Grating light modulator for projection display

A novel grating light modulator for projection display is introduced. It consists of an upper moveable grating, a bottom mirror, and four supporting posts between them. The moveable grating and the bottom mirror compose a phase grating whose phase difference is controlled by the actuating voltage. When the phase difference is 2kπ, the grating light modulator will switch the incident light to zero-order diffraction; when the phase difference is （2k - 1）π, the grating light modulator will diffract light to first-order diffraction. A 16 × 16 modulator array is fabricated by the surface micromachining technology. The device works well when it is actuated by a voltage with 1-kHz frequency and 10-V amplitude. The fabricated grating light modulator can show blackness and brightness when controlled by the voltage. This modulator has potential applications in projection display system.     

S波段多路径向线功率分配器的设计与实验

为了实现高功率微波的多路等幅同相功率分配,提出了一种新型的使用单圈探针耦合的多路径向线功率分配器。通过对新型探针耦合特性的分析,设计了一个S波段的16路功率分配器模型,并对该模型进行了数值模拟和实验测量。实验结果表明:该功率分配器在2.55~3.15 GHz的频带范围内,驻波比小于1.4,插入损耗小于0.3 dB,输出幅度不平衡度小于±0.5 dB,输出相位不平衡度小于±5°,可以在较宽的频带内实现微波的等幅同相功率分配。     

Experimental study of an actively mode-locked fiber ring laser based on in-fiber amplitude modulation

We report an experimental study of an actively mode-locked fiber ring laser based on the development of an efficient in-fiber amplitude modulator. Intermodal coupling induced by standing flexural acoustic waves permits the implementation of broad bandwidth (1.5 nm), high modulation depth (72%), low-insertion-loss (0.75 dB), in-fiber amplitude modulators, operating in the MHz frequency range. The experimental characterization of the laser as a function of the radio frequency voltage that controls the modulator, the length of the active fiber, and the optical bandwidth of an intracavity filter implemented with a fiber Bragg grating has led to an improved performance of the Erbium-doped fiber laser: optical pulses of 34-ps temporal width, 1.4-W peak power, and 4.75-MHz repetition rate.     

Measurement of modulation index and half-wave voltage of an electro-optical phase modulator with a dispersion-based phase filter

In this paper, a novel method based on the use of an optical phase filter is proposed to evaluate the modulation index, as well as the half-wave voltage of an optical phase modulator. When a phase modulated signal propagates along the length of a dispersive fiber, the fiber dispersion acts as an optical phase filter and spectrally alters the relative phasing of the phase modulated signal, causing the phase modulation to become intensity modulation, which allows the swept frequency measurement of phase modulators by using a vector network analyzer. The modulation index and half-wave voltage as a function of the modulation frequency are experimentally measured for a commercial phase modulator, which agree well with the results obtained using the widely accepted optical spectrum analysis method. The proposed method requires only a length of dispersive fiber and works without any small-signal approximation, which is applicable for different driving levels and operating wavelengths with the same setup.     

Birefringent filter with amplitude beats

In this work, we show a very simple birefringent filter useful to modulate a broadband light spectrum. We first show the generation of various oscillating spectra using two identical multiple-order waveplates. In particular a sinusoidal broadband spectrum with a rapid oscillation is obtained. This spectrum is amplitude modulated by adding another waveplate to the system. This waveplate has a small phase shift, and with the proper orientation generates amplitude beats on the broadband spectrum. Finally, we show how this system can be voltage controlled by means of a ferroelectric liquid crystal modulator. We experimentally demonstrate this behavior with the aid of a portable spectrophotometer, and we provide a theoretical explanation on the basis of the Jones matrix formalism.     

Femtosecond nonlinear polarization evolution based on cascade quadratic nonlinearities

We experimentally demonstrate that one can exploit nonlinear phase shifts produced in type I phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation to produce intensity-dependent polarization evolution with 100-fs pulses. An amplitude modulator based on nonlinear polarization rotation provides passive amplitude-modulation depth of up to ~50%. Applications of the amplitude and phase modulations to mode locking of femtosecond bulk and fiber lasers are promising and are discussed.     

用于脉冲功率装置测量的混合式高压分压器

为准确测量脉冲放电电压,提出了固液混合式高压分压器的原理与结构,并进行了标定和实验测试。用简化模型分析了分压器系统的理想响应条件,讨论了两级分压的衰减特性,提出了控制误差的方法。通过负载标定,得到分压器脉冲电压频率响应大于2.9 MHz,最长脉冲宽度40 s,分压比(或衰减系数)为2.60 kV/V,测量误差小于5%。该高压分压器具有造价低、制作易,同时适于ns到s级脉冲电压的测量等优点,可以在实验室中得到应用。     

Grism-based pulse shaper for line-by-line control of more than 600 optical frequency comb lines

We construct a line-by-line pulse shaper using a grism (grating plus prism) dispersive element, which provides constant angular dispersion over 13.4 THz centered at ~311 THz (965 nm). When combined with a dual-mask liquid crystal modulator, this grism-based shaper is capable of line-by-line amplitude and phase control of over 600 modes of a 21 GHz stabilized optical frequency comb.     

A tunable and reconfigurable microwave photonic filter based on two cascaded modulators and a dispersive medium

A novel tunable and reconfigurable microwave photonic filter based on two cascaded modulators and a dispersive medium is proposed, theoretically discussed and experimentally demonstrated. A single-wavelength LD and a modulator (either a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a phase modulator which can avoid the dc bias drift problem) are used to obtain a multi-wavelength optical source. By adjusting the modulation frequency and the bias voltage on the modulators, the wavelength spacing and the relative amplitude of the optical tones change, thus making the filter tunable and reconfigurable. The experimental results show that the proposed filters have good tunability and reconfigurability and the mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio of around 25 dB is achieved.     

Stabilization of actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber lasers in the rational-harmonic frequency-doubling mode-locking regime

Stabilization of an actively mode-locked fiber laser in the frequency-doubling rational-harmonic mode-locking regime is demonstrated experimentally for the first time to the authors' knowledge. The stabilization is achieved by a method based on minimization of the average optical power at the second output of a dual-output Mach-Zehnder modulator used as a mode locker. This method produces long-term stable operation of the laser with ~35-dB suppression of the pulse-to-pulse amplitude fluctuation caused by rational-harmonic frequency doubling.     

FM dye lasers

We have investigated the detailed operation of a frequency modulated dye laser (FML). The FML consists of a standing wave Rh6G dye laser with an intracavity transverse ADP phase modulator which is driven at a frequency close to the cavity mode spacing. An ideal FML output consists of a laser beam which is constant in amplitude but sinusoidally varying in frequency. This provides a source of many laser modes which are equally spaced by the modulation frequency. Several dye laser configurations have been investigated. Measurements of the mode intensities, total power, amplitude modulation and rf beat amplitudes have been made as a function of the rf driving frequency of the phase modulator. The FM laser obtained has been frequency stabilised by locking it to a reference interferometer and also by frequency offset locking it to a single-frequency dye laser.     

基于双音外差的电光相位调制器半波电压自校准测量方法

电光相位调制器是光纤通信系统、微波光子系统和相干光通信系统中的关键器件之一. 作为器件本征参数, 电光相位调制器的半波电压通常利用光谱方法和电谱方法进行测量. 光谱方法受到光源线宽和光谱仪分辨率限制, 测量的分辨率较低; 电谱方法则需要光电检测之前将相位调制转换成强度调制, 电谱方法的主要困难在于需要对探测器的不平坦响应进行额外校准. 提出了利用双音外差实现电光相位调制器半波电压自校准测量新方法, 该方法利用双音电光相位调制的边带与移频光载波的外差拍频, 对外差拍频信号进行频谱分析, 获得电光相位调制器的半波电压; 通过设定双音调制信号的频率关系, 克服了探测器光电转换中的不平坦频率响应, 实现了自校准测量. 该方法可扩展探测器和频谱仪的测试频率两倍以上, 节省至少一半的带宽需求. 与光谱测量方法相比, 该方法测试分辨率大幅提高且避免了光源线宽的影响; 与传统电域测量方法相比, 该方法无须额外校准, 无驱动功率和工作波长限制, 且对测试仪器带宽需求降低一半以上. 实验证实了所提方法获得的电光相位调制器半波电压的测量结果与光谱分析法获得的结果一致, 且大幅度地提高了测量范围和分辨率. 该方法提供了非常简单的电光相位调制器微波特性化分析方法, 对其他光电子器件分析也提供了参考.     

陡化前沿Marx发生器的阻抗特性

 利用50 kV无感电容器与固体电阻制作了10级陡化前沿Marx发生器,实现了电容储能型脉冲功率调制系统的小型化。使用不同阻值的水电阻负载研究了发生器的阻抗特性,并进一步制作了金属膜电阻负载进行实验,测定90 Ω负载可以使发生器处于临界阻尼放电状态,从而确定发生器的内部阻抗约为45 Ω。当充电电压为40 kV时,在金属膜电阻负载上得到了幅值约为210 kV,脉宽约为40 ns,前沿约为5 ns的快前沿高压脉冲。利用此发生器成功地驱动了强流二极管,当二极管阴阳极间距为15 mm时,在30 kV充电情况下,其输出电压约为154 kV,束流约为1 kA。     

一种基于确定性量子密钥分发误码判据的相位调制器半波电压的精确测定方法

基于相位编码的量子密钥分发系统需要对信息加载的相位调制器的半波电压进行精确的测定以减小量子密钥的误码率,相位调制器半波电压的测量精度直接影响到了量子密钥分发系统的最终误码.本文提出了一种基于确定性量子密钥分发误码率判据的相位调制器半波电压的精确测定方法,所采用相位调制器的半波电压的测量精度达到了2 mV,实验结果表明这种方法可以用于量子密钥分发实际应用系统中实时获得不同条件下的行波相位调制器的半波电压以最大程度地减小由于相位信息不准确加载而带来的系统误码. 关键词： 量子保密通信 相位编码 半波电压 误码率     

Controlling the evolution of nondiffracting speckle by complex amplitude modulation on a phase-only spatial light modulator

In this work we investigate the structure of nondiffracting speckle fields, both experimentally and theoretically. We are able to produce very good agreement between the experimentally recorded and theoretically calculated fields by using complex amplitude modulation on a phase-only spatial light modulator to implement controlled ring-slit experiments for the generation of nondiffracting speckle fields. The structure of the nondiffracting speckle due to binary and continuous phase modulations for both a uniform and a normal distribution is investigated. We find that we are able to engineer whether the nondiffracting field will appear as speckle or a structured zero-order Bessel beam by adjusting the standard deviation in the distribution. Having the ability to control where in the spectrum, from fully-developed nondiffracting speckle to a symmetric zero-order Bessel beam, the nondiffracting field will exist can prove to be a useful resource in the non-destructive testing of materials.     

同轴高功率超宽带功分器研究

 运用同轴结构,研制出高功率超宽带功分器,采取先阻抗变换,再功分的形式,以简化机械加工难度。运用高频仿真软件进行仿真分析,研制出一分为二和一分为四的功分器,再组合成为一分为八的功分器,高压实验表明该功分器能耐高压,驻波测试表明阻抗匹配较好,从测量的传输参数可以看出输出各端口幅度一致性较好。证明了该高功率超宽带功分器可以用作实际的高功率天线阵列。     

一种基于确定性量子密钥分发误码判据的相位调制器半波电压的精确测定方法

基于相位编码的量子密钥分发系统需要对信息加载的相位调制器的半波电压进行精确的测定以减小量子密钥的误码率,相位调制器半波电压的测量精度直接影响到了量子密钥分发系统的最终误码.本文提出了一种基于确定性量子密钥分发误码率判据的相位调制器半波电压的精确测定方法,所采用相位调制器的半波电压的测量精度达到了2mV,实验结果表明这种方法可以用于量子密钥分发实际应用系统中实时获得不同条件下的行波相位调制器的半波电压以最大程度地减小由于相位信息不准确加载而带来的系统误码.     

Photonic generation of millimeter-wave ultra-wideband signal using phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion and frequency up-conversion

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of a pair of polarity-reversed 24 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycles. The scheme is realized by using delay interferometer (DI) based phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM–IM) conversion and carrier suppression modulation (CSM) based frequency up-conversion. The phase modulation is realized by using either electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) or cross phase modulation (XPM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which is an all-optical approach to obtaining baseband UWB signals, respectively. After frequency up-converted by using CSM in a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM), a pair of polarity-reversed 24 GHz MMW-UWB signals complying with the Federal Communication Committee (FCC) requirements is generated. The bi-phase modulation (BPM) of 24 GHz MMW-UWB signals can also be realized by electrically switching the bias voltage of delay interferometer.     

Proposal of dual-heterodyne-mixing method and application to high-speed waveform measurement using low-speed equipments

A novel method to measure a relative phase between frequency-different optical wavelengths has been proposed and named as Dual-heterodyne-mixing method. The operation principle of the method is represented, where the relative phase is simply described as dc voltage. The operation principle was experimentally confirmed with 0- and π-phase-different optical pairs generated by an intensity modulator. Also, it has been applied for a high-speed signal sensing with a high-resolution amplitude spectrum measurement method. A 12.5 Gbps signal sensing with 1/63 relatively low-speed photodetector (200 MHz) was demonstrated.     

光温双控太赫兹波调制特性研究

基于多频带金属开口谐振环结构,利用GaAs材料的光敏特性和VO₂薄膜的热致相变特性,设计了一种既能实现光控又能实现温控的太赫兹(Terahertz, THz)波调制器,研究了光强和薄膜温度对 THz波调制特性的影响。结果表明,随着光强的增加,谐振频率均出现蓝移且谐振强度减小,当光强达到0.2 μJ·cm-2时,第二个谐振点(0.52 THz)蓝移了0.14 THz,透射幅度增加达50%;随着VO₂温度增加至相变温度以上,THz波透射幅度急剧减小,在0.63 THz处透射幅度减小达45.5%;当光强和温度同时控制时,随着光强和温度的增加,谐振点频率蓝移且谐振点处的THz波透射幅度增加,但在温度超过相变温度后,则温度控制起主导作用。设计的THz波调制器能通过光控和温控实现对THz波的明显调制效果,可为实现多功能的THz波功能器件的设计及应用提供参考。