水的热膨胀的特点演示的探讨

初中物理:“水的热膨胀的特点”的演示在我数年的教学中一直没有做过,这主要是因为:当堂演示太费时间又和讲课配合不好,如让学生等着看实验结果,则大部同学感到索然无味,如不等结果而先讲其他内容,则又打乱了课堂的系统性。加以有些学校根本没有水的最大密度演示器,因之过去讲这一节时,往往只用挂图一讲了事。但后来在物理通报上看到一些老师对这个演示采取了各种不同的方法,从而取得了较好的成绩。为了提高教学质量,我把通报上前后所介绍的几种方法都做了几遍,从不断变换着的操作中给了我新的启示,我又用了     

冰的熔解热实验装置的改进

将保温杯引入到测定冰熔解热的实验中,提高了实验装置的保温性能;利用马达和风扇自制了搅拌装置,保证了搅拌均匀性;利用单片机、传感器模块和液晶屏实现了温度数显功能,提高了实验精度.通过对比改进前后的实验装置的实验数据可知,改进后的实验装置有效地减小了实验误差.     

核物质的物态方程的研究

在相对论σ–ω模型的单圈图近似下,详细推导了核物质的能量密度和压强密度表达式,数值计算了核物质的结合能和压强随核密度的变化,并分别在热力学和流体力学的理论框架下,计算了核物质的压强密度,结果表明这两种方法得到的压强密度相同.     

基于Matlab的计算全息图的制作与数字再现的研究

 应用Matlab语言,结合博奇型计算全息的编码方法,利用计算机分别绘制了菲涅耳全息图和傅里叶变换全息图,实现了计算全息图的快速制作,讨论了制作计算全息图的原理、方法和步骤。利用CGH技术和数字全息技术所生成的全息图再现出原始图像,完成了全息图的数字重现,实现了整个全息记录和再现过程的计算机模拟。与传统的编程语言和绘图方法相比较,该算法在实现上更加简单和快捷,并且带有一系列提高计算全息图质量的措施,有效地消除了零级像和孪生像的影响,获得了清晰的数字再现图像。     

基于Matlab的同态滤波器的优化设计

介绍同态滤波器的基本原理,基于Matlab软件,设计了适用的同态滤波器模型,并给出了其表达式参数,在此基础上,将同态滤波方法应用到彩色图像的光照补偿和对比度增强中。结果表明:经处理后的图像,局部对比度增强效果明显,较好地保持了图像的原始面貌,取得了预期的理想滤波效果。基于Matlab的同态滤波,能更好地适合人眼的视觉特性,提供了图像分析与判读的一种新方法。     

基于改进的质心定位的LSSVR算法的设计

针对无线传感中基于质心算法的节点定位存在误差比较大,算法效率低的缺点,提出了一种基于加权的LSSVR的节点定位算法;首先,对未知节点构建节点序列相关度,采用Kendall的Tau指标来估计未知节点的位置,提高了未知节点的定位精度,其次引入了LSSVR概念,构建改进质心算法的LSSVR定位模型,降低了噪声影响,大幅度提高定位精度;仿真实验表明该算法与基本的LSSVR算法在定位精度上有了明显的提高,在锚节点,未知节点所占比例不断增大的情况下该算法定位精度具有很大的提高,降低了算法的计算复杂度,具有较高的应用价值。     

两类似是而非的浮体问题的求解

分析研究了浮体的两类似是而非的问题的求解,给出了正确的结果,并从本质上对两类问题进行了分析,得到了其等效性结论.     

自由落体实验的改进

针对教材中自由落体实验操作的不稳定性,改进了实验,增强了实验操作的稳定性,提高了实验的精确度,减少了实验次数,节省了时间,提高了课堂效率.     

基于图像压缩算法的计算复杂度的讨论

多级树集合分裂算法是一种简单有效的嵌入式零树编码算法,但它需要多次重复运算,复杂程度高,降低了编码效率.针对该算法的不足,提出了一种改进的多级树集合分裂算法,在相同的小波变换条件下,通过增加零树深度,减少了表示位置信息的系数,提高了表示有效系数的信息,该算法改变了原来的扫描顺序,便于并行处理.实验表明在压缩性能相同的情况下,提高了编码效率.     

基于LabVIEW的单摆振动图像的探究实验

针对传统实验的不足,结合数据采集和虚拟仪器测量技术,开发了基于LabVIEW的单摆振动图像的探究实验装置,实现了单摆振动图像的绘制、单摆周期的测量和当地重力加速度的计算,直观地展示了单摆振动图像,提高了可视化效果和测量精度,降低操作难度,并将单摆振动图像演示实验和用单摆测定重力加速度实验进行了整合,提高了测量效率.     

Thin film adhesion modification by MeV ion beams: A model based on ion track concepts

Abstract

A semi-empirical model, based on concepts used to explain the process of track formation in insulators, has been applied to the experimental observation of improved film adhesion produced by MeV ion irradiation. Good agreement is obtained with experimental data for the system of gold film on native oxides of tantalum. The model uses a single free parameter, e ₀, which represents the threshold energy density for the process responsible for the improved bonding. The significance of this parameter is discussed in terms of possible ionisation induced interface phenomena.     

Monte Carlo simulations of dynamic phase transitions in ultrathin Blume–Capel films

Dynamic phase transition phenomena in ultrathin films described by the Blume–Capel model have been investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Hysteresis loops, micromagnetic structures, and hysteresis loop area curves, as well as dynamic correlation between the magnetization and the external field have been studied as functions of the field, as well as the film parameters. The variation of critical coupling of the modified film surface at which the transition temperature becomes independent of film thickness has been clarified for varying system parameters. Frequency dispersion of hysteresis loop area has been found to obey a power law for low and moderate frequencies for both ordinary and enhanced surfaces.     

Study of interfacial polarization phenomena in organic films by MDC,SHG and surface potential measurement

Carrier injection, carrier separation, and carrier transport in the films are key processes in organic devices. Therefore, the understanding of interfacial electrostatic phenomena is of crucial importance. From the view point of dielectric physics, we have been studying the surface polarization phenomena. Using Maxwell displacement current (MDC) measurement, optical second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement, and Kelvin-probe surface potential measurement, surface polarization phenomena at the interfaces have been elucidated experimentally and theoretically. This paper describes how the surface polarization phenomena can be clarified by these measurements. Finally, our experiment on evaporated Alq₃ film is shown.     

Detection of nano-interfacial space charge field at metal–organic film interface by SHG and surface potential

At the metal–organic film nano-interface, surface polarization phenomena are observed, due to the displacement of excess charges from metal to the films as well as alignment of polar dipoles. Surface potential method has been employed to examine these surface polarization phenomena, and the distribution of space charges and distribution of electronic density of states have been determined. However, for further understanding of the nanometric interface phenomena, it is very helpful to develop an experimental method that can detect electrical and optical phenomena induced by the space charge formation. In this paper, it is shown that optical second harmonic generation measurement is effective through our experiment on phthalocyanine films deposited on Al and Au electrodes.     

Electrical and emission properties of current-carrying silver cluster films detected by an emission electron microscope

Silver cluster films deposited on glass or sapphire have been investigated using an emission electron microscope when a voltage was applied across the film. The electric field distribution in the silver cluster film was measured exploiting the image distortion with increasing voltage. The electron and photon emission originating from the cluster film was visualized. The latter phenomena are correlated with a deviation from Ohmic behavior of the conductivity curve. PACS 68.37.Xy; 73.61.At; 79.90.+b     

迈克耳孙干涉仪实验中等倾干涉环的计算机模拟

根据薄膜干涉原理分析了迈克耳孙干涉仪实验中的等倾干涉现象,得到了接收屏上的光强分布与入射角的关系．采用计算机模拟的方法,用Matlab编写程序,运行后得到了迈克耳孙干涉仪等倾干涉环的图样．     

光学薄膜的等离子体离子镀的研究

根据薄膜沉积过程等离子体对光学薄膜膜蒸气分子或原子的作用，建立低压等离子体离子镀设备，并对常规光学薄膜、如硫化物、氧化物薄膜以及多层膜器件进行了系统的研究，对所制备薄膜样品的透射光谱、吸收、散射以及膜层的聚集密度等进行了全面的测试分析。实验研究表明，低压等离子体离子镀可大大提高常规光学薄膜的光机性能。     

Physical aging of glassy PMMA/toluene films: Influence of drying/swelling history

Gravimetry experiments in a well-controlled environment have been performed to investigate aging for a glassy PMMA/toluene film. The temperature is constant and the control parameter is the solvent vapor pressure above the film (i.e. the activity). Several experimental protocols have been used, starting from a high activity where the film is swollen and rubbery and then aging the film at different activities below the glass transition. Desorption and resorption curves have been compared for the different protocols, in particular in terms of the softening time, i.e. the time needed by the sample to recover an equilibrium state at high activity. Non-trivial behaviors have been observed, especially at small activities (deep quench). A model is proposed, extending the Leibler-Sekimoto approach to take into account the structural relaxation in the glassy state, using the Tool formalism. This model well captures some of the observed phenomena, but fails in describing the specific kinetics observed when aging is followed by a short but deep quench.     

Formation of disperse particles under high-power ion beam irradiation of metals with a coating

Metal systems based on aluminum and copper coated with nickel irradiated by a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and local X-ray microanalysis. Dispersed particles of micro- and nanosizes have been found on the surface target. Their composition and formation mechanism differ. It has been shown that microparticles were formed during mixing of film and target atoms and consisted of corresponding components. Nanoparticles were mainly composed of the coating material, and their formation was associated with the dispersion of the Ni film due to the presence of a thin oxide layer on the sample surface. The deposition of Ni ablated by a high-power ion beam can affect the formation of nanoparticles.     

The influence of stress in solid-solid interdiffusion

The causes and importance of mechanical stress in solid-solid interdiffusion are discussed, and it is pointed out that analogous phenomena have been observed in corrosion studies. This suggests a number of experiments which could be carried out during thin film interdiffusion, for example on semiconductors.