均匀Fe3O4胶体粒子形成过程的Mossbauer研究

应用经过改进的实验方法制得均匀球状Fe3O4胶体粒子, 通过对多种Fe3O4粒子的Mossbauer测量并结合发析, 我们发现, 在制备过程中, 反应浓度、加液次序以及陈化时间的不同对所生成的Fe3O4晶体的基本骨架与结构影响极小, 而随着陈化时间的不断增加, Fe3O4粒子的组成将逐渐接近化学计量, 以这些实验结果及文献报道为基础, 本文讨论了均匀Fe3O4胶体粒子的形成机理。     

均匀Fe_3O_4胶体粒子形成过程的Mssbauer研究

应用经过改进的实验方法制得均匀球状Fe_3O_4胶体粒子,通过对多种Fe_3O_4粒子的Mossbauer测量并结合化学分析,我们发现,在制备过程中,反应浓度、加液次序以及陈化时间的不同,对所生成的Fe_3O_4晶体的基本骨架与结构影响极小,而随着陈化时间的不断增加,Fe_3O_4粒子的组成将逐渐接近化学计量.以这些实验结果及文献报道为基础,本文讨论了均匀Fe_3O_4胶体粒子的形成机理.     

均匀Fe3O4胶体粒子形成过程的Mossbauer研究

应用经过改进的实验方法制得均匀球状Fe3O4胶体粒子, 通过对多种Fe3O4粒子的Mossbauer测量并结合发析, 我们发现, 在制备过程中, 反应浓度、加液次序以及陈化时间的不同对所生成的Fe3O4晶体的基本骨架与结构影响极小, 而随着陈化时间的不断增加, Fe3O4粒子的组成将逐渐接近化学计量, 以这些实验结果及文献报道为基础, 本文讨论了均匀Fe3O4胶体粒子的形成机理。     

不同形貌TiO2的水热合成及对苯酚的降解研究

采用水热合成法, 通过对溶液的pH值、反应物配比、陈化温度及陈化时间等条件的控制, 合成出不同晶型及形貌的TiO2纳米粒子. 结果表明, 溶液的pH＝11, n(钛酸丁酯):n(三乙醇胺)＝1:2, 陈化温度为150 ℃, 陈化时间为48 h时, 能得到较规则的、长径比约为4:1的棒状TiO2. 当溶液pH<10时, 得到球形的TiO2纳米粒子; 陈化时间为24 h时, 得到纺锤形TiO2纳米晶. 以上合成的纳米粒子均为锐钛矿型, 但当溶液的pH>12时, 则得到板钛矿型TiO2粒子. 以苯酚为降解模型, 考察了不同形貌TiO2的光催化活性.     

均匀球形α-Fe_2O_3胶体粒子的形成机理

在有关均匀胶体粒子的研究中,人们大多关注的是均匀胶体粒子的制备方法和实验条件的控制,其中包括溶液的组成,陈化温度和时间以及起决定作用的特殊阴离子.然而涉及其形成机理的分析很少,因为均匀胶体粒子的形成是个微观过程:成核、成长、相转变和微粒子的聚集等过程瞬息完成,难于捕捉到各个过程发生的具体时机.Sugimoto和Matijevic将含一定比例的FeSO_4,KOH和KNO_3溶液经85℃陈化制备均匀球状Fe_3O_4的实验中发现,陈化液中最初生成的Fe(OH)_2在硝酸根离子作用下经相转化生成Fe_3O_4微粒子,     

共沉法制备PbTiO3微粉控制晶粒大小方法的研究

研究了超声分散作用和共沉物陈化条件对共沉法制备ＰｂＴｉＯ３微粉晶粒大小的影响，结果表明，在超声分散作用下进行共沉反应可使晶粒明显减小，并可降低ＰｂＴｉＯ３的晶化温度，共沉物在不同类型的表面活性剂水溶液中陈化效果不同，非离子型表面活性剂及其混合物可使陈化物粒子及ＰｂＴｉＯ３晶粒明显减小。     

均匀铁氧化物（含水）胶体粒子的制备

均匀胶体具有广阔的应用前景,开展这种胶体的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。铁氧化物(含水)均匀胶体粒子首先在Matijevi’c的实验室制得。不久前,我们在无防尘设备的一般实验室条件下成功地制得了二种直径为0.090μm的球状α-Fe_2O_3胶体粒子,并开展了均匀胶体的性质研究。为了进一步开展均匀胶体特性及其表面性质的研究,就要制取不同大小和不同形状的胶体粒子,并掌握其制备规律。本文旨在探讨制备铁氧化物胶体粒子对反应液铁离子的浓度、盐酸量以及陈化时间等因素对粒子物相、形状等的影响。     

均匀Fe~3O~4胶体粒子形成机理II. 低温Mossbauer谱研究

在液氮温度下, 测定了均匀Fe~3O~4胶体粒子制备过程中陈化时间为1小时内的不同时间所得样品的Mossbauer谱。结果表明, γ-FeOOH为Fe~3O~4均匀胶粒形成过程的中间产物, 并提出均匀Fe~3O~4胶粒的形成机理。     

均匀Fe~3O~4胶体粒子形成机理II. 低温Mossbauer谱研究

在液氮温度下, 测定了均匀Fe~3O~4胶体粒子制备过程中陈化时间为1小时内的不同时间所得样品的Mossbauer谱。结果表明, γ-FeOOH为Fe~3O~4均匀胶粒形成过程的中间产物, 并提出均匀Fe~3O~4胶粒的形成机理。     

TiO2纳米膜表面结构形态特征

采用反胶束法制备TiO2纳米溶胶,用浸渍提拉法在不同的条件下制备了三种TiO2多孔纳米薄膜,并利用AFM、SEM、XRD等方法对膜表面结构物理化学特性进行表征.结果表明三种膜基本上由粒径约为59 nm的纳米粒子以不同的方式堆积而成,溶胶刚生成时浸提一次,干燥、焙烧得到膜上纳米粒子分布均匀,所生成的二次粒子粒径最小,二次粒子形成的二次表面粗糙度最小,浸提10次得到膜上纳米粒子间存在较丰富缝隙结构,二次粒子粒径及其形成的表面粗糙度较大,而溶胶制备好陈化6 h后浸提得到的膜上二次粒子粒径最大,表面粗糙度最高.由分形理论估算得到三种膜的分形维数分别是2.22、2.20和2.27. XRD测试表明,膜上TiO2为锐钛矿晶相.这些结果表明,采用不同制备步骤得到的膜,其表面结构形态存在较大的差异.     

Mechanism of the growth of monodispersed spherical silica particles to the submicron size

Summary Monodispersed spherical submicron silica particles were obtained by the precipitation of soluble silica on the surface of preliminary obtained smaller particles. Silica was added into the system at low concentrations to prevent both its polymerization in the solution and the formation of new particles. The kinetics of the particle growth is controlled by the diffusion of soluble silica through the double diffusion layer.     

均分散球形氧化铕超细微粒的制备和表征

采用尿素分解法制备了均分散球形Eu(OH)CO~3·H~2O超细沉淀粒子,进一步在空气中750℃下焙烧4h,得到了均分散球形氧化铕超细微粒。考察了各种反应条件的影响,获得了最佳的制备条件。用XRD,IR,TEM,TG以及比表面测定等手段对样品进行了表征。     

双亲性离子液体功能化复合胶体颗粒的合成与催化性能

采用硅烷偶联剂4-氯苄基三氯硅烷对二氧化硅颗粒表面进行改性, 制得表面接枝氯苄基的亲油二氧化硅颗粒. 在亲油二氧化硅颗粒表面继续接枝亲水性的十二烷基咪唑, 即可制得含有离子液体基团的双亲性二氧化硅颗粒. 通过静电吸附氯铂酸和硼氢化钠还原, 可在两亲性二氧化硅颗粒表面负载铂纳米颗粒, 从而得到双亲性二氧化硅颗粒催化剂. 用扫描电镜、 透射电镜、 X射线衍射和红外光谱等对所得样品进行表征, 并以苯甲醇氧化反应为研究对象对催化剂性能进行评价, 结果显示, 使用此催化剂可使苯甲酸的产率达到90%.     

钛酸四丁酯水解制备聚苯乙烯/二氧化钛核壳粒子及空心二氧化钛微球

通过无皂乳液聚合方法制备了阳离子型及阴离子型聚苯乙烯(PSt)乳胶粒,并对后者用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)进行了表面改性制得了乳胶粒表面载正电荷的乳液.在乙醇与水的混合溶剂中,分别使用以上3种PSt乳胶粒为核加入钛酸四丁酯制备了核壳型PSt/TiO2复合粒子.结果显示,仅在使用经KH550改性的阴离子PSt乳...     

Fabrication of Hollow or Macroporous Silica Particles by Spray Drying of Colloidal Dispersion

In this study, hollow silica particles were fabricated by atomizing the dispersion of silica nanocolloids synthesized by modified Stober method and self-organization of the particles by spray drying technique. Rapid evaporation of the droplet containing the silica nanoparticles resulted in the formation of hollow microparticles at high evaporation temperature due to hydrodynamic instability of the droplet. Similar strategy was adopted for the fabrication of macroporous silica particles by the sol spray drying of the hetero-colloidal dispersion of polystyrene nanospheres and commercial silica nanoparticles. The morphologies of the porous particles were observed by scanning electron microscope with varying drying temperature. As a demonstrative purpose, the results using emulsion droplets as confining geometry was compared with the porous particles obtained from spray dryer. Collectively, spray drying was found to be more efficient manner to prepare the porous materials with continuous way in the view of production efficiency and time.     

Understanding and preventing the formation of deformed polymer particles during synthesis by a seeded polymerization method

Uniformly sized porous polymer particles with different polarity namely poly(divinylbenzene), poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐divinylbenzene), poly(ethylene dimethacrylate), and poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) were prepared in the micron‐size range by a seeded polymerization method. Parameters affecting the particle morphologies including monomer mixture content, porogen content, and polystyrene (PS) seed latexes were varied, and the morphologies of the resulting particles were investigated by scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The results obtained indicated that the particle shape depended dominantly on the molecular weight of the PS seed template. Deformed particles, including collapsed spheres and spheres with holes were obtained when high molecular weight PS seeds were used, whereas well‐defined polymer particles were produced easily by using low molecular weight seeds. The use of 1,1‐diphenylethylene as a chain terminator during seed polymerization is proposed in this work as an efficient method to lower molecular weight of PS in seed particles while keeping seed size small. This low molecular weight seed template retained its spherical geometry after swelling and polymerization with different second stage monomers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Colloidal characterization of micron-sized rod-like magnetite particles

Rod-like magnetite particles have been prepared following a precipitation procedure in the presence of an external magnetic field. These particles have been characterized and results compared to those obtained for spheres which were synthesized following the same recipe but in the absence of a magnetic field. Both spheres and rod-like particles have a saturation magnetization of 475 kA/m, an isoelectric point at approximately pH 6.6, and a magnetite inverse spinel structure. DLVO theory qualitatively predicts the results obtained regarding the stability of the magnetite dispersions.     

Growth Mechanism of Large Monodispersed Silica Particles Prepared from Tetraethoxysilane in the Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Monodispersed silica particles up to ca. 1.2 μm in diameter were prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The particle size was increased with an increase of SDS added. The geometrical standard deviation of the particles was decreased with an increase of SDS. In the earlier reaction stage, double spherical particles by the coalescence of the particles were frequently observed when large amounts of SDS were added. Particle size was gradually increased after the coalescence occurred and spherical particles were finally obtained. The results of Nielsen’s chronomal analysis suggest that the polynuclear layer growth took place after the coalescence of the particles in the presence of larger amount of SDS.     

Synthesis and characterization of saccharide‐based latex particles

The synthesis of new polymer colloids based on renewable resources, such as sugar‐derived monomers, is nowadays a matter of interest. These new polymeric particles should be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, because of their assumed biodegradability. In this work, two new families of polymer latex particles, based on a sugar‐derived monomer, 3‐O‐methacryloyl‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D ‐glucofuranose (3‐MDG), were produced and characterized. The syntheses of poly(3‐MDG) crosslinked particles and those obtained by copolymerization with methacrylic acid (MAA), poly(3‐MDG‐co‐MAA) crosslinked particles, were prepared by surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization in a batch reactor. The average particle diameter evolutions, the effect of pH of the dispersion medium on the final average diameters, together with the microscopic and morphological analysis of the particle's surface and inner dominium, were analyzed. Poly(3‐MDG‐co‐EGDMA) stable particles were obtained by adding low amounts of initiator. The surface‐charge density of these particles corresponded to the sulfate groups coming from the initiator. In the second family of latices, poly(3‐MDG‐co‐MAA‐co‐EGDMA) particles, DCP measurements and SEM and TEM observations showed that the sizes and surface characteristics depended on the amounts of MAA and crosslinker used in the reaction mixture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 443–457, 2006     

Colloidal liquid crystal type assemblies of spheroidal polystyrene core/polyglycidol‐rich shell particles (P[S/PGL]) formed at the liquid‐silicon‐air interface by a directed dewetting process

A method for the preparation of stripe‐like monolayers of microspheroids is described. The particles were obtained from polystyrene core/polyglycidol‐rich shell microspheres by stretching poly (vinyl alcohol) films that contain embedded particles. The stretching was performed under controlled conditions at temperatures above the T_g of the films and particles. The elongated films were dissolved in water, and the microspheroids were subsequently removed and purified from the poly (vinyl alcohol). The aspect ratio (AR) of the particles, which denotes the ratio of the lengths of the longer to shorter particle axes, was determined by the film elongation. The AR values were in the range of 2.9‐7.7. Spheroidal particles with various ARs were deposited onto silicon wafers from an ethanol (EtOH) suspension. The particle concentration and volume of the suspension were the same in each experiment. Evaporation of the EtOH yielded stripes of spherical particles packed into nematic‐type colloidal crystals and assembled into monolayers. The orientation of the stripes after ethanol evaporation was perpendicular to the triphasic (silicon‐ethanol‐air) interface along the silicon substrate. The adsorbed stripes on the wafers were characterized in terms of their interstripe distance (ID), stripe width, and crystal domain size. Nematic‐type spheroid arrangements in the stripes were the dominant structure, which enabled denser packing of the particles into colloidal crystals than that allowed by the smectic‐type arrangements. Furthermore, the number of spheroids adsorbed per surface unit of the silicon wafers was similar for all ARs, but the width and frequency of the spheroid stripes adsorbed on the wafers were different.