Experimental Investigation on Temperature Characteristic and Temperature Control of Fiber Bragg Gratings

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Temperature Tuning of Casimir Effect

We theoretically investigate the additional correction to the Casimir effect due to the change of dielectric constant with temperature, which is different from the previous research that have widely taken dielectric constants of materials as a value independent of temperature. It is found that such a correction can go beyond 20% for some cases and it should not be ignored. Due to the prominent correction, it is possible to tune the Casimir force by such an effect.     

Temperature‐Sensitive Amorphous Polyurethanes

Abstract

Shape‐memory polymers based on segmental polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized from 1,3‐butane diol (1,3‐BD), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and characterized in terms of thermomechanical, dynamic mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties. It was found that soft segments (1,3‐BD and HDI) and hard segments (1,3‐BD and MDI) were well phase mixed to give a single glass transition temperature (T _g) that was easily controlled by hard segment content. With the increase in hard segment content, T _g, melt viscosity, rubbery plateau, modulus, relaxation time, and shape recovery increased, and shape fixability for repeated cycles decreased.     

Finite Temperature Schr?dinger Equation

We know Schr?dinger equation describes the dynamics of quantum systems, which don’t include temperature. In this paper, we propose finite temperature Schr?dinger equation, which can describe the quantum systems in an arbitrary temperature. When the temperature T=0, it become Shr?dinger equation.     

Tracy–Widom at High Temperature

We investigate the marginal distribution of the bottom eigenvalues of the stochastic Airy operator when the inverse temperature \(\beta \) tends to \(0\) . We prove that the minimal eigenvalue, whose fluctuations are governed by the Tracy–Widom \(\beta \) law, converges weakly, when properly centered and scaled, to the Gumbel distribution. More generally we obtain the convergence in law of the marginal distribution of any eigenvalue with given index \(k\) . Those convergences are obtained after a careful analysis of the explosion times process of the Riccati diffusion associated to the stochastic Airy operator. We show that the empirical measure of the explosion times converges weakly to a Poisson point process using estimates proved in Dumaz and Virág (Ann Inst H Poincaré Probab Statist 49(4):915–933, 2013). We further compute the empirical eigenvalue density of the stochastic Airy ensemble on the macroscopic scale when \(\beta \rightarrow 0\) . As an application, we investigate the maximal eigenvalues statistics of \(\beta _N\) -ensembles when the repulsion parameter \(\beta _N\rightarrow 0\) when \(N\rightarrow +\infty \) . We study the double scaling limit \(N\rightarrow +\infty , \beta _N \rightarrow 0\) and argue with heuristic and numerical arguments that the statistics of the marginal distributions can be deduced following the ideas of Edelman and Sutton (J Stat Phys 127(6):1121–1165, 2007) and Ramírez et al. (J Am Math Soc 24:919–944, 2011) from our later study of the stochastic Airy operator.     

Temperature Effect on Single Bubble Sonoluminescence

Experiments of the temperature effect on single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) are performed with a mixture of water and anti-freeze.Since experiments of constant pressure (keeping sound pressure constant) are not feasible for a wide temperature range,experiments of constant luminance (keeping light intensity stable),which reflect pure sensitivity of SBSL to temperature,are investigated.The results show that lower temperature needs less pressure to obtain the same light intensity,which means that lower temperature is better for SBSL.Numerical calculations show a qualitative agreement with experiments.     

Debye Temperature of the MgCNi3 Superconductor

We have determined the Dabye temperature of the MgCNi3 superconductor by using the Rietveld refinement method based on the powder x-ray diffraction data.MgCNi3 crystallizes in the cubic perovskite structure with space group Pm3m and lattice constant a=3.8089A.The temperature factors of the atoms Mg,C and Ni are 0.52,0.45 and 0.44,respectively.The Debye temperature of MgCNi3 is calculated to be ΘD=440K.     

Temperature dependence in atom–surface scattering

It is shown that a straightforward measure of the temperature dependence of energy resolved atom–surface scattering spectra measured under classical conditions can be related to the strength of the surface corrugation. Using classical perturbation theory combined with a Langevin bath formalism for describing energy transfer, explicit expressions for the scattering probabilities are obtained for both two-dimensional, in-plane scattering and full three-dimensional scattering. For strong surface corrugations results expressed as analytic closed-form equations for the scattering probability are derived which demonstrate that the temperature dependence of the scattering probability weakens with increasing corrugation strength. The relationship to the inelastic rainbow is briefly discussed.     

Electromagnetic Instabilities Excited by Electron Temperature Anisotropy

One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to investigate the nonlinear evolution of electromagnetic instabilities excited by the electron temperature anisotropy in homogeneous plasmas with different parameters. The results show that the electron temperature anisotropy can excite the two right-hand electromagnetic instabilities, one has the frequency higher than Ωe, the other is the whistler instability with larger amplitude, and its frequency is below Ωe. Their dispersion relations are consistent with the prediction from the cold plasma theory. In the initial growth stage (prediction from linear theory), the frequency of the dominant mode (the mode whose amplitude is large enough) of the whistler wave almost does not change, but in the saturation stage the situation is different. In the case that the ratio of electron plasma frequency to cyclotron frequency is larger than 1, the frequency of the dominant mode of the whistler wave driRs from high to low continuously. However, for the case of the ratio smaller than 1, besides the original dominant mode of the whistler wave whose frequency is about 2.6ωe, another dominant mode whose frequency is about 1.55ωe also begins to be excited at definite time, and its amplitude increases with time until it exceeds the original dominant mode.     

Design of Temperature Measurement and Control System

The temperature measurement and control system is based on MSP430F149 microcontroller which belongs to the Texas Instruments MSP430F149 series with low power consumption and high performance. The controller‘s temperature is changeable from 0 to 600, the hours during which the temperature keeps fiat are also changeable from 0 to 999min. To implement such control, we need to use keyboard to input the temperature and the hours expected.     

Finite Temperature Casimir Effect for Corrugated Plates

Using the path-integral method, the corrections to the Casimir energy due to the combined effect of surface roughness and the finite temperature are calculated. For the specific case of two sinusoidally corrugated plates, the lateral Casimir force at finite temperature is obtained. The amplitude of the lateral Casimir force has a maximum at an optimal wavelength of λ≈ 2H with the mean plate distance H. This optimal parameter relation is almost independent of temperature.     

Room—Temperature A1GaAsSb／InGaAsSb Multi—Quantum—Well Lasers with High Chraracteristic Temperature

Planar structure A1GaAsSb/InGaAsSb lasers operated at 2.01/zm with high characteristic temperature have been fabricated from a strained multiple quantum-well heterostructure. To decrease the free carrier induced absorption of optical mode in the mid-infrared, we design a broaden waveguide layer in the laser structures to decrease the optical mode distribution in the heavy doped cladding layer, therefore it can be absorbed easily. To enhance the characteristic temperature of laser diodes, A1 constituent up to 80% was applied to the A1GaAsSb cladding layer. The laser diodes with a threshold current density of 1.8 kA/cm2 can be pulsed operating up to 340 K. The characteristic temperature To is 125 K and 90 K in the operating temperature ranges 170-220 K and 230-340 K, resDectivelv. The emission spectrum shows a multiple longitudinal mode.     

Temperature range of the liquid–glass transition

It has been shown that the currently used method for calculating the temperature range of δT_g in the glass transition equation qτ_g = δT_g as the difference δT_g = (T₁₂–T₁₃) results in overestimated values, which is explained by the assumption of a constant activation energy of glass transition in deriving the calculation equation (T₁₂ and T₁₃ are the temperatures corresponding to the logarithmic viscosity values of logη = 12 and logη = 13). The methods for the evaluation of δT_g using the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation and the model of delocalized atoms are considered, the results of which are in satisfactory agreement with the product qτ_g (q is the cooling rate of the melt and τ_g is the structural relaxation time at the glass transition temperature). The calculation of τ_g for inorganic glasses and amorphous organic polymers is proposed.     

Non-resonant Triple-α Reaction Rate at Low Temperature

The triple α reaction rate in stars is quite important in many astrophysical scenarios including the stellar evolution and carbon synthesis in stars. Recently the non-resonant triple α reaction rate has been reevaluated using a calculation with the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method, which dramatically increased the rate at low temperature compared to the widely-used NACRE compilation. Since the enhancement influences strongly on astrophysical model simulations, we have planned an experiment for drawing conclusion on the non-resonant triple α reaction rate at low temperature by measuring the three-α continuum state in ¹²C. We report the present situation of the experiment.     

Temperature sensor based on PNR in Sagnac interferometer

A temperature sensor based on polarization non-reciprocity (PNR) in fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer (FSI) was proposed. The experimental study was made primarily and the results agree with theory well. Discussion shows that this kind of temperature sensor can achieve high precision and have great application potential.     

Temperature dependence of elastic constants in δ-Pu

It is shown that the variation of the bulk and shear moduli in δ-Pu in a temperature range of 300–500 K is due to the phonon redistribution between different vibrational modes caused by the dispersion of the Grüneisen coefficients (phonon viscosity). The constants of interaction of the high-frequency acoustic modes with a long-wavelength deformation induced by an ultrasonic wave are estimated.     

Analysis of Temperature Dependence of Silicon-on-Insulator Thermo-Optic Attenuator

The temperature dependence of silicon-on-insulator thermo-optic attenuators is analysed, which originates from the temperature dependence of characteristics of multimode interference. The attenuator depth and power consumption are independent of temperature while the insertion loss depends on the temperature heavily. The variation of the insertion loss decreases from 4.3 dB to i dB as the temperature increases from 273K to 343K.     

On the Calculation of the Debye Temperature and Crystal–Liquid Phase Transition Temperature of a Binary Substitution Alloy

A method of estimating the interatomic pair interaction potential parameters for a binary substitution alloy with consideration for the deviation of its lattice parameter from the Vegard law is proposed. This method is used as a basis to calculate the Debye temperature and Grüneisen parameters of a SiGe alloy. It is shown that all these function nonlinearly variate with a change in the germanium concentration. Based on this technique and Lindemann's melting criterion, a method for calculating the liquidus and solidus temperatures of a disordered substitution alloy is proposed. The method is tested on the SiGe alloy and demonstrates good agreement with experimental data. It is shown that when the size of a nanocrystal of a solid substitution solution decreases, the difference between the liquidus and solidus temperatures decreases the more, the more noticeably the nanocrystal shape is deflected from the most energetically optimal shape.

     

One ρ-Meson Exchange Potential at Finite Temperature

By means of the imaginary-time Green function method in finite-temperature field theory,one ρ-meson exchange potential at finite temperature is obtained.It is found that ρ-meson become lighter in terms of temperature increasing.The result is in good agreement with that obtained from scalling property of QCD.It is also found that temperature dependence of ρ-meson coupling constants is similar to that of,σ-meson coupling constants.