Diffractive lens with binary phase levels to generate two focuses

ＤｉｆｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｌｅｎｓｗｉｔｈｂｉｎａｒｙｐｈａｓｅｌｅｖｅｌｓｔｏｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｔｗｏｆｏｃｕｓｅｓＬＯＮＧＰｉｎ；ＬＩＵＪｉｅ；ＳＨＩＷｅｎｍｉｎ；ＨＳＵＤａｈｓｉｕｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｆｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃ...     

N阶闪耀光栅衍射理论分析

首先用标量衍射理论导出一般周期物射效率的推论，然后求出了Ｎ阶二元闪耀光栅衍射效率公式；最后分别对理想情形和有误差情形进行了讨论。     

高能X射线聚焦组合透镜的理论研究

X射线聚焦组合透镜是一种利用折射效应对X射线辐射聚焦的新型元件。针对X射线波段的特性,综合考虑折射和吸收效应得出组合透镜的衍射屏函数,并利用衍射理论推导出X射线组合透镜的设计理论。利用统计学理论中一阶、二阶原点矩表征像面处的光学性能,使设计更简洁。该理论方法可方便地推广到双凹折射单元情况。通过数值计算分析了像向处强度分布的二阶中心矩以及焦点处辐射强度随组合透镜结构参最的变化关系,给出了一种铝基X射线组合透镜的结构参量设计结果。对于设计的组合透镜结构参量,计算了当X射线辐射能量分别为0．93 keV．9．89 keV和29．78 keV时,X射线辐射经过组合透镜后的焦点强度分布。     

波长漂移对菲涅尔透镜影响的严格矢量分析

为了严格分析入射光波长相对相位型菲涅尔透镜的设计波长发生漂移时对其聚焦特性的影响,采用时域有限差分方法作为严格的矢量分析工具,得到了相位型菲涅尔透镜的光焦度与入射光波长以及衍射效率与入射光波长的关系曲线。仿真结果表明：与标量理论结果类似,菲涅尔透镜光焦度随入射光波的增加总体呈线性上升趋势,衍射效率随入射光波长漂移时设计波长下降,且衍射效率低于标量理论分析结果。     

Annular-focus zone lens for increasing the intensities of created Bessel beams

In this paper we proposes a new concept of annular-focus zone lens and its design procedure based on binary optics. An investigation of the diffraction efficiencies and the transverse intensity distributions on the focal plane of the designed annular-focus zone lenses is presented. This special kind of zone lens may be used to increase the intensities of Durnin's diffraction-free beams.     

消色差谐衍射微透镜列阵的应用研究

本文研究菲涅耳谐衍射透镜的特性和工作条件,分析二元谐衍射透镜的衍射效率及制作要求,设计并研制了用于萨克-哈特曼波前传感器的双波长共焦谐衍射微透镜列阵,得到了良好的应用效果.     

折/衍混合远心消色差f-θ物镜系统设计

设计了一个折/衍混合远心消色差f-θ物镜系统.该系统由一片折射/衍射透镜和三片折射透镜组成.入瞳位于系统前焦面,整个系统满足像方远心.与美国专利（专利号：4,925,279）相比较,垂轴色差由2.40 mm降到0.23 mm,降低了一个数量级;对于0°、14°和20°视场,最大垂轴像差分别由260μm、1350μm、2090μm降低到5μm、250μm、318μm,最大场曲分别由8mm、10mm、13 mm降低到0.5 mm、1 mm、6 mm.该物镜不仅可用于彩色激光打印机、激光数码彩扩等多波长的扫描系统,也可用于能量要求较高的扫描系统.在高能量扫描系统中,通过引用折/衍混合远心消色差f-θ物镜,可用小体积工作于多纵模状态的激光器代替大体积单波长的激光器,使整个扫描系统小型化,并且提高了扫描准确度.     

衍射光学透镜色散特性的仿真研究

在白光照射下,衍射光学透镜的焦距不仅同材料色散和波长色散有关,而且还同孔径因子有关。基于折射率随波长变化的经验公式,利用自编的仿真计算程序包,得到了透镜焦距、材料色散、波长色散、孔径因子之间的关系曲线。所获得的理论分析和仿真计算结果为进一步设计消色差的纯衍射目视光学系统提供了理论依据,具有一定的指导意义。     

Efficiency of Blazed Diffractive Optics Produced by Diamond Turning

In blazed diffractive optics produced by the diamond turning process, the finite size of the tool causes a decrease in diffraction efficiency. To analyze the influence of the tool, we evaluate first-order diffraction efficiency of periodic gratings based on the electromagnetic theory. The design indices of the diffractive optics for higher efficiency are shown. Even with the same power of diffractive optics, the efficiency differs with the front or back side of the surface. The efficiency of a diffractive-refractive hybrid lens depends on the curvature of the refractive surface.     

Dual-Frequencies Diffractive Lenses at Millimeter Wavelengths

Diffractive lens have many advantages over refractive lens at millimeter waves band, such as thin, light and low dielectric loss and so on. However, diffractive lens have chromatic aberration, that is, focusing performance of diffractive lens is frequency dependent. In this report, a dual frequencies diffractive lens is developed, which can work at 8mm band and 3mm band, based on the harmonic diffractive lens techniques. Experiments show it has almost same focusing performance at 8mm band and 3mm band.     

轴锥镜光强分布的角谱衍射数值分析法

针对理论上推导轴锥镜的衍射光场分布解析式较为困难,且用菲涅耳衍射理论分析时存在近轴近似及不能适用于近场衍射光场分析的问题,采用了严格遵从标量衍射亥姆霍兹方程的角谱衍射波前重建方法,对轴锥镜在单色和准单色高斯光波照射下的横向和轴向衍射光强分布特性,以及在单色均匀平面光波照射下的轴向衍射光强分布进行了数值计算和分析。结果表明,轴锥镜后单色光衍射光强分布在几何光束重叠的菱形区域内为近似无衍射贝塞尔光强分布,轴上光强沿光轴方向呈振荡变化,轴上光强分布规律与入射光波的垂轴横向光强分布有关;入射光的准单色性使得贝塞尔衍射条纹对比度略下降、轴上光强沿光轴方向振荡程度减小,但分布规律与单色光一致。     

基于衍射微透镜的光学加速度传感器设计

提出了一种基于菲涅耳衍射微透镜的新型光学加速度传感器,它能够解决导航系统中惯性传感器普遍存在的抗电磁干扰和电磁冲击能力差等缺陷。其传感原理是把一个反光膜平行地置于衍射微透镜的后方,加速度的变化会改变反光膜的位置,根据微透镜前方会聚点处光强的变化,感知加速度的大小。介绍了传感器及其动力学系统的工作原理,并对衍射微透镜和动力学系统的微弹性机械结构进行了设计和加工,最后对传感器的性能和误差进行了分析。原理验证性实验的结果表明这种新型光学加速度传感器的原理正确,并且结构简单,灵敏度高。     

Characterization of T-ray binary lenses

Multilevel phase-shift Fresnel diffractive zone plates fabricated on silicon wafers have been used as T-ray imaging lenses. The imaging results, including spatial and temporal distribution of T-rays measured at the focal planes in the frequency range from 0.5 to 1.5 THz, indicate that the performance of the diffractive terahertz (THz) lens is comparable with or better than that of conventional refractive THz lenses. The unique properties of the T-ray binary lens make it possible to fabricate excellent optics for narrow-band THz applications.     

二元光学在光学观测轰炸瞄准中的应用研究

光学观测瞄准是大中型轰炸机主要的对地攻击瞄准方式,其光学系统一般采用望远式光学系统,这就要求光学系统能满足可见光和近红外光两个光谱波段。根据国内大中型轰炸机光学观测瞄准系统的主要缺陷,结合光学观测瞄准的实际,探讨了基于二元光学的光学观测系统的组成结构和瞄准原理,分析了可见光波段混合目镜的光学性能、谐衍射物镜的衍射效率以及近红外光波段光学系统的像质,推导了横偏棱镜调平误差引起的瞄准误差的数学表达式,并对设计的合理性进行了验证。     

折衍混合光学系统超宽温消热差设计

利用折衍混合结构设计了超宽温范围内的光学被动式消热差Petzval物镜,系统工作波段为3.2～4.5 m,视场角为8.42,焦距为95 mm,后工作距为60.5 mm。使用锗和硅两种材料,引入了2个非球面和1个衍射面, 实现了消热差和结构简单轻量化,该系统在－80～200 ℃范围内, 调制传递函数(MTF) 优于0.7,接近衍射极限, 成像质量良好,该系统适用于像元尺寸为35 m、像元数320240的非制冷红外焦平面阵列探测器。     

Design of a hybrid diffractive/refractive achromatized telecentric f·θ lens

The design of a hybrid diffractive/refractive achromatized telecentric f·θ lens with a field of view (FOV) 50° and an effective focal length of 750 mm is presented. The optical stop is placed at the front focal plane so that it is a telecentric system. The design is based on a traditional refractive counterpart, and the designed system consists of a hybrid diffractive/refractive lens and four refractive lenses. The designed f·θ lens shows a considerable reduction in weight with a simplified structure, and exhibits superior performance compared to the refractive system. It is emphasized that the designed f·θ lens can be applied to modern color scanning systems that operate in the visible wavelength range with high performance. It can also be applied to high-energy scanning systems. When applying the designed hybrid diffractive/refractive f·θ lens to the high-energy scanning system, a big laser operating in one longitudinal mode can be replaced by a small multi-mode laser, and the scanning system can be simplified greatly with the accuracy improved.     

闪耀光栅的二元近似结构

摘要利用闪耀光栅的特点可制作高效的波导耦合器。采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)方法，模拟计算了二元闪耀光栅的一阶衍射效率和衍射角随光栅不同结构参数而变化的相关特征，所得结果对实际二元闪耀光栅的制备有重要参考价值。     

二元光学反／衍混合Schmidt望远系统光学设计

针对空间光学系统轻型的特点，采用衍射光学元件取代Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ校正板来校正系统像差，设计了一个二元光学反／衍混合Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ望远系统。光学系统的通光孔径为＝２００ｍｍ，相对孔径Ｆ／＃＝１．９，波长λ＝４．３μｍ，视场２ω＝１０°。光学设计采用ＯＳＬＯｓｉｘ软件。光学设计结果：空间频率ν≤６０ｃｙｃｌｅｓ／ｍｍ时，调制传递函数ＭＴＦ≥０．４。     

Compound diffractive telescope system: design, straylight analysis, and optical test

The compound diffractive telescope is a novel space optical system which combines the structure of compound eyes with diffractive optics and so it has a lighter weight, a wider field of view (FOV), a lower cost as well as looser fabrication tolerance. In this paper, the design of a compound diffractive telescope composed of one primary lens and twenty-one eyepieces is introduced. Then the influence of diffraction orders on the performance of the system is analysed. A modified phase function model of diffractive optics is proposed to analyse the modulation transfer function (MTF) curves for 0℃ FOV, which provides a more accurate prediction of the performance of the system. In addition, an optimized mechanism is also proposed to suppress stray light. The star image and resolution tests show that the system can achieve diffraction limit imaging within ± 2℃ of FOV and ±4~mm of eccentricity. Finally, a series of pictures of an object are taken from different channels, and the splicing of pictures from adjacent FOVs is demonstrated. In summary, the designed system has been proved to have great potential applications.     

Large aperture phase-coded diffractive lens for achromatic and 16° field-of-view imaging with high efficiency

Diffractive lenses (DLs) can realize high-resolution imaging with light weight and compact size. Conventional DLs suffer large chromatic and off-axis aberrations, which significantly limits their practical applications. Although many achromatic methods have been proposed, most of them are used for designing small aperture DLs, which have low diffraction efficiencies. In the designing of diffractive achromatic lenses, increasing the aperture and improving the diffraction efficiency have become two of the most important design issues. Here, a novel phase-coded diffractive lens (PCDL) for achromatic imaging with a large aperture and high efficiency is proposed and demonstrated experimentally, and it also possesses wide field-of-view (FOV) imaging at the same time. The phase distribution of the conventional phase-type diffractive lens (DL) is coded with a cubic function to expand both the working bandwidth and the FOV of conventional DL. The proposed phase-type DL is fabricated by using the laser direct writing of grey-scale patterns for a PCDL of a diameter of 10 mm, a focal length of 100 mm, and a cubic phase coding parameter of 30π. Experimental results show that the working bandwidth and the FOV of the PCDL respectively reach 50 nm and 16° with over 8% focusing efficiency, which are in significant contrast to the counterparts of conventional DL and in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. This work provides a novel way for implementing the achromatic, wide FOV, and high-efficiency imaging with large aperture DL.