N-(取代嘧啶-2'-基)-2-三氟乙酰氨基苯磺酰脲的合成及除草活性

磺酰脲类除草剂是近 2 0年来开发出的超高效、广谱、低毒和高选择性除草剂 .在已研究的磺酰脲分子中 ,芳环的邻位取代基多为酯基、卤素、取代烷氧基、三氟甲基等 [1,2 ] ,而邻位取代基为酰胺基的甚少 .为寻找高活性的磺酰脲化合物 ,本文将活性基团三氟乙酰氨基引入磺酰脲分子中 ,合成了 1 0种 N - (取代嘧啶 - 2 -基 ) - 2 -三氟乙酰氨基苯磺酰脲 (其中 9种为新化合物 ,4b～ 4j) ,并改进了实验方法 ,使产率明显提高 .同时还测定了它们的除草活性 ,其中一些化合物具有良好的活性 .合成路线如下 :　　 X- 4数字显示显微熔点仪 ,温度计未校正…     

2-芳基戊二酸酯的合成

在K2CO3-TEBA相转移催化体系中,4位或2位含有—NO2的苯磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯发生加成-重排反应,制得2-芳基戊二酸酯,其收率较高(73%～87%)。研究了反应物-芳磺酰基乙酸酯苯环上取代基对加成-重排反应的影响,发现只有当芳环上4位或2位有硝基时,在K2CO3-TEBA相转移催化体系中,芳磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯反应才可发生加成-重排反应,生成2-芳基戊二酸酯,其机理可能是芳磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯首先发生Michael加成反应,随后加成产物发生分子内的亲核取代,酸化后脱去SO2得2-芳基戊二酸酯。而当芳环上4位或2位含有给电子基团(如,甲基)或弱吸电子基团(如,氯)时,却只能发生正常的Michael加成反应,生成相应的2-芳磺酰基戊二酸酯。     

4-芳氧乙(丙)酰氨基苯磺酰胺的合成与除草活性

芳氧羧酸;4-芳氧乙(丙)酰氨基苯磺酰胺的合成与除草活性     

N,N′—二(芳磺酰)磺酰亚胺—S—(2—苯并咪唑)钠、银盐的合成及应用

芳磺酰氯胺钠是一类化学活性很强的物质,由它们参予的许多反应已引起化学工作者浓厚的兴趣。Boberg,Koide和Bruchmann等在这方面做了很多工作。Bruchmann用2—巯基吡啶酮与二分子芳磺酰氯胺钠(氯胺T,氯胺Cl,氯胺N,氯胺B和氯胺M)合成了相应的N,N′—二(芳磺酰)磺酰亚胺—S—(2—吡啶)钠盐化合物。众所周知2—巯基苯并咪     

含芳硫醚结构的新型酰胺衍生物的设计、合成和生物活性（英文）

在前期工作中,含芳硫醚(砜)结构的系列酰胺衍生物在200μg/mL浓度下显示出了优异的杀线虫活性.为了细致研究氟吡菌酰胺中酰胺桥结构修饰对生物活性的影响,通过采取酰胺键翻转、引入N-磺酰基取代的酰胺键,设计、合成了两系列结构新颖的含芳硫醚的酰胺化合物.生物活性测定显示,酰胺桥结构修饰对目标化合物的杀线虫活性和杀菌活性影响较大.其中,相对于化合物Ⅰ,化合物Ⅱ中酰胺键上N-磺酰基的引入有利于改善杀线虫活性.分子对接发现,酰胺桥中羰基或者磺酰基与芳香环直接相连对杀线虫活性是有利的.     

1-芳酰基-3-(4-苯磺酰胺嘧啶)硫脲类化合物的合成

研究了以无水乙腈为溶剂,通过芳酰异硫氰酸酯与磺胺嘧啶的加成反应合成12个新的1-芳酰基-3-(4-苯磺酰胺嘧啶)硫脲、生物测试指出化合物对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、变型杆菌有很强的抑制作用.此外,1-苯酰基-3-(4-苯磺酰胺嘧啶)硫脲和1-(P-氯代苯酰基 )-3-(4-苯磺酰胺嘧啶)硫脲对金黄色葡萄球菌也有很强的抑制作用.     

新型取代芳脲磺酰基苯氧丙酸酯的合成及除草活性

以α-对氯磺酰基苯氧基丙酸酯为原料,经氨化、甲酰化和胺解反应,合成了10个新型的取代芳脲磺酰基苯氧丙酸酯(4a~4 j),其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析确证。生测结果表明,4a~4 j均有一定的除草活性。     

(-)-N-芳硫基樟脑内磺酰胺的合成及其与β-酮酯的反应

(1S)-(-)-2,10-樟脑内磺酰胺与原位生成的芳基硫氯反应，制得系列亲电性N-芳硫基樟脑内磺酰胺试剂（1a~1c），并将其应用于与β-酮酯活泼氢的不对称亲电取代反应，合成了具有光学活性的α-芳硫基-β-酮酯衍生物。考察了试剂结构、底物酯基的体积及环大小、添加剂种类及用量，以及溶剂、温度等反应条件对手性诱导效率的影响。初步实验结果表明：以(1S)-(-)-N-对甲基苯硫基樟脑内磺酰胺（1a）为亲电试剂，六元环β-酮甲酯为底物，甲苯为溶剂，碳酸钾为碱，室温反应48 h，α-芳硫基-β-酮酯的收率可达91%，对映选择性达40%ee。      

芳氧基稀土化合物引发开环聚合的活性

综述了近十年来芳氧基稀土化合物在引发内酯、丙交酯和环碳酸酯开环聚合的研究进展,在整理聚合条件、聚合产物收率和分子量、聚合反应动力学和机理的基础上,比较了苯环上不同位置不同取代基的芳氧基配体对开环聚合反应活性的影响,得到以下结论:(1) 三(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯氧基)稀土化合物[Ln(26B4M)3]的活性最高,无取代基芳氧基稀土化合物(La(P)3)没有活性;(2)邻位叔丁基能提高活性,一个叔丁基与两个甲基效果相近;(3)甲基影响作用相对叔丁基较小,甲基越多活性越大.     

N-(5'-溴-4'-取代嘧啶-2'-基)苯磺酰脲化合物的合成和生物活性

乙酰羟基酸合成酶(Acetohydroxyacid synthase,AHAS,EC 4.1.3.18)是植物和微生物中亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸合成途径的一个关键酶,以AHAS为靶标的磺酰脲类除草剂具有高效、高选择性和对环境友好的特点.通过2-氨基-4-甲基嘧啶溴代反应以及进一步的衍生、磺酰基异氰酸酯的胺解,合成了一系列含有5-溴嘧啶基的新磺酰脲.其结构经1H NMR、质谱和元素分析确定.生物活性测试表明目标化合物在离体水平对大肠杆菌乙酰羟基酸合成酶同工酶AHASⅡ表现出了与市售除草剂苯磺隆相当甚至更优的抑制活性,而盆栽除草活性低于苯磺隆.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。