表明存在最佳光纤长度和最佳耦合输出透过率,使得激光输出功率达到最佳值.     

Directionality and mode structure of radiation of semiconductor lasers with electron-beam pumping

We present results of investigations of the directionality diagram and mode structure of radiation of semiconductor lasers with electron pumping that have microrelief reflectors instead of a blind mirror and output mirrors, whose coefficient of reflection depends on the wavelength and the angle of light propagation. Application of such mirrors allows one to narrow the spectrum of output radiation of the lasers, simultaneously reducing the threshold and increasing the output power. The discovered multilobe structure of the directionality diagrams is explained on the basis of geometrical optics. The possibility of controlling the directionality of radiation depending on the spectral and angular characteristics of the output mirror is shown. Reported at the Second International Scientific and Technical Conference on Quantum Electronics, Minsk, November 23–25, 1998. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 092–697, Septemter–October, 1999.     

Talbot外腔压窄线阵大功率半导体激光器输出谱宽

线阵半导体激光器（LDA）内部发光元周期排列,基于Talbot效应,改进传统Littrow外腔窄线宽系统,在Littrow外腔中置入反射率为20%平平镜构成Talbot外腔以进一步窄化激光器输出谱宽,并将外腔窄线宽输出通过铷池进行吸收实验。实验结果表明:铷池对Tablot外腔输出吸收系数比Littrow外腔吸收系数相对提高42.9%,说明Talbot外腔能有效提高外腔输出谱宽的均匀性,提高半导体激光器泵浦效率。     

Study of reflection of light by a moving mirror

The law of reflection of light by a moving mirror in the case of special Lorentz transformation is well known. We have derived the law of reflection of light by a moving mirror in the case of the most general Lorentz transformation. It has been observed that in the case of special Lorentz transformation, the law of reflection of light by a moving mirror is very simple but in the case of the most general Lorentz transformation, the law of reflection of light by a moving mirror is very complex.      

脉冲激光二极管泵浦调Q激光器泵浦时间特性研究

从调Q激光器的速率方程出发,对脉冲激光二极管泵浦的调Q激光器在不同泵浦功率及不同透过率情况下的最佳泵浦时间进行了理论分析。计算结果表明,在透过率为20%,腔内损耗为0.05的条件下,1—3倍阈值泵浦功率时,最高效率对应的最佳泵浦时间为1—1.5倍Nd∶YAG荧光寿命;7倍阈值泵浦功率及以上时,最佳泵浦时间约为荧光寿命的一半或者更短。在脉冲泵浦能量相同时,采用较短的泵浦时间(即泵浦功率较高),调Q输出的能量转换效率较高。     

Phase of reflection of very low energy electrons at crystal surfaces

The amplitude coefficients of electron reflection at crystal surfaces are complex numbers, each of which may be characterized by a reflection intensity (the squared modulus of the coefficient) and a phase. The phase of reflection of very low energy (? 10 eV) electron reflection is described on the basis of existing theory, and experimental approaches to phase determination are reviewed. Theoretical properties of the phase are described on the basis of the two-beam dynamical theory of diffraction. The model considered is an idealized substrate crystal with an attached selvedge (surface region). The indirect effect of inelastic scattering (absorption) is included by going to complex values of the electron energy or of the surface-normal component K of the propagation vector. In the absence of a selvedge the phase is determined solely by the band structure of the substrate crystal. If a selvedge is present there are large additional effects on the phase associated with zeros of the amplitude coefficient of reflection on the complex K plane. The experimental approaches considered are: (1) measurement of the kinetic energy distributions of ions produced in the field ion microscope, and (2) measurement of the periodic deviations from the Schottky line in field-assisted thermionic emission and photo-emission. Recent results of phase determination for W (011) surface by method (1) are summarized and compared with theoretical expectations.     

A dynamic phase-conjugate mirror based on CdF<Subscript>2</Subscript> crystals with bistable centers

A four-wave phase-conjugate mirror on reflection gratings recorded in a CdF₂ crystal with bistable centers has been studied experimentally. The mirror reflectivity and speed have been measured, and the coefficient of third-order nonlinearity of this medium has been estimated. The quality of the wave reflected from the phase-conjugate mirror has been investigated in model experiments.     

Characteristics of nonlinear reflection of radiation associated with waverfront reversal by a surface

The dependence of the nonlinear reflection coefficient R of a mirror with a wavefront reversing surface on the intensity I of the reference wave is analyzed in terms of a phenomenological model of a medium having a nonlinear Fresnel reflection amplitude coefficient φ. Substantial differences are revealed for media having different signs of the nonlinearity coefficient β=(dφ/dI). It is shown that R is related to the magnitude D of the dynamic range of the wavefront reversing mirror by the expression RD=Q_s' where Q_s is a parameter which defines the “quality” of the nonlinear medium. Far-Eastern State Academy of Communications. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 68–70, August, 1997.     

Tunable, narrow-band, grating-assisted microring reflectors

Tunable, grating-assisted ring resonator based optical mirrors are analyzed and their characteristics numerically evaluated. Mode number selection rules are presented to aid mirror optimization for high, narrow-band reflection and efficient sidelobe suppression. Data is presented on tuning sensitivity, on the effect of coupling on bandwidth and reflection coefficient, and on the influence of waveguide and grating loss on mirror performance. Group delay in the presence of loss and circuit parameter variations is also treated.     

Focusing of X-rays by bent crystals

The coefficient of X-ray reflection from a bent Bragg mirror is obtained on the basis of the principle of locality. The focusing of X-ray quanta by bent crystals is considered. The caustics for the X-rays reflected from the bent Bragg mirror are determined.     

The parametric doppler effect upon oblique radiation incidence in quartz glass

Frequency and reflection angle of probe radiation from a refractive-index inhomogeneity induced by an intense pumping pulse in quartz glass and moving with a relativistic velocity are calculated. Conditions under which the normal component of the wave vector of the reflected wave is directed to the opposite or to the same direction as the same component for the incident wave are determined. Comparison with the case of radiation reflection from a relativistic mirror in vacuum is performed. Conditions of the appearance of the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation from a relativistic refractive-index inhomogeneity induced in the medium by an intense laser pulse are discussed.     

ZnO薄膜光学常数测量

利用Kramers-Kronig方法(K-K方法)测量了ZnO薄膜的复介电常数和复折射率(折射率和消光系数)。为了满足K-K方法所要求的条件,光源发出的光束通过一个特殊设计的中间带孔的反射镜垂直投射到ZnO薄膜表面,在ZnO薄膜表面产生的反射光穿过反射镜中间的小孔进入单色仪,从而测量出正入射情况下ZnO薄膜的反射光谱。对有限波段下测量的数据经合理的外推后,得出全波段的薄膜反射谱,然后利用K-K方法计算出ZnO薄膜的复介电常数和复折射率。实验结果表明,氧化锌薄膜在可见光范围内的折射率近似为一常数3．5;在430nm附近出现折射率最大值,而在短波长范围所对应的折射率大大降低,其值在0．5—2．5之间起伏波动。     

修正反射系数的Kirchhoff近似方法计算高斯起伏冰面三维声散射

针对随机起伏冰面的声散射计算问题,利用修正反射系数的Kirchhoff近似方法计算了高斯起伏冰面的三维声散射。在计算模型中引入了冰面局部统计平均反射系数的概念,将二维高斯起伏冰面的散射分为相干散射和非相干散射,分别得到两类散射成分的散射系数公式,计算了高斯起伏冰面三维声散射的散射强度。分析了散射强度与随机起伏冰面的均方根高度、声波入射角度及频率的关系。通过实验室水池中高斯起伏冰面的散射强度测量实验,对理论模型的计算结果进行了验证。将实验结果分别与采用冰面局部统计平均反射系数的模型计算结果和文献中采用平整冰面镜反射系数的模型计算结果进行了对比,采用冰面局部统计平均反射系数的模型计算结果与实验测量值吻合较好。      

等效腔法研究低损介质镜的反射特性

利用多光束干涉原理的等效腔模型对四分之一波长多层介质镜进行了研究。证明在反射镜中心频率ωo附近，形为ρ(ω)exp[iψ(ω)]的反射系数中的ρ(ω)等于ρ(ω)，ψ(ω)与频率成正比。求得了在介质具有微弱吸收情况下，吸收引起的四分之一波长镜反射下降和反射时延的表达式，研究了反射率下降以及反射时延与膜层数目的奇偶性的关系。在此基础上还引入了一个具有一定普适性的权重因子，通过这个权重因子可以定量描述镜子中各层对多层介质镜反射率下降、反射时延等重要特性的影响。     

Influence of weak reflections from anti-reflection coated surfaces on CO2 laser optics design

The influence of interference due to weak reflections from anti-reflection coated surfaces in CO₂ laser optics is discussed and analysed. In certain cases quite low reflection levels (1%) are shown to lead to uncertainties in the mirror transmission coefficient or produce a non-uniform power loading on the mirror surface, resulting in damage.     

多光束非定域干涉透射光强分布

研究了多光束非定域干涉现象,得到了多光束非定域干涉的透射光强分布函数。理论研究结果表明,干涉圆环中心位置光强与定域干涉结果一致。对得到的多光束非定域干涉透射光强分布函数进行了数值分析,分析结果表明随着镜面反射系数的增加,非定域干涉条纹变得更加锐细,光谱分辨率提高,同时在低干涉级次处出现了噪声,并且反射系数越高,噪声越明显。在镜面间距不变的情况下,通过改变观察屏位置,对透射光强分布进行数值分析,结果表明干涉级次与干涉圆环倾角的余弦值存在线性关系,通过求斜率可以得到镜面间距。保持观察屏位置不变,通过改变镜面间距,数值分析结果表明干涉级次与干涉圆环半径平方存在线性关系,并且直线斜率与镜面间距也存在线性关系。     

Numerical Modeling of an Optical Parametric Oscillator in the Cavity–Dumping Mode

A procedure of numerical modeling of an optical parametric oscillator in the cavity–dumping mode has been developed. For the optical parametric oscillator based on a KTP crystal the dependences of the temporary profile and energy of the signal pulses (_s = 1.57 m) on the time of switching and depth of modulation of the reflection factor of the output mirror at prescribed length and energy of the Gaussian pulse of pumping an Nd:YAG laser (_p = 1.064 m) are calculated. An optimum mode of controlling extraction of radiation that ensures the maximum efficiency of conversion due to reduction of nonlinear losses has been found. The possibility of forming gigantic pulses by the optical parametric oscillator with the peak intensity greatly exceeding the intensity of pumping is shown.     

Reflection of a plasma wave from the flat boundary of a degenerate plasma

The linearized problem of reflection of a plasma wave from the boundary of a degenerate collisional plasma occupying the half-space is stated and analytically solved for the first time. As the boundary conditions, both mirror and diffuse reflections of electrons are applied. The reflection coefficient is found as a function of the input parameters. The long-wave limit is analyzed.     

Characteristics of a three-mirror interference system with a noninverted response function in reflected light

It is demonstrated that a reflection interferometer with optical properties of a three-mirror system in transmitted light can be created by including a phase grating in the structure of an input mirror. The response function is determined, a technique for the selection of parameters for the formation of spectral characteristics of the reflection coefficient is considered, and results of calculations are presented.