微波催化显色反应分光光度法测定天然水中的磷

研究了用抗坏血酸作为还原剂磷钼蓝分光光度法测定磷时微波对于显色反应的催化作用和测定的适宜条件。试验表明:微波(高档,800W)可以使显色反应在3min内快速完成并稳定48h。线性范围:0~1.0mg/L,ε700nm=1.7×104L.mol-1.cm-1。对天然水样进行7次平行测定,其结果的RSD≤2.5%,回收率在98.6%~103%之间。与国家标准方法比较,无显著性差异。     

Active carbon supported S-promoted Bi catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction

We synthesized a S doped Bi/AC catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination. The addition of H₂SO₄ changes the structure of the Bi atoms in the catalyst, resulting in the improvement of the specific surface areas and catalytic efficiency of the Bi-based catalyst under reaction conditions.     

Ionic liquid/water as a recyclable medium for Tsuji-Trost reaction assisted by microwave

An efficient microwave protocol is described for allylic substitution with various carbon and heteronucleophiles catalyzed by Pd(OAc)₂/TPPTS in an [EMIm]BF₄/H₂O medium. The ionic liquid/water containing catalyst system can be recycled eight times without loss of activity.     

The catalytic performance of metal-free defected carbon catalyst towards acetylene hydrochlorination revealed from first-principles calculation

Defected carbon materials as a metal-free catalyst have shown superior stability and catalytic performance in the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, for the first time, several different defected configurations comprising mono and divacancies and Stone Wales defect on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been used as a direct catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. These defective sites on SWCNTs are the most active site for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction compare to pristine SWCNT. The different configurations of defects have different electronic structures, which specify that monovacancy defects have more states adjacent to the Fermi level. The reactant acetylene (C₂H₂) adsorbed strongly compared to hydrogen chloride (HCl) and expected to be the initial step of the reaction. Acetylene adsorbed strongly at monovacancy defected SWCNT compared to other investigated defects. Reaction pathway analysis revealed that mono- and divacancy defected SWCNTs have minimum energy barriers and show extraordinary performance toward acetylene hydrochlorination. This work suggests the potential of metal-free defected carbon in catalyzing acetylene hydrochlorination and provides a solid base for future developments in acetylene hydrochlorination.     

High-yield synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes on MCM41 using catalytic chemical vapor deposition of acetylene

High-quality single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with narrow diameter distribution have been grown on Fe/Co-loaded MCM41 by using acetylene as the carbon source within a short reaction period, typically 10 min or less. The optimum temperature for SWNTs synthesis is 850 degrees C. Longer reaction time (i.e., 30 min) favors the formation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphitic carbon. When the reaction time is reduced to less than 10 min, formation of MWNTs and graphitic carbon is greatly suppressed, and high-quality SWNTs dominates the yield. The surface of the as-grown SWNTs is found to be free from amorphous carbon, as observed from high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis. Raman spectral data show a G/D ratio above 10, indicating that the as-grown SWNTs have very few defects. Furthermore, radial breathing mode (RBM) analysis reveals that the diameter distribution of the current SWNTs is narrow and ranges from 0.64 to 1.36 nm.     

2H-Chromenes from salicylaldehydes by a catalytic petasis reaction

The Petasis condensation of vinylic or aromatic boronic acids, aromatic aldehydes, and amines is assisted by a hydroxy group adjacent to the aldehyde moiety. The products derived from salicylaldehydes and vinylboronic acids undergo cyclization to 2H-chromene compounds with ejection of amine upon heating. A catalytic preparation of 2H-chromenes using resin-bound amine is reported, allowing the convenient incorporation of a variety of components.     

Investigating the chemical dynamics of the reaction of ground-state carbon atoms with acetylene and its isotopomers

We investigated the multichannel reaction of ground-state carbon atoms with acetylene, C2H2 (X1Sigmag+), to form the linear and cyclic C3H isomers (atomic hydrogen elimination pathway) as well as tricarbon plus molecular hydrogen. The experiments were conducted under single-collision conditions at three different collision energies between 8.0 kJ mol-1 and 31.0 kJ mol-1. Our studies were complemented by crossed molecular beam experiments of carbon with three isotopomers C2D2(X1Sigmag+), C2HD (X1Sigma+), and 13C2H2 (X1Sigmag+) to clarify a potential intersystem crossing (ISC), the effect of the symmetry of the reaction intermediates on the center-of-mass angular distributions, the collision energy-dependent branching ratios of the atomic versus molecular hydrogen elimination pathways, and deuterium-enrichment processes. The results are discussed in light of recent electronic structure and dynamics calculations.     

High-yield carbon nanorods obtained by a catalytic copyrolysis process

Carbon nanorods were produced with a yield of about 90% by the copyrolysis of C(6)H(6) and C(5)H(6) at 600 degrees C under the cocatalysis of Fe and Mg. Many novel Y-junction carbon nanorods were found in the products. The obtained carbon nanorods have a diameter in the range of 200-350 nm and are several micrometers in length. The effects of reactants, catalysts, and the temperature were investigated, and the experimental results indicate that C(5)H(6) and cocatalysts Fe and Mg play crucial roles in the formation of carbon nanorods. The possible formation mechanism of the carbon nanorods is discussed.     

Synergism of the catalytic effect of nanosized gold-nickel catalysts in the reaction of selective acetylene hydrogenation to ethylene

Gold and nickel nanoclusters immobilized on aluminum oxide exhibited high activity in the reaction of acetylene hydrogenation to ethylene with molecular hydrogen at temperatures from 20 to 64°C. The reaction selectivity on Au-Ni nanocomposites with metal concentrations from 0.02 to 0.36 wt % was no lower than 99.99%, and the stability of catalysts was retained for at least 12 h. The simultaneous presence of gold and nickel in the systems resulted in the synergism of their catalytic effects: acetylene conversion on layer-by-layer immobilized metal clusters was higher than the total conversion on individual gold and nickel clusters. The dependence of the conversion of acetylene on bimetallic catalysts on the Au : Ni ratio exhibited an extremal character.     

Construction of quaternary carbon stereocentres: catalytic enantioselective allylation assisted by a bimetallic catalytic system

The asymmetric allylic alkylation of prochiral aryl cyano esters has been carried out in the presence of a bi-component catalytic system containing a palladium and a rhodium complex modified by phosphorus containing chiral auxiliaries. The allyl derivatives were isolated in up to 63% ee. The chiral pocket ligands of Trost appear the most appropriate to produce the desired chiral derivatives.     

Vinyl acetate formation in the reaction of acetylene with acetic acid catalyzed by zinc acetate supported on porous carbon spheres

A kind of porous carbon spheres (PCS) was prepared by the carbonization of poly(vinylidene chloride) synthesized by suspension polymerization. Structure analyses revealed the existence of bumps and holes on the surface of PCS. The PCS, with the pore size between 0.8–1.2 nm, could be used as the support of zinc acetate because of the regular shape, high specific surface area, and good mechanical strength. Vinyl acetate was produced from acetylene and acetic acid using the PCS-supported zinc acetate (PCS-Zn) under mild conditions. In a single-pass operation performed at 220°C, the conversions of acetic acid and acetylene reached 22.6 and 5.3% respectively while the activity of vinyl acetate formation was above 1000 g mol⁻¹ h⁻¹.     

The reaction of acetylene with hydroxyl radicals

The potential energy surface for the reaction between OH and acetylene has been calculated using the RQCISD(T) method and extrapolated to the complete basis-set limit. Rate coefficients were determined for a wide range of temperatures and pressures, based on this surface and the solution of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional master equations. With a small adjustment to the association energy barrier (1.1 kcal/mol), agreement with experiments is good, considering the discrepancies in such data. The rate coefficient for direct hydrogen abstraction is significantly smaller than that commonly used in combustion models. Also in contrast to previous models, ketene + H is found to be the main product at normal combustion conditions. At low temperatures and high pressures, stabilization of the C2H2OH adduct is the dominant process. Rate coefficient expressions for use in modeling are provided.     

2-Phenylpyrrole: one-pot selective synthesis from acetophenone oxime and acetylene by a Trofimov reaction*

We have developed a technologically orientated, one-pot way of synthesis of high purity 2-phenylpyrrole in 74% yield by treatment of acetophenone oxime with acetylene in the KOH–DMSO system. The reaction is carried out at 135-150°C under an acetylene atmospheric pressure. The synthesis was performed in laboratory (glass apparatus) and in a large scale (10 l reaction vessel).     

On a diffusion model of a catalytic reaction

A model to describe a catalytic reaction with simultaneous diffusion is analyzed. The possibility of formation of periodic structures in space is shown.

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Production of a highly dispersed carbon material and hydrogen from natural gas in a microwave reactor with metallic catalysts

Effect of a microwave field on metallic catalysts was studied in the reaction of decomposition of methane into hydrogen and highly dispersed carbon. The dependence of the conversion of methane, yield of carbon, and its composition on the chemical nature of a catalysts and reaction conditions was examined.     

Rapid and amenable suzuki coupling reaction in water using microwave and conventional heating

It is possible to prepare biaryls in good yield very rapidy (5-10 min) on small (1 mmol) and larger (10-20 mmol) scales from aryl halides and phenylboronic acid using water as a solvent and palladium acetate as catalyst. The reaction can be performed equally well using microwave and conventional heating, showing that using these conditions probably no nonthermal microwave effects are associated with the impressive speed of the reaction.     

Development of a catalytic aromatic decarboxylation reaction

A palladium-catalyzed aromatic decarboxylation reaction has been developed. With electron-rich aromatic acids, the reaction proceeds efficiently under fairly mild conditions in good yields. The method was useful with complex functionalized substrates containing hindered carboxylic acids.