Selections and selectors

The aim of the paper is to outline the known results and the main technics they are obtained with as well as the open questions about selections of set-valued mappings. More precisely the following topics will be touched: Set-valued selections of set-valued mappings, factorizations of set-valued mappings, inverse selection theorems, selections via extension of the set-valued mapping.     

Selections, extensions and collectionwise normality

We demonstrate that the classical Michael selection theorem for l.s.c. mappings with a collectionwise normal domain can be reduced only to compact-valued mappings modulo Dowker's extension theorem for such spaces. The idea used to achieve this reduction is also applied to get a simple direct proof of that selection theorem of Michael's. Some other possible applications are demonstrated as well.     

Continuous selections and reflexive Banach spaces

Every l.s.c. mapping from a space into the non-empty closed convex subsets of a reflexive Banach space admits a continuous selection provided it satisfies a ``weak' u.s.c. condition. This result partially generalizes some known selection theorems. Also, it is successful in solving a problem concerning the set of proper lower semi-continuous convex functions on a reflexive Banach space.

     

A fixed-point theorem for usco maps

The familiar fixed-point theorem of Kakutani is strengthened by weakening the hypotheses on the set-valued mapping. Applications are made for and decompositions of compact metric spaces.

     

Sections of convex bodies and splitting problem for selections

Let and be any convex-valued lower semicontinuous mappings and let be any linear surjection. The splitting problem is the problem of representation of any continuous selection f of the composite mapping L(F₁;F₂) in the form f=L(f₁;f₂), where f₁ and f₂ are some continuous selections of F₁ and F₂, respectively. We prove that the splitting problem always admits an approximate solution with fi being an ε-selection (Theorem 2.1). We also propose a special case of finding exact splittings, whose occurrence is stable with respect to continuous variations of the data (Theorem 3.1) and we show that, in general, exact splittings do not exist even for the finite-dimensional range.     

Completeness, Sections and Selections

In this paper, we develop a general approach to set-valued semi-continuous selections which is based on order-like arguments rather than on classical approximations. The approach works nice in a number of situations demonstrating the genesis of such selection properties of set-valued mappings. In particular, it allows to generalize several known results, also to get some new results about sections of set-valued mappings.      

Selections and hyperspace topologies via special metrics

If (Y, d) is a complete metric space with a non-Archimedean metric d, then there exists a selection on the set of all nonempty closed subsets of Y which is continuous with respect to both the Vietoris and Hausdorff topologies on .     

Carathéodory selections for multivalued mappings

We prove the existence of a Carathéodory selection for a set-valued mapping satisfying standard conditions. Also, an application to random fixed point for random operators is established.     

Uniform convexity and the splitting problem for selections

We continue to investigate cases when the Repovš–Semenov splitting problem for selections has an affirmative solution for continuous set-valued mappings. We consider the situation in infinite-dimensional uniformly convex Banach spaces. We use the notion of Polyak of uniform convexity and modulus of uniform convexity for arbitrary convex sets (not necessary balls). We study general geometric properties of uniformly convex sets. We also obtain an affirmative solution of the splitting problem for selections of certain set-valued mappings with uniformly convex images.     

An operator-valued Lyapunov theorem

We generalize Lyapunov's convexity theorem for classical (scalar-valued) measures to quantum (operator-valued) measures. In particular, we show that the range of a nonatomic quantum probability measure is a weak^?-closed convex set of quantum effects (positive operators bounded above by the identity operator) under a sufficient condition on the non-injectivity of integration. To prove the operator-valued version of Lyapunov's theorem, we must first define the notions of essentially bounded, essential support, and essential range for quantum random variables (Borel measurable functions from a set to the bounded linear operators acting on a Hilbert space).     

Coincidence of the upper Kuratowski topology with the co-compact topology on compact sets, and the Prohorov property

For a Hausdorff space X, let F be the hyperspace of all closed subsets of X and H a sublattice of F. Following Nogura and Shakhmatov, X is said to be H-trivial if the upper Kuratowski topology and the co-compact topology coincide on H. F-trivial spaces are the consonant spaces first introduced and studied by Dolecki, Greco and Lechicki. In this paper, we deal with K-trivial spaces and Fin-trivial space, where K and Fin are respectively the lattices of compact and of finite subsets of X. It is proved that if C_k(X) is a Baire space or more generally if X has ‘the moving off property’ of Gruenhage and Ma, then X is K-trivial. If X is countable, then C_p(X) is Baire if and only if X is Fin-trivial and all compact subsets of X are finite. As for consonant spaces, it turns out that every regular K-trivial space is a Prohorov space. This result remains true for any regular Fin-trivial space in which all compact subsets are scattered. It follows that every regular first countable space without isolated points, all compact subsets of which are countable, is Fin-nontrivial. Examples of K-trivial non-consonant spaces, of Fin-trivial K-nontrivial spaces and of countably compact Prohorov Fin-nontrivial spaces, are given. In particular, we show that all (generalized) Fréchet–Urysohn fans are K-trivial, answering a question by Nogura and Shakhmatov. Finally, we describe an example of a continuous open compact-covering mapping f :X→Y, where X is Prohorov and Y is not Prohorov, answering a long-standing question by Topsøe.     

On fuzzy multi-valued functions part 2: Some topological properties

In this paper new topological concepts connected with fuzzy multi-valued functions theory-as presented in the first part of this work-are introduced and their properties are investigated. As will be shown in future papers these concepts and properties are indispensable in connection with the analysis of fuzzy economic systems.     

On multifunction transforms of probability measures

The paper briefly presents Topsøe's setup and gives two results based on that. A delta theorem for multifunctions improving that of King [2] is given. In particular, the contingent derivative may be a compact-valued instead of a single-valued multi-function. Stochastic optimization is also discussed. Some results are achieved for the limit distribution of optimal values as well as of optimal solutions.     

Estimating Invariant Probability Densities for Dynamical Systems

Knowing a probability density (ideally, an invariant density) for the trajectories of a dynamical system allows many significant estimates to be made, from the well-known dynamical invariants such as Lyapunov exponents and mutual information to conditional probabilities which are potentially more suitable for prediction than the single number produced by most predictors. Densities on typical attractors have properties, such as singularity with respect to Lebesgue measure, which make standard density estimators less useful than one would hope. In this paper we present a new method of estimating densities which can smooth in a way that tends to preserve fractal structure down to some level, and that also maintains invariance. We demonstrate with applications to real and artificial data.     

集值测度的Radon-Nikodym定理及集值算子的Pettis-Aumann积分表示

本文建立了 Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间集值测度的 Ｒａｄｏｎ－Ｎｉｋｏｄｙｍ定理,并给出了两类集值算子的Ｐｅｔｔｉｓ－Ａｕｍａｎｎ积分表示．     

Fixed points, selections and common fixed points for nonexpansive-type mappings

We study the existence of fixed points in the context of uniformly convex geodesic metric spaces, hyperconvex spaces and Banach spaces for single and multivalued mappings satisfying conditions that generalize the concept of nonexpansivity. Besides, we use the fixed point theorems proved here to give common fixed point results for commuting mappings.     

抛物型时变微分包含解的存在性

在Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间中研究抛物型时变微分包含的初值问题，证明了解的存在性定理，已有的许多结果可以作为本文主要定理的特殊情形直接得出，并且存在性的充分条件也得到明显的降低．     

On Ito–Nisio Type Theorems for DS-Groups

It is shown that the convergence of convolution products of probability measures on certain non-locally compact topological abelian groups can be verified by means of characteristic functionals. Analogous results are obtained also for almost everywhere convergence of series of independent random elements in the considered groups. A connection with the Sazonov property of the groups is discussed.     

Set-valued equilibrium problems with applications to Browder variational inclusions and to fixed point theory

In this paper, we deal with set-valued equilibrium problems under mild conditions of continuity and convexity on subsets recently introduced in the literature. We obtain that neither semicontinuity nor convexity are needed on the whole domain when solving set-valued and single-valued equilibrium problems. As applications, we derive some existence results for Browder variational inclusions, and we extend the well-known Berge maximum theorem in order to obtain two versions of Kakutani and Schauder fixed point theorems.