近场研究表面等离子体在银纳米线上的传输

通过双探针近场光学扫描显微镜在银纳米线上实现近场激发和近场收集表面等离子体,用一个探针在银纳米线的一端近场激发表面等离子体,另一个探针近场探测银纳米线上的表面等离子体强度分布,得到强度分布图.强度分布图显示表面等离子体在银纳米线的一端被有效激发并且有一部分表面等离子体沿着银纳米线和基底的界面传播到了另一端.用有限元法对银纳米线内的传播模式进行数值模拟,结果显示银纳米线内存在两种表面等离子体传播模式,分别为基模和高阶模.沿着银纳米线和基底介质之间传输的基模表面等离子体由于传输环境稳定,散射损耗小,实际传输长度接近模式传输长度,达10μm以上;而高阶模表面等离子体由于部分裸露在空气中受表面缺陷散射的影响,散射损耗大,实际传输长度远小于模式传输长度.研究表明:以能量高度束缚的基模表面等离子体作为载体,不仅可以实现低损耗传输,还可以减小集成器件之间的信号串扰,有效提高信息传输的安全性,在集成光学中具有重要应用.     

一种新的基于最小平方逼近的广角光束传播方法

用最小平方逼近展开传播算子，实现了一种新的半矢量显式高阶有限差分光束传播方法-这种方法中不需要选择参考折射率，并在整个传播常数（包括辐射模的传播常数）分布区域进行逼近，解决了在泰勒展开和庞德逼近中存在的参考折射率选择和远离展开点误差增大等问题-用这种方法对几种典型波导结构进行了数值模拟，模拟结果验证了算法的正确性和可靠性- 关键词： 光束传播方法 有限差分 集成光学 数值方法     

广义超几何光束在ABCD光学系统中的传播

新型特殊模式激光柬的传播是激光应用研究的基础和重要课题.利用柯林(Collins)积分公式研究了广义超几何光束在ABCD近轴光学系统中的传播行为,得到了光束在输出平面复振幅的解析表达式.结果表明,其传播后的复振幅分布与库默尔(Kummer)函数成正比.通过将Kummer函数展开成级数,获得了光束在输出平面复振幅的模的级数形式,从该级数町以看出,广义超几何光束在ABCD近轴光学系统中传播时的模式结构一般是要发生变化的.作为特殊光学系统,讨论了自由空间传播时近场和远场衍射近似表达式,它们均为一系列同心圆环,空间频率随径向坐标增加而增加,近场衍射时横向模式结构保持不变,而远场衍射时则发生变化.给出了光束的归一化系数,分析了该光束一些简化模式与高斯光束的关系.     

一维周期结构散射近-远场外推的两种方法

 首先讨论了自由空间中一维周期结构近-远场外推的Floquet模方法,即对FDTD计算所得散射近场中输出边界上散射场进行级数展开,求出各阶Floquet模的复数幅值,再求得远区场。接着介绍了求解一维周期结构远区散射场的周期Green函数方法,即根据FDTD计算所得散射近场中输出边界上散射场,求得等效面电磁流后,再借助周期Green函数进行外推得到远区场。两种方法均仅用一个周期单元内的散射近场进行外推。计算结果验证了上述两种方法外推的有效性。     

二维正方晶格光子晶体平板的近场成像特性

光子晶体是由两种或两种以卜不同介电函数的材料周期性排列组成的一种人工晶体.由于介电甬数的周期性分布对入射光的调制作用,使得特定频率区域的人射光在光子晶体中传播时的群速度方向和相速度方向相反,因而使得光子晶体平板表现出负折射特性.系统研究了介质柱的形状对二维正方品格光子品体近场成像特性的影响.通过对分别由正方形、三角形、椭网形、长方形等形状介质柱组成的二维正方品格光子晶体平板近场成像特性的理论分析,发现当介质柱形状的对称性降低到一定程度后可以实现光子晶体近场成像的纵向平移.进一步通过对相应等频率曲线形状的分析,明确了光子晶体近场成像是由于自准直效应和负折射效应的共同作用形成的.     

适用于循环平稳声场的基于波叠加法的近场声全息技术

在原有的平面循环平稳近场声全息基础上,提出一种基于波叠加法的循环平稳近场声全息技术,可以对具有复杂表面的声源进行全息重建,重建的声源表面声压谱相关密度函数能反映出调制信号的信息.声源表面声压谱相关密度函数全息图形象地反映了调制信号在表面的强弱分布情况,可由此确定调制信号源的产生位置.仿真分析和实验验证表明,基于波叠加法的循环平稳近场声全息技术可以更准确地反映循环平稳声场的调制特性.该方法继承了波叠加法的优点,无需计算边界奇异积分,计算效率高、精度好. 关键词： 近场声全息 循环平稳信号 波叠加     

耦合径向基函数与多项式基函数的无网格方法

耦合径向基函数和多项式基函数,形成一种新的近似函数.该近似函数对散乱分布的离散数据点进行逼近时,只需节点信息,不需要划分网格.详细描述了耦合近似函数的建立、属性、插值行为及其形函数和形函数导数的性质.最后引入修正变分原理和单位分解积分技术求解边值问题,并给出了计算实例,表明耦合径向基函数和多项式基函数是一种非常有效的方法.     

适用于循环平稳声场的基于波叠加法的近场声全息技术

在原有的平面循环平稳近场声全息基础上，提出一种基于波叠加法的循环平稳近场声全息技术，可以对具有复杂表面的声源进行全息重建，重建的声源表面声压谱相关密度函数能反映出调制信号的信息.声源表面声压谱相关密度函数全息图形象地反映了调制信号在表面的强弱分布情况，可由此确定调制信号源的产生位置.仿真分析和实验验证表明，基于波叠加法的循环平稳近场声全息技术可以更准确地反映循环平稳声场的调制特性.该方法继承了波叠加法的优点，无需计算边界奇异积分，计算效率高、精度好.     

基于三维磁成像的近场磁性体探测

提出一种近场条件下未知磁源的三维磁成像方法.考虑到大多数磁性体不仅受背景磁场磁化,本身也带有较强剩磁,将观测面上的磁场转换为磁场矢量异常模量,并建立目标函数进行最优化求解,以得到符合观测磁场特征的磁性体磁化模型.仿真和实验表明：此方法可有效消除剩磁对反演结果的影响,能够实现对近场多个磁源磁化率分布的成像,验证了所提方法用于探测隐含磁体位置和形状的可行性.     

基于支持向量回归的patch近场声全息研究

为了解决patch近场声全息中全息数据外推问题,提出一种基于支持向量回归的一步式patch近场声全息技术。该方法首先把初始全息面上的数据当成训练样本进行学习,构造出回归函数,然后利用回归函数实现全息数据外推,最后基于统计最优近场声全息进行重建。数值仿真和实验研究的结果表明:在各个分析频率下,该方法都可以实现小孔径全息面的近场外推。从近场声全息重建结果看,即使初始全息数据受到噪声干扰,该方法也是一种有效的patch近场声全息技术。      

Distribution function of the intensity of optical waves in random systems

Statistics of coherent radiation propagating in a random medium is analyzed in the framework of diagram technique. The distribution function for radiation intensity is calculated and it is shown, that only for small values of the argument the distribution function is a simple exponential, as predicted by Rayleigh statistics. For larger values of intensity the distribution function differs drastically from the simple exponential, and the asymptotical behavior is a stretched exponential. The results obtained are confirmed by numerical simulations.     

OFLID: Simple method of overlap factor calculation with laser intensity distribution for biaxial lidar

We proposed a simple overlap factor calculation method based on laser intensity distribution (OFLID), which is simple, practical and can be applied to any specific laser intensity distribution. In order to obtain the laser intensity distribution and parameters of our laser system, we designed a simple experiment to measure them, and then simulated an ideal Gaussian and uniform laser intensity distribution with the measured parameters. The OFLID calculation results indicated that the overlap factor of the measured distribution has approximately half the relative error of that of the ideal Gaussian distribution in the increasing range field for our lidar. Specifically, the laser intensity distribution should be regarded in the overlap correction of the lidar signal. Theoretically, the OFLID method can reduce the error caused by the hypothesis of ideal uniform or Gaussian intensity distributions in the analytical method. In addition, the method is easy to implement for overlap correction, signal simulation and system configuration optimization for biaxial lidar.     

A quantum viewpoint of gravitational radiation

A simple quantum viewpoint of gravitational radiation is given. The starting point is the definition of the amplitude that a given source distribution of matter emits a graviton of goven momentum and helicity. From the corresponding probability distribution of the number of gravitons of a given energy, the classic slow motion expression for the power loss follows in a simple and lucid manner. Special attention is also given to the gauge terms in the analysis.     

焦距法测试自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数

本文介绍了一种测量自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数的方法─—焦距法，并进行了原理公式推导，和精度分析，其测量不确定度为±１×１０￣（－３）；其次，简要地介绍了实验方法。实验结果证明了焦距法是测量自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数的简单实用的方法，它具有装置简单、数据处理也不复杂的特点，是一种非破坏性的测试方法。     

Some relations for the far-field distribution of semiconductor lasers with gain-guiding

Simple relations for the phase distribution of the fundamental mode of gain-guided lasers are derived, yielding simple, approximate analytic expressions for the far-field distribution parallel to the junction in the case of strong astigmatism. It is shown that the shape of the far-field distribution is essentially determined solely by the distribution of the effective refractive index parallel to the active layer. The relations may be used for any shape of the effective refractive index distribution to yield simple arguments as to why there are lasers which exhibit far-field distributions with double as well as triple maxima. Because of the simplicity of the expressions for the far-field distribution it is also possible to make an estimate of the shape of the carrier profile, once the near-field and far-field intensity distributions are known. In addition, a general relation between the normalized fundamental mode gain and the shape of the far-field distribution is given.     

Generating Simple Random Graphs with Prescribed Degree Distribution

Let F be a probability distribution with support on the non-negative integers. Four methods for generating a simple undirected graph with (approximate) degree distribution F are described and compared. Two methods are based on the so called configuration model with modifications ensuring a simple graph, one method is an extension of the classical Erdös-Rényi graph where the edge probabilities are random variables, and the last method starts with a directed random graph which is then modified to a simple undirected graph. All methods are shown to give the correct distribution in the limit of large graph size, but under different assumptions on the degree distribution F and also using different order of operations.     

Model experiments on acoustic tomography of the nonlinear parameter

It is shown experimentally that the scattering of sound by sound can be observed outside the region of interaction between primary waves and that it carries information on the spatial distribution of the scatterer’s nonlinear characteristics. Based on this effect, a simple method for reconstructing the distribution of the nonlinear parameter by using complex-modulated broadband primary signals and a small number of transmit and receive transducers is implemented. The possibility of reconstructing a two-dimensional distribution of a nonlinear parameter inhomogeneity with the use of only three transducers (two transmitters and one receiver) without additional scanning in the aspect angle is demonstrated. This simple scheme loses information on the low-frequency components of the scatterer’s spatial spectrum and reconstructs the distribution of only the spatial variations of the nonlinear parameter.     

Observation of interaction fields in the assembly of single domain particles

A simple method is proposed for the observation of interaction in the assembly of single domain particles based on registration of anhysteretic remanent magnetization. In contrast to established methods relied on isothermal magnetization, the proposed method is more sensitive to the weak interaction and helps to find the distribution of the particles in the interaction fields. The method is very simple: a differentiating of a single experimental curve is enough to obtain the distribution. Verification of the method was performed on the samples of different origins and proved a good correlation of experimental results and numerical estimations.     

Statistical equilibrium in simple exchange games II. The redistribution game

We propose a simple stochastic exchange game mimicking taxation and redistribution. There are g agents and n coins; taxation is modeled by randomly extracting some coins; then, these coins are redistributed to agents following Polya's scheme. The individual wealth equilibrium distribution for the resulting Markov chain is the multivariate symmetric Polya distribution. In the continuum limit, the wealth distribution converges to a Gamma distribution, whose form factor is just the initial redistribution weight. The relationship between this taxation-and-redistribution scheme and other simple conservative stochastic exchange games (such as the BDY game) is discussed.     

Some properties of multifractality at solid-on-solid growth processes

It is shown that multifractality of large deposition probabilities observed in a simple model of crystal growth (the Das Sarma model with neglected surface diffusion, desorption, and hop) corresponds to another type of statistical distribution: multifractal Bernoulli distribution. Lognormal distribution is also discussed in this context.