大功率集成封装LED路灯透镜的光学设计

为了实现道路照明所要求的矩形光斑分布,以满足LED路灯照明系统的要求,依据光源特性和路面的光斑分布,通过折射定律建立透镜母线的斜率方程,根据该方程设计了用于矩形光斑分布的LED路灯透镜,采用正交优化方法,利用LightTools软件对所设计的透镜光学系统进行仿真比较研究,得到了一个矩形光斑分布的光学透镜。仿真结果表明,该透镜光学系统在高度为10m的照射条件下,照射面积为40m×10m的矩形光斑,均匀度为0.31。对有光斑尺寸要求的LED路灯透镜来说,该方法提供了一种简单有效的设计途径。     

一种通用的辐射聚焦器设计方法

本文把辐射聚焦器设计当作逆衍射问题求解，在吸收“模拟退火”思想的基础上，提出了一种通用性强、抗局部极值性好的优化算法──Ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄ－ＡＬＯＰＥＸ法，并就如何控制优化过程中的温度与步长两参量，进行了详细的讨论，剔除了ＡＬＯＰＥＸ法中存在的一些问题，最后比较了Ｅｒｒｏｒ－Ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ法和本方法的设计结果。     

倾斜离轴高斯-谢尔模型光束在大气湍流中通过猫眼光学镜头反射光的光强特性

本文研究了大气湍流和探测光空间相干性对倾斜离轴激光束通过猫眼光学 镜头反射光光强特性的影响. 研究表明: 由于光阑效应以及光束倾斜或离轴, 反射光光强出现振荡和非对称分布现象. 大气湍流不会改变其非对称性, 但湍流中其光强不再振荡. 当猫眼光学镜头存在微弱正离焦δ_max情况下, 轴上光强可达到最大值. 猫眼光学镜头焦距越大, 所需δ_max越大. 但是, 大气湍流和探测光相干性好坏都不会改变所需δ_max值. 在大气湍流中传输距离足够远时, 反射光强会成为离轴类高斯分布. 随着传输距离的增大, 相干性越差的探测光的反射光束扩展可以更小, 这与部分相干光自由空间传输规律完全不同. 探测光相干性越好, 其反射光强受湍流的影响越大, 但差异不大. 本文所得结果对激光主动探测的应用具有意义. 关键词： 猫眼光学镜头 大气湍流 部分相干光 光强     

控制三维光场的纯相位衍射光学元件优化设计

为提高纯相位衍射光学元件的设计效果，实现高衍射效率的三维光场衍射传播控制，在原有GS迭代算法的基础上提出了新的相位加权迭代优化设计算法。此算法的特点是，建立多衍射输出平面迭代加权算法模型，并通过反馈各个设计输出平面在迭代计算过程中的设计误差，引入一定的相位动态加权整调策略，以达到更加优化的设计效果。以此算法设计一个纯相位衍射光学元件，将输入的高斯光束在距离输入面300mm～400mm内的每个平面上变换为2×2等强度光束阵列。通过对比实验发现此方法在原有算法基础上能进一步改善算法的收敛效果，提高整体设计质量，实现更加优化的运算。     

衍射光学器件光线追迹公式的实验验证

本文介绍了一种衍射光学器件光线追迹的方法，并给出了计算公式。作为验证，在实验室里制作了具有连续相位的体全息器件，将其实际再现光斑与计算点列图进行比较。构造透射体全息片的物光为离轴的球面波，始于轴外点Ａ（０，１３２ｓｉｎ８°，－１３２ｃｏｓ８°），参考光为平面光束，其与Ｚ轴夹角为１７°。激光器采用氩离子激光器（Ｓｐｅｃｔｒａ－ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓＭｏｄｅｌ２０２０），波长４８８ｎｍ；干板感光胶为重铬酸明胶（ＤＣＧ），胶层厚为１５μｍ；通光口径３０ｎｍ。测试时把全息片放在干板的位置。挡住物光，让再现光以和参考光路相同的路径平行入射到全息片上，在全息片后垂直光轴放置毛玻璃片，平行光轴移动毛玻璃片，可观察到－１级衍射光的变化。在距离原点的距离分别为（ａ）４０ｍｍ，（ｂ）７０ｍｍ，（ｃ）８７ｍｍ，（ｄ）９５ｍｍ的地方用ＣＣＤ拍摄了衍射光的形状，与程序计算的点列图在形状和大小上都吻合     

Optical design of a freeform TIR lens for LED streetlight

Secondary optics is a critical component determining the output efficiency and light distribution of the LED streetlight. A good roadway illumination requires the LED streetlight have a rectangular light pattern just cover the roadway and without excess spill light creeping into yards and shining into windows of neighbor residents. The adoption of the unsymmetrical freeform optics with different light distributions along X and Y directions is necessary. The whole LED streetlight can be constructed if only mounts these LED modules on the planar PCB plate. The mechanism, thermal management, and the power control electronics of the LED streetlight become very simple. In this paper, an optical design approach of a freeform TIR (total internal reflection) lens for the LED streetlight is investigated. With these freeform lenses, high output efficiency, even light distribution, and batwing far field beam angle distribution can be achieved.     

Annular-focus zone lens for increasing the intensities of created Bessel beams

In this paper we proposes a new concept of annular-focus zone lens and its design procedure based on binary optics. An investigation of the diffraction efficiencies and the transverse intensity distributions on the focal plane of the designed annular-focus zone lenses is presented. This special kind of zone lens may be used to increase the intensities of Durnin's diffraction-free beams.     

Changes in the intensity distribution and polarization of non-uniformly polarized beams focused by a spherically aberrated lens with annular aperture

Based on the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and beam coherence polarization (BCP) matrix formulation, the focusing properties of a type of non-uniformly polarized (NUP) beam through a spherical aberrated lens with annular aperture are studied. The dependence of focal shift, intensity distribution, power in the bucket (PIB) and degree of polarization on the spherical aberration coefficient, obscure ratio and polarization parameters is illustrated numerically. The focusing of NUP beams by a spherically aberrated lens with circular aperture is treated as a special case, where the inner radius of the aperture is equal to zero.     

Optimisation of the light transmission and irradiance distribution of an aspherical lens for 3-D time-of-flight sensors

The irradiance distribution and power transmission in a 3-D sensor, which is based on the principle of time-of-flight (TOF) and uses modulated active illumination, should be optimised because of a large light energy damper and low signal-noise ratio at the receiver detector array. A numerical design of a spherical–aspherical lens with large numerical aperture has been presented to generate a homogeneous irradiance on a measure object from an LED source. Based on the design and analysis of reflection loss, optimisations have been taken to maximise the optical transmittance of the lens. The results show that the total transmittance can be improved by optimising the shape and material of the lens.     

利用部分相干光和同心角偏差透镜列阵实现二维靶面均匀辐照

提出利用部分相干光通过透镜列阵系统实现靶而的均匀辐照, 透镜列阵能获得边缘陡峭且顶部较平坦的准近场焦斑, 透镜列阵的适当同心度偏差又使各子束的斑纹相互稍微错开, 使干涉斑纹变密, 而入射的激光是空间相干性减少了的部分相干光, 可进一步抑制了透镜列阵系统焦斑的小尺度不均匀性. 使用广义衍射积分理论, 对高斯-谢尔光束通过透镜列阵光学系统的焦斑光强分布进行了详细的二维模拟研究, 比较了完全相干光与部分相干光经过透镜列阵的匀滑效果. 数值模拟表明, 应用同心度偏差和适当离焦时, 可实现焦斑均匀性和能量利用率同时达到最佳的效果.     

Studies of the characteristic parameters for a flattened-Gaussian beam through a defocusing lens

By introducing an equivalent focal length, analytical propagation equations of the characteristic parameters for a flattened-Gaussian beam through a defocusing lens in free space are obtained on the basis of Collins diffraction formula and definition of high-order intensity moments. The parametric characteristics of beam width, kurtosis parameter and power in the bucket are analyzed and discussed analytically or numerically. Numerical results show that the effects of different kinds or values of defocusing coefficient of the lens on these parameters are different. It is concluded that the action of the lens with different defocusing coefficient can be compensated by a series of lenses with different focal length in theory.     

Full correction of spherical aberration for the lens with a spherical refractive index distribution

The potential to create a lens with a spherical gradient of refractive index, transforming a divergent entrance homocentric beam into a convergent output homocentric beam, is shown. The lens has the first and the second spherical surfaces. The second surface is isoindicial. The distribution law of the refraction index for the lens material, and the basic parameters of the lens are obtained in analytical form.     

用高亮度LED和简便数据处理方法测定椭圆偏振光的椭圆曲线

通过建立椭圆偏振光在β方向上的光振动大小与检偏器在β+90°方向时光电检测器所测光强之间的关系式,以高亮度LED为光源,可简便地测定椭圆偏振光的椭圆曲线.     

Numerical analysis for verifying the performance of lens system in a scanning electron microscope

This work presents an analysis of the lens system in a thermionic scanning electron microscope (SEM) using a numerical computation and an optics-based calculation. The behaviors and characteristics of the electron beam are analyzed and the focusing capability is investigated. The beam spot size is estimated by calculation and proved by experiment. The characteristics and properties determining the SEM performance are investigated for various design parameters through a numerical analysis and an optics-based calculation. Particularly, a combination of two approaches gives more detailed information than a single approach in investigating an extremely small beam spot by demagnification through the electromagnetic lens system in a SEM column.     

Calculation of the light intensity distribution reflected by a planar corner-cube retroreflector array with the size of centimeter and above

The light intensity distribution (LID) reflected by a planar corner-cube retroreflector array with the size of centimeter and above (PCCRA) is calculated based on the Collins formula, coordinate transformation matrixes and vector algebra. The expression can be used for the PCCRAs with different parameters and different complex optical systems described by ABCD matrix. The expression indicates that the LID of a PCCRA is much different from a single corner-cube retroreflector (CCR) with equivalent aperture. Computer simulations are applied to explain the expression clearly. The results show that the LID of the PCCRA is more homogeneous than the single CCR with equivalent aperture under circumstances of both normal incident light and oblique incident light. In addition, the expression is proved by comparing the simulation result of the PCCRA only comprising a single CCR and the previous experimental result.     

有限距离的凸非球面的透镜补偿检验方法

在用刀口检验凸双曲面反射镜时,一般采用传统的Hindle球检测法,但是在许多仪器中,需要曲面反射镜全口径使用,因此,Hindle球检测法是不合适的。此外,在很多情况下,刀口到待检非球面的距离很长,从而降低了刀口检验精度。为了解决这些问题,结合口径Φ=120mm的凸双曲面的检测,在分析了传统检验方法的基础上,提出了有限距离球面波入射的凸非球面透射补偿检验方法。从设计结果上看,它缩短了刀口到待检非球面的距离,获得高精度补偿。实践表明,这种方法不仅能够提高加工效率,而且提高了加工精度,实际加工完成后,这块凸双曲面的RMS值达到了λ/60。