Rare decays of the tau lepton at Belle

We report recent results of searches for lepton flavor violation and second class current in decays of τ leptons using the data sample collected in the Belle experiment at the KEKB electron-positron asymmetricenergy collider.     

New results on the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g－2

Results on the lowest-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon magnetic anomaly are presented. They are based on the latest published experimental data used as input to the dispersion integral. Thus recent results on τ→υτππ^0 decays from Belle and on e^＋e^- annihilation to π^＋π^- from BABAR and KLOE are included. The new data, together with improved isospin-breaking corrections for τ decays, result into a much better consistency among the different results. A discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction and the direct g- 2 measurement is found at the level of 3σ.     

Recent progress on isospin breaking corrections and their impact on the muon g－2 value

We describe some recent results on isospin breaking corrections which are of relevance for predictions of the leading order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ^had.LO when using τ lepton data. When these corrections are applied to the new combined data on the π^±π^0 spectral function, the prediction for aμ^had.LO based on τ lepton data gets closer to the one obtained using e^＋e^- data.     

Searching for new physics in D^0→μ^＋ μ^-,e^＋e^-,μ^±e at BES and/or the super charm-tau factory

In contrast with B0-ˉB0, Bs-ˉBs mixing where the standard model（SM） contributions overwhelm that of the new physics beyond standard model（BSM）, a measured relatively large D0-ˉD0mixing where the SM contribution is negligible, definitely implies the existence of the new physics BSM. It is natural to consider that the rare decays of D meson might be more sensitive to new physics, and the decay mode D0→μ＋μ-could be an ideal area to search for new physics because it is a flavor changing process. In this work we look for a trace of the new physics BSM in the leptonic decays of D0. Concretely we discuss the contributions of unparticle or an extra gauge boson Z while imposing the constraints set by fitting the D0-ˉD0mixing data. We find that the long-distance SM effects for D0→lˉl still exceed those contributions of the BSM under consideration, but for a double-flavor changing process such as D0→μ±e, the new physics contribution would be significant.     

New Physics Effects on Rare Decays Bu^＋ → π^＋e^＋e^-, ρ^＋e^＋e^- in a Top Quark Two-Higgs-Doublet Model

Using the form factors from light-cone sum rules, we study the branching ratios and forward-backward asymmetries （FBAs） of the exclusive decays Bu^＋→π^＋e^＋e^- and Bu^＋ →ρ^＋e^＋e^- （e= e,μ） in the standard model （SM） and the top quark two-Higgs-doublet model （T2HDM）. From the numerical results, we find that the new physics contributions cannot provide very large enhancement to the branching ratios and the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the SM ones. The T2HDM effects on FBAs of these decays are small. Precision measurements of the dilepton invariant mass distributions, especially in the lower dilepton mass region, and the FBAs in the decays Bu^＋ → π^＋ （ρ^＋ ）e^＋ e^- will greatly help in discriminating among the SM and the new physics models.     

Rare Decay Process K→πvv^- in Three-Site Higgsless Model]

Rare decay processes K→πvv^- and KL→π^0vv^- are considered in the framework of three-site Higgsless model. The contributions of this new physics model to these two decay processes come from the new heavy gauge bosons and the correction terms for the couplings of the ordinary gauge bosons with fermions. Our numerical results show that the branching ratios of these two decay processes can be enhanced by 40% and 50% relative to those predicted by the standard model.     

Correlation time and diffusion coefficient imaging: application to a granular flow system

A parametric method for spatially resolved measurements for velocity autocorrelation functions, R(u)(tau) = , expressed as a sum of exponentials, is presented. The method is applied to a granular flow system of 2-mm oil-filled spheres rotated in a half-filled horizontal cylinder, which is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with velocity autocorrelation function R(u)(tau) = e(- ||tau ||/tau(c)), where tau(c) is the correlation time and D = tau(c) is the diffusion coefficient. The pulsed-field-gradient NMR method consists of applying three different gradient pulse sequences of varying motion sensitivity to distinguish the range of correlation times present for particle motion. Time-dependent apparent diffusion coefficients are measured for these three sequences and tau(c) and D are then calculated from the apparent diffusion coefficient images. For the cylinder rotation rate of 2.3 rad/s, the axial diffusion coefficient at the top center of the free surface was 5.5 x 10(-6) m(2)/s, the correlation time was 3 ms, and the velocity fluctuation or granular temperature was 1.8 x 10(-3) m(2)/s(2). This method is also applicable to study transport in systems involving turbulence and porous media flows.     

Rare decays ^-Bs,d^0→e^＋e^- in a top quark two-Higgs-doublet model

In the framework of T2HDM, we calculated the new physics contributions involving neutral Higgs bosons to the branching ratios of ^-Bs,d^0→e^＋e^-（e= e,μ） decays. Comparing the theoretical predictions with the experimental upper-limits, we found that （a） The data of Br（^-Bs,d^0→e^＋e^-） give the upper bound on tanβ： tanβ≤22, while Br（^-Bs^0→e^＋e^-） give tanβ≤12 for fixed δ = 0^0, mH＋ = 350 CeV, mH^0 = 160 GeV, mh^0 = 115 GeV and mA^0 = 120 GeV; （b） A light neutral Higgs boson mass mho （mA^0） less than 50 GeV （120 GeV） is excluded by the data of branching ratios for ^-Bs,d^0→e^＋e^-（e = μ） decays with tanβ= 10; （c） The bounds on mh^0 and tanβ, or mA^0 and tanβ are strongly correlated： a smaller （larger） tanβ means a lighter （heavier） neutral Higgs boson.     

Diffusion measurements with the aid of nutation spin echoes appearing after two inhomogeneous radiofrequency pulses in inhomogeneous magnetic fields

Nutation echoes are generated by radiofrequency (RF) pulses with an inhomogeneous amplitude, B(1) = B(1)(r), in inhomogeneous magnetic fields, B(0) = B(0)(r). The two gradients of strengths G(1) and G(0), respectively, must be aligned in parallel for a maximum echo signal. After two RF pulses, two echoes appear at times tau(a) = 2 tau(1) + tau(2) + (G(1)/G(0))tau(1) and tau(b) = 2 tau(1) + tau(2) + 2(G(1)/G(0))tau(1), where tau(1) is the RF pulse duration and tau(2) the interpulse interval. It is shown that these echoes can favorably be employed for the determination of self-diffusion coefficients even in the poor experimental situation one often faces in low-resolution or low-field NMR. The signal intensity is comparable to that of ordinary Hahn echoes. Diffusion coefficients and spin-lattice relaxation times can be evaluated from the same experimental data set if both nutation echoes are recorded. Test experiments are in good agreement with literature data. Applications of the technique to "inside out" NMR, well logging NMR, surface coil NMR, toroid cavity NMR, etc., are suggested.     

Source breakup dynamics in Au + Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV via three-dimensional two-pion source imaging

A three-dimensional correlation function obtained from midrapidity, low p(T), pion pairs in central Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV is studied. The extracted model-independent source function indicates a long range tail in the directions of the pion pair transverse momentum (out) and the beam (long). A proper breakup time tau(0) ~ 9 fm/c and a mean proper emission duration Delta tau ~ 2 fm/c, leading to sizable emission time differences ({|Delta t(LCM)|} approximately 12 fm/c), are required to allow models to be successfully matched to these tails. The model comparisons also suggest an outside-in "burning" of the emission source reminiscent of many hydrodynamical models.     

掺杂钐离子的邻苯二甲酸锌的光谱研究

应用微波反应方法制备了掺杂钐离子的邻苯二甲酸锌(Zn(Pht))化合物,采用XRD,FTIR,NIR FT-Raman,固体样品漫反射紫外-可见光谱(DRS UV/Vis),荧光光谱和热重分析(TG)对其结构进行了分析表征。傅里叶变换红外和拉曼分析表明,在化合物中邻苯二甲酸酐中邻位的二个羟酸根各以单齿和Zn配位,其π→π*的跃迁由255和289 nm移向235和270 nm。该化合物在240 nm的光激发下,在560,596,642和670 nm附近产生较强的发射峰,它们分别对应于Sm3+的从4G_5/2,6H_7/2,6H_9/2和6H_11/2激发态到基态的发射,结果表明,Zn(Pht)显著地提高了Sm3+的发射效率。在荧光寿命谱中,化合物以240 nm激发所产生的596和642 nm的发射峰,其荧光寿命分别为τ₁=1.57 ns,τ₂=76.94 ns和τ₁=1.19 ns,τ₂=55.64 ns。TG分析表明,所研究的化合物在380℃开始分解,具有较高的热稳定性。     

Thin-shell wormholes from the regular Hayward black hole

We discuss the formalism of the two Higgs doublet model of type III with CP violation from CP-even CP-odd mixing in the neutral Higgs bosons. The flavor-changing interactions among neutral Higgs bosons and fermions are presented at tree level in this type of model. These assumptions allow the study of rare top decays mediated by a neutral Higgs boson; particularly we are interested in $t\rightarrow c l^+l^-$ . For this process we estimate the upper bounds of the branching ratios $\mathrm{Br }(t\rightarrow c \tau ^+\tau ^-)$ of the order of $10^{-9}\sim 10^{-7}$ for a neutral Higgs boson mass equal to 125 GeV and $\tan \beta =1$ , 1.5, 2, 2.5. For the case of $t\rightarrow c \tau ^+\tau ^-$ the number of possible events is estimated to range from 1 to 10 events, which could be observed in future experiments at LHC with a luminosity of 300  $\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ and 14 TeV for the energy of the center of mass. Also we estimate that the number of events for the process $t\rightarrow c l^+l^-$ in different scenarios is of the order of 2,500.     

Measurement of the tau lepton mass and an upper limit on the mass difference between tau+ and tau-

The mass of the tau lepton has been measured in the decay mode tau-->3pinutau using a pseudomass technique. The result obtained from 414 fb-1 of data collected with the Belle detector is Mtau=[1776.61+/-0.13(stat)+/-0.35(sys)] MeV/c2. The upper limit on the relative mass difference between positive and negative tau leptons is |Mtau+-Mtau-|/Mtau<2.8 x 10-4 at 90% confidence level.     

Collective non-Abelian instabilities in a melting color glass condensate

We present first results for (3 + 1)D simulations of SU(2) Yang-Mills equations for matter expanding into the vacuum after a heavy ion collision. Violations of boost invariance cause a non-Abelian Weibel instability leading soft modes to grow with proper time tau as exp(gamma square root(g2 mu tau)), where g2 mu is a scale arising from the saturation of gluons in the nuclear wave function. The scale for the growth rate gamma is set by a plasmon mass, defined as omega(pl) = kappa0 square root(g2 mu/tau)), generated dynamically in the collision. We compare the numerical ratio gamma/kappa0 to the corresponding value predicted by the hard thermal loop formalism for anisotropic plasmas.     

First-Principles Calculations of Atomic and Electronic Properties of T1 and In on Si（111）

The atomic and electronic structures of T1 and In on Si（111） surfaces are investigated using the firstprinciples total energy calculations. Total energy optimizations show that the energetically favored structure is 1/3 ML T1 adsorbed at the T4 sites on Si（111） surfaces. The adsorption energy difference of one T1 adatom between （√3 × √3） and （1 × 1） is less than that of each In adatom. The DOS indicates that TI 6p and Si 3p electrons play a very important role in the formation of the surface states. It is concluded that the bonding of TI adatoms on Si（111） surfaces is mainly polar covalent, which is weaker than that of In on Si（111）. So T1 atom is more easy to be migrated than In atom in the same external electric field and the structures of T1 on Si（111） is prone to switch between （√3 × √3） and （1 × 1）.     

Study on the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT

Physical designing of the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT is carried out, which includes the deflecting voltage, the length and the width of the deflecting plates, and the gap between the deflecting plates. The most outstanding feature of the design is that both the gap and the width vary with the beam envelope size. So both the requried deflecting voltage and the loaded capacitance are lowered. In order to avoid destruction of the space charge neutralization by the pre-chopper in the whole LEBT, an electron-trapping electrode is arranged to confine the electrostatic field of the pre-chopper to the local area. To examine the reliability of the pre-chopping design in CSNS LEBT, a similar pre-chopping design in ADS RFQ LEBT is set up and an experiment on the pre-chopper is prepared. 3-dimensional simulations are carried out to determine the loaded capacitance and the applied voltage of the electron-trapping electrode.     

Synchronization in a Mutualism Ecosystem Induced by Noise Correlation

Understanding the cause of the synchronization of population evolution is an important issue for ecological improvement. Here we present a Lotka-Volterra-type model driven by two correlated environmental noises and show, via theoretical analysis and direct simulation, that noise correlation can induce a synchronization of the mutualists. The time series of mutual species exhibit a chaotic-like fluctuation, which is independent of the noise correlation, however, the chaotic fluctuation of mutual species ratio decreases with the noise correlation. A quantitative parameter defined for characterizing chaotic fluctuation provides a good approach to measure when the complete synchronization happens.     

Metric of States

Metric of quantum states plays an important role in quantum information theory. In this letter, we find the deep connection between quantum logic theory and quantum information theory. Using the method of quantum logic, we can get a famous inequality in quantum information theory, and we answer a question raised by S. Gudder.     

Remarks on interpretations of the Eotvos experiment and misinterpretation of E=mc^2

The Eotvos experiment on the verification of equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass of a body is famous for its accuracy. A question is, however, can these experimental results be applied to the case of a physical space in general relativity, where the space coordinates could be arbitrary？ It is pointed out that it can be validly applied because it has been proven that Einstein＇s equivalence principle for a physical space must have a frame of reference with the Euclidean-like structure. Will claimed further that such an overall accuracy can be translated into an accuracy of the equivalence between inertial mass and each type of energy. It is shown that, according to general relativity, such a claim is incorrect. The root of this problem is due to an inadequate understanding of special relativity that produced the famous equation E=mc^2, which must be understood in terms of energy conservation. Concurrently, it is pointed out that this error is a problem in Will＇s book, ‘Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics＇.     

Design and construction progress of BRIF

A new RIB project, the Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility （BRIF）, has been running at CIAE since 2004. In this project, a 100 MeV H-cyclotron, CYCIAE-100, is selected as the driving accelerator providing a 75-100 MeV, 200-500 μA proton beam. An ISOL system employs two stage separators to reach the mass resolution of 20000. Its RIB beam will be injected into the existing Tandem and a superconducting booster installed down stream of the Tandem will increase the energy by 2 MeV/q. The progress of BRIF, giving special emphasis to CYCIAE-100, will be introduced in this paper.