叶轮机械数值计算与设计方法进展及其在汽轮机中的应用──第一部分:数值计算及设计方法进展

本文对多级汽轮机通流部分气动热力学数值计算方法与设计体系研究所取得的进展进行了回顾，主要内容包括通流部分气动热力准三维、全三维计算方法进展、程序的校准方法、多级轴流透平气动热力设计体系研制等，并提出了今后进一步开发的设想．     

国产优化300／600MW汽轮机通流部分气动设计 第二部分：叶栅优化与完善化设计

本文介绍叶栅优化与完善化设计方法。针对３００／６００ＭＷ汽轮机高、中、低缸叶栅不同的气动和几何特点，运用Ｓ１流面正、反问题和杂交问题程序，对叶栅进行优化或完善化设计。试验研究和工程实践表明这套设计方法是成功的。     

多级轴流压气机通流造型一体化设计研究

多级轴流压气机气动设计的核心是S2通流设计和叶片造型设计。为了提高设计效率、降低时间成本,研究开发了多级轴流压气机通流、造型一体化设计方法。通过将S2通流设计反问题与叶片造型耦合联结,一体化设计获取压气机气动流场参数和流道、叶片几何,并直接与全三维数值模拟相衔接,可快速得到基本满足目标需求的初始设计。通过一体化反演设计具有设计数据与试验结果的美国E~3十级高压压气机前六级,其设计点的流量、绝热效率误差范围均在2.5%内,具有较好的工程精度,验证了研发的多级轴流压气机通流造型一体化设计的有效性与实用性。     

非平衡凝结流线曲率法通流程序开发及应用

在湿蒸汽汽轮机设计中评估湿蒸汽偏离热力学平衡态的程度及其对透平级几何、气动参数设计的影响具有重要意义。本文发展了湿蒸汽非平衡凝结流动的流线曲率法通流设计程序,对某300 MW汽轮机低压缸六级透平内的流动进行了分析,并与平衡凝结流动流线曲率法程序的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:与平衡凝结流动相比,非平衡凝结流动中叶栅后的压力、出口汽流角、湿度以及级的反动度和效率发生了明显变化,非平衡凝结流动的效率降低2 08%,功率降低1.05 MW。本文发展的非平衡凝结流动流线曲率法通流设计程序为我国大功率火电汽轮机低压缸和核电汽轮机的通流设计提供了工具。     

小展弦比调节级三维多目标气动优化设计

大功率汽轮机调节级动叶是典型小展弦比叶片。动叶通道内上下通道涡交汇,流动呈现强烈的三维特性,其设计优化本质上是一个三维优化问题。结合自适应多目标差分进化算法、基于能量法的三维叶片造型方法和RANS方程求解技术,发展了轴流式叶栅三维多目标气动优化设计方法。利用该方法,完成了某典型大功率汽轮机调节级多目标气动优化设计。优化后小展弦比调节级气动性能明显提高,表明该方法具有良好的优化性能和应用前景。     

时间推进通流气动设计方法的探索和分析

本文在时间推进法与风扇气动设计相结合方面进行了探索,初步形成时间推进通流气动设计方法及相应设计程序。该方法根本上克服了流线曲率法不能解决混合型方程组的困难,能适用于超音来流风扇的气动设计。采用该方法对高负荷亚音来流风扇、超音通流风扇和超音来流风扇进行气动设计,证实了该方法相对流线曲率法具有很大的优越性。     

轴流透平通用叶型设计模块开发

1前言在叶轮机械气动热力设计体系中，叶型设计是最基本而关键的一环，叶型的好坏及选用适当与否对机组性能有非常大的影响。本文的工作是我们研制的多级轴流透平通流部分气动热力设计体系中的重要组成部分，其目的是要在满足结构、工艺、强度等约束条件的同时，高效、准确地设计出具有良好气动性能的叶型。本模块采用高档微机网络和中文NT操作系统作为支撑环境，选用商业化的CAD／CAM软件作为主要开发工具，在其基础上进行二次开发[1]。2叶型设计的类型与方法根据不同的已知条件，轴流透平叶型设计工作可分为三种类型：2．1已知初始叶…     

国产二十万千瓦汽轮机高中压缸准三维气动热力分析

本文采用准三维计算方法分析了国产二十万千瓦汽轮机在运行工况条件下的高中压缸气动热力性能.S1计算分析了叶型表面等摘马赫数分市情况及叶型的性能，S2计算得到了沿叶片高度的气动热力参数分布并分析了主要的通流性能参数，最后为改造设计提出了若干建议．     

高速、高负荷跨音速单级风扇设计与试验

本文介绍－高性能单级跨音速风扇的设计与试验结果。该风扇设计压比２．３,设计效率０．８８,具有高切线速度５１０ ｍ／ｓ（相对马赫数达 １．７２）和低展弦比。 在气动设计过程中,为了改善级效率,使用了前缘掠型和任意空间积迭曲线新技术。为了提高气动设计的可靠性,对风扇进行了三维有粘流动计算分析和气动的优化。 试验结果表明：这台风扇性能达到了它的设计目标。设计点压比（２．３）效率为８９．５％,峰值效率达９０．８％,最高压比达２．４９１,喘振裕度超过１１．５％。 这台风扇显示了当今国际上先进风扇水平。高水平性能的取得归功于在高速和高负荷风扇气动设计中准三维和三维粘性设计系统的应用。     

汽轮机低压排汽系统气动性能分析

本文描述了来流条件和几何形状对大功率汽轮机低压排汽系统内部复杂三维流动的影响,研究了均匀和畸变两种来流条件下某排汽系统的气动性能;根据实际运行环境下高性能透平排汽系统的气动设计原则设计了新的排汽系统,用数值模拟的方法对新设计进行了气动性能分析并与原设计进行了对比。     

Developments in geothermal energy in Mexico—Part twenty. Technical advantages and disadvantages of geothermal well-head units

The technical advantages and disadvantages resulting from locating a steam turbine unit close to a geothermal well-head are presented. The short steam piping system has implications in the design of a well-head turbine. It is concluded that there are some technical differences between large geothermal turbines and well-head units, which may be decisive in the selection of geothermal plant.     

汽轮机次、末两级弯扭静叶的工程设计与实验研究

本文的主要目的是讨论弯扭叶片在大功率汽轮机低压缸末级和次东级的工程应用问题。具有弯扭叶片的通流设计方法采用基于求解欧拉方程的Ｓ２流面正问题计算，静叶栅的实验是在环形叶栅实验风洞上进行的，通过对计算结果和实验结果的分析，本文讨论了弯扭叶片在次、末两级中对改善流场的作用。     

The exergy carry-over index for a utility system

An exergy analysis has been conducted for the utility system of an integrated sugar cane processing plant. A 22 MW boiler supplies steam to five turbines. The availability or exergy analysis establishes the amount of chemical and thermal energy that can possibly be transformed into work. Of the 100 units of available energy from the fuel, only 62.2 units are exergy. The steam cycle absorbs 60.3 energy units, of which 21.0 are exergy. The exergy carry-over index for the boiler is 0.56. The steam transfers to the turbines 2.2 energy units, all of which are exergy. The index is 2.86 for the steam cycle and 1.61 for the combined installation.     

Developments in geothermal energy in Mexico—part thirty-four. Numerical steady-state simulation of the steam supply system of the cerro prieto geothermal plant

The philosophy used in the mathematical modelling of the steam supply network of Cerro Prieto geothermal power stations is described. In order to form the simulation model of this system, mathematical models were developed for: the surface equipment such as separators, pressure control stations, steam turbines, low and high pressure interconnections, purges and wells. With the above mentioned models a computer programme was produced which operating conditions in the steam supply system.     

High-speed mathematical models of cogeneration steam turbines: Optimization of operation at heat and power plants

The approach was developed for creation of high-speed mathematical models of cogeneration turbines; these models are the tools for fast optimization of operation modes of large-scale cogeneration heating plants. The approach was developed for identification of mathematical models of steam turbines via measuring its parameters. The example of parameters identification is presented for steam turbine T-100/120–130. The optimization computations of operation modes for a cogeneration heating plant were the basic ones for plotting equivalent energy characteristics at a given consumer heat load.     

Criteria for integration of combined cycle cogeneration systems in the process industries

Cogeneration systems often provide a very effective means of integrating power generation with the provision of thermal energy to an industrial process. Various types of power generating machines can be used, but combined cycle cogeneration systems can offer significant advantages over other technologies in many medium and large scale applications. The systems that are used consist of fired prime movers (usually gas turbines), discharging their exhaust heat into heat recovery steam generators. The steam raised in this way is passed through back-pressure steam turbines to extract additional power before finally delivering its residual heat content to process heating duties.This paper presents an overview of the economic trade-offs in the design of single cycle and combined cycle systems. Generalizations are derived from this investigation, leading to the identification of three distinct classes of problem for which different types of cogeneration systems (combined cycle or single cycle) are appropriate. Case study results are presented to illustrate the principles employed.     

燃气涡轮机气冷涡轮气动设计体系设计思想及其应用

由于燃气涡轮机的发展,作为燃气涡轮机最重要的部件气冷涡轮,其负荷与涡轮前温度不断提高,为适应这一发展,气冷涡轮气动设计体系与设计思想均有了新的发展.本文的目的就是从三个方面分析与介绍这一发展内涵.第一部分,重点介绍气冷涡轮气动设计体系的发展、介绍主要程序的特点与分层优化设计过程.第二部分,重点介绍应用平均方程在计算气冷涡轮气动问题时,如何提高计算的可靠性与计算精度.第三部分,重点介绍气冷涡轮三维气动设计思想.     

A case study of cogeneration for Jeddah and Yanbu petromin refineries in Saudi Arabia

The Petromin refineries in Jeddah and Yanbu, Saudi Arabia produce power and process steam separately. The Jeddah refinery gas turbines that have an installed capacity of 88 MW, run at less than 50% utilization factor. The refinery demand of steam is 70–120 tons h⁻¹.The electric power demand of Yanbu refinery is supplied by The Royal Commission of Yanbu at a rate of 16–25 MW. The steam consumption is 68 tons h⁻¹. Data were collected for the performance and requirement for both plants. An integrated system for cogeneration is proposed which consists of a gas turbine, heat recovery steam generator equipped with a supplementary duct burner and economizer. The thermal and economical analyses have proved the feasibility of the proposed system with payback periods of 23 and 36 months for Jeddah and Yanbu refineries, respectively. However, the payback period for Jeddah refinery can be reduced to 15 months if the utilization factor is improved, and the excess power generated by the gas turbines is connected to the public utility grid. In fact, it is worth mentioning that the present study is considered the first to be carried out in Saudi Arabia; more studies and investigations could lead to tremendous saving in the fuel consumption in this country.