碳酸钾修饰水滑石吸附二氧化碳工艺条件研究

采用共沉淀法合成水滑石,等体积浸渍法将碳酸钾负载于水滑石孔道及层状结构中;在一定空速条件下,考察了吸附温度、碳酸钾添加量、活化温度对碳酸钾修饰水滑石吸附二氧化碳性能的影响;利用SEM、BET等手段对修饰后的水滑石进行了表征。在一定实验条件下,水滑石吸附容量可以达到9.10mol/kg。     

CuZnMgAl水滑石衍生金属氧化物对废水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附

采用共沉淀法合成了不同物质的量之比的CuZnMgAl水滑石(CuZnMgAl-HT),采用X射线衍射仪和热分析仪分析了其晶体结构和热稳定性;将CuZnMgAl-HT的焙烧产物作为吸附剂,测定了其对废水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能.结果表明,最佳吸附条件为温度30℃,pH 6.0,初始浓度80mg/L,水滑石前体Cu、Zn、Mg、Al的金属物质的量之比为1∶1∶4∶2,吸附时间40min时,相应的吸附率可达95.23%.     

邻甲酚在类水滑石、焙烧及改性类水滑石上的吸附

用液相非稳态共沉淀法制备了Mg-Al 类水滑石(HTlc); Mg-Al HTlc 于450 ℃下焙烧得焙烧类水滑石(CHTlc); 采用结构重建法由CHTlc 制备了十二烷基硫酸根(DS－)插层(改性)类水滑石(DS·HTlc). 研究了邻甲酚在Mg-Al HTlc,CHTlc 和DS·HTlc 上的吸附行为: 邻甲酚在Mg-Al HTlc, CHTlc 和DS·HTlc 上的吸附动力学和等温式均分别符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich 方程, 且吸附速率和吸附量大小均依次为: DS·HTlc>>CHTlc>HTlc; 在初始pH＝5.00～13.00 范围内, 邻甲酚在HTlc 和CHTlc 上的吸附量随pH 值的增加先增加后减小, 随温度的增加而增加, 邻甲酚在DS·HTlc 的吸附量随pH 值和温度的增加而降低; 邻甲酚在HTlc, CHTlc 和DS·HTlc 上的吸附量均随电解质(NaCl)浓度的增加而增加, 探讨了吸附机理. 研究结果表明, DS·HTlc 有望成为一种新型的高效酚类有机污染物处理剂.     

谷氨酸插层水滑石吸附水中铅离子

采用共沉淀法合成了谷氨酸插层镁铝类水滑石(LDH),对所制备的试样进行了X-射线衍射和红外光谱表征,对LDH去除水中铅离子的能力进行了讨论,研究了吸附过程的吸附动力学和吸附等温线。结果表明,谷氨酸能嵌入镁铝水滑石的层间,该插层水滑石能有效吸附水中铅离子,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温曲线可用Langmuir模型来描述,吸附量可达68.49mg/g。     

CaAl类水滑石的磷酸根吸附性能及其影响因素研究

本研究采用共沉淀法成功制备了CaAl类水滑石(CaAl-LDH), 并运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重/差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)技术对CaAl-LDH的形貌及热稳定性进行了表征. 利用合成含磷溶液及真实含磷污水, 探究了CaAl-LDH对磷酸根的吸附性能及其主要影响因素. 结果表明: 制备的CaAl-LDH具备类水滑石的典型六边形层片状结构以及较好的热稳定性. CaAl-LDH吸附磷酸根的规律符合Langmuir吸附等温方程, 理论最大吸附容量为162.3 mg/g. 吸附动力学过程符合假二级动力学方程. 几种竞争阴离子对吸附的干扰作用由强到弱为 CO₃^2-> SO₄^2-> NO₃^- . 吸附真实含磷污水中磷酸根时, 10 h左右达最大去除率, 可将污水中磷浓度降低到极低水平. 因此, 制备的CaAl-LDH具有很好的磷酸根吸附性能, 是一种应用前景广阔的污水磷酸根吸附回收利用材料.     

镍铁类水滑石对偶氮阴离子染料的吸附脱色作用

采用镍铁类水滑石作为吸附剂,对偶氮阴离子染料酸性大红G、活性艳红X-3B和直接耐酸大红4BS废水进行脱色处理,研究了时间、镍与铁的物质的量之比、初始pH和无机电解质添加剂等因素对脱色率的影响,并结合红外光谱和X射线衍射分析结果讨论了其吸附脱色机理.结果表明,三种染料在镍铁类水滑石上的吸附均为层间的阴离子交换吸附和外表面的吸附.通过阴离子交换进入层间后,不同于直接耐酸大红4BS阴离子,酸性大红G和活性艳红X-3B两种阴离子与水滑石层间水分子之间产生氢键作用;在化学键合过程中,染料分子被镍铁类水滑石表面Fe3+氧化,同时偶氮键断裂导致脱色.     

锂铝水滑石对水杨酸及其异构体的选择性插层研究

[LiAl_2(OH)_6]Cl·yH_2O was prepared by co-precipitation. The competitive intercalation of geometric isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid into the interlayer of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was studied by the reaction of [LiAl_2(OH)_6]Cl·yH_2O with various mixtures of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the intercalation of the isomers, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the quantitative study. The order of the preferential intercalation of the three isomers was found to be: o-hydroxybenzoic acid (1,2-C_7H_6O_3)》 p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1,4-C_7H_6O_3) > m-hydroxybenzoic acid (1,3-C_7H_6O_3).     

对苯乙烯磺酸在水滑石层间的柱撑及聚合

对苯乙烯磺酸在水滑石层间的柱撑及聚合;水滑石;对苯乙烯磺酸;柱撑;聚合     

不同锌铝比水滑石的合成及其吸附脱除水中邻苯二甲酸性能

采用共沉淀法合成一系列具有不同锌铝比的水滑石,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重(TG)、氮气吸脱附及电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等表征手段对其结构与组成进行了测试。将上述水滑石材料用于吸附脱除水中邻苯二甲酸污染物,考察了不同锌铝比水滑石吸附邻苯二甲酸性能的差异。结果表明,在较低锌铝比时,随着水滑石锌铝比的增加,其对邻苯二甲酸的吸附量逐渐增大;当锌铝比较大时(6),随着锌铝比的增加,水滑石的吸附量基本保持不变。进一步选取锌铝比为6的水滑石,分别对其吸附邻苯二甲酸的动力学和热力学进行了研究,发现其吸附等温线和吸附动力学数据分别符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,且循环吸附性能较好。     

X型Gemini表面活性剂改性类水滑石的制备及其吸附对甲酚性能

传统表面活性剂-类水滑石(HTlc)纳米复合物可有效吸附水中主要有机污染物酚类污染物,如酚类污染物,以高性能Gemini双子表面活性剂代替传统表面活性剂有望提高其去除效率。本文采用剥离-重组法制备了X型Gemini表面活性剂(MXC_6)-HTlc纳米复合物,并采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面和元素分析等技术手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明,MXC_6成功重组于HTlc层间。分别从吸附动力学和热力学研究了MXC_6-HTlc纳米复合物对对甲酚的吸附行为:吸附动力学曲线符合准一级动力学方程;吸附等温线符合Linear方程;吸附量显著高于HTlc,且随p H值和温度的增加而降低。实验表明,MXC_6-HTlc纳米复合物是一种新型高效水中酚类污染物处理剂。     

磁性功能化酚醛树脂的合成及对金属离子的吸附性能

磁性功能化酚醛树脂的合成及对金属离子的吸附性能;环氧酚醛树脂;螯合;金属离子;溶胀;吸附容量;吸附动力学     

硫脲树脂的合成及其对金属离子的吸附性能

采用双(异硫氰酸甲酸)丁二酯分别与二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、多乙烯多胺单体进行加聚反应制得4种主链上含有硫脲基团的新型螯合树脂PETU-Ⅰ～PETU-Ⅳ。红外光谱分析表明,树脂中存在硫脲基团,树脂热稳定性和溶胀性能良好。用静态吸附法研究了PETU树脂对金属离子的吸附性能,4种树脂对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附容量分别为2.48、2.68、4.74和6.44mmol/g,对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附容量分别为2.15、3.53、3.74和3.98mmol/g,对Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)等金属离子吸附容量低于0.36mmol/g;PETU-Ⅳ对Au-Cu和Au-Zn的分离因子>1000,PETU-Ⅱ对Ag-Cu和Ag-Zn的分离因子>10,说明树脂对Au(Ⅲ)、Ag(Ⅰ)具有较高的吸附容量和优良的吸附选择性。PETU-Ⅳ树脂重复使用5次,吸附容量无明显下降,说明树脂具有良好的重复利用性能。     

壳聚糖亚铁螯合物的合成及吸附动力学

亚铁离子;配合物;螯合物;壳聚糖亚铁螯合物的合成及吸附动力学     

Organic Ion Exchangers. Synthesis and Their Behaviour in the Retention of Some Metal Ions

Summary: Three pyridine strong base anion exchangers as beads were obtained by quaternization reactions of a 4-vinylpyridine : 8% divinylbenzene copolymer of gel type. These resins possess methyl / ethyl / butyl radicals as substituents on N⁺ atoms and have exchange capacities of 4.80 mEq/g and 2.10 mEq/mL. For pyridine strong base anion exchangers, the behaviours in the retention processes of Cr(VI) as oxyanions and Ga(III) as [GaCl₄]⁻ complex anion were evaluated with the bath method. All the resins exhibited retention properties, but the retained amounts of the metal cations are different as a function of the alkyl length as substituent on N⁺ atoms and the complex anion nature. Thus, Cr(VI) oxyanions are best retained by the resin with  CH₃ as substituent on N⁺ atoms while [GaCl₄]⁻ complex anion by the resin with  C₄H₉ as substituent on N⁺ atoms. By aminolysis reaction of an ethylacrylate : acrylonitrile : divinylbenzene copolymer as beads of macroporous type with NH₂OH · HCl in the presence of C₂H₅OH a new chelating ion exchanger was performed which contains both amidoxime and hydroxamic acid functional groups. This ion exchanger has the retention property for different metal cations but its retention capacities values are strongly dependent of the nature of metal cation and the counterion as well as pH of the solution. Thus, in the static conditions Zn(II) cation with NOequation/tex2gif-stack-1.gif anion as counterion is retained with the best result at pH = 5. As an example, for the aqueous metal cation solution of 10⁻² M concentration for Zn(NO₃)₂ the resin possess at equilibrium a retention capacity of 6.70 mmol Zn/g dry resin and for Cu(II) from Cu(NO₃)₂ solution of same concentration, the retention capacity is 0.22 mmol Cu/g dry resin and Fe(III) from Fe(NO₃)₃ solution is not retained.     

Adsorption Studies of Radionuclides and Toxic Metal Ions on a Modified Mesoporous Lanthanum(III) Silicate

A new adsorbent, modified mesoporous lanthanum(III) silicate, has been prepared with various molar ratios of Si/La (10, 20, 40, 80) and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as structure directing agent. XRD, nitrogen sorption, SEM, IR, thermogravimetry and sorption of radionuclides and toxic metal ions have been studied. The results show that adsorption amount of some element such as Pb(II) and Th(IV) has been increased significantly by incorporation of lanthanum ions in the framework of adsorbent. Separation of Co(II)‐Th(IV), Co(II)‐U(VI) and Mo(VI)‐U(VI) has been developed on columns of this adsorbent.     

Polyaniline Modified CNTs and Graphene Nanocomposite for Removal of Lead and Zinc Metal Ions: Kinetics,Thermodynamics and Desorption Studies

A novel polyaniline-modified CNT and graphene-based nanocomposite (2.32–7.34 nm) was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The specific surface area was 176 m²/g with 0.232 cm³/g as the specific pore volume. The nanocomposite was used to remove zinc and lead metal ions from water; showing a high removal capacity of 346 and 581 mg/g at pH 6.5. The data followed pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich models. Besides this, the experimental values obeyed Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The results confirmed that the removal of lead and zinc ions occurred in a mixed mode, that is, diffusion absorption and ion exchange between the heterogeneous surface of the sorbent containing active adsorption centers and the solution containing metal ions. The enthalpy values were 149.9 and 158.6 J.mol⁻¹K⁻¹ for zinc and lead metal ions. The negative values of free energies were in the range of −4.97 to −26.3 kJ/mol. These values indicated an endothermic spontaneous removal of metal ions from water. The reported method is useful to remove the zinc and lead metal ions in any water body due to the high removal capacity of nanocomposite at natural pH of 6.5. Moreover, a low dose of 0.005 g per 30 mL made this method economical. Furthermore, a low contact time of 15 min made this method applicable to the removal of the reported metal ions from water in a short time. Briefly, the reported method is highly economical, nature-friendly and fast and can be used to remove the reported metal ions from any water resource.     

Effect of Central Metal Ions of Analogous Metal–Organic Frameworks on Adsorption of Organoarsenic Compounds from Water: Plausible Mechanism of Adsorption and Water Purification

The adsorptive removal of organoarsenic compounds such as p‐arsanilic acid (ASA) and roxarsone (ROX) from water using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been investigated for the first time. A MOF, iron benzenetricarboxylate (also called MIL‐100‐Fe) exhibits a much higher adsorption capacity for ASA and ROX than activated carbon, zeolite (HY), goethite, and other MOFs. The adsorption of ASA and ROX over MIL‐100‐Fe is also much more rapid than that over activated carbon. Moreover, the used MIL‐100‐Fe can be recycled by simply washing with acidic ethanol. Therefore, it is determined that a MOF such as MIL‐100‐Fe can be used to remove organoarsenic compounds from contaminated water because of its high adsorption capacity, rapid adsorption, and ready regeneration. Moreover, only one of three analogous MIL‐100 species (MIL‐100‐Fe, rather than MIL‐100‐Al or MIL‐100‐Cr) can effectively remove the organoarsenic compounds. This selective and high adsorption over MIL‐100‐Fe, different from other analogous MIL‐100 species, can be explained (through calculations) by the facile desorption of water from MIL‐100‐Fe as well as the large (absolute value) replacement energy (difference between the adsorption energies of the organoarsenic compounds and water) exhibited by MIL‐100‐Fe. A plausible adsorption/desorption mechanism is proposed based on the surface charge of the MOFs, FTIR results, calculations, and the reactivation results with respect to the solvents used in the experiments.     

On the Adsorption of Some Catechol Derivatives from Aqueous Solutions onto Activated Carbon Cloth: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

The removal of some of pollutants including catechol, 3-methylcatechol, 3-methoxycatechol, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid by adsorption onto activated carbon cloth (ACC) at 35.0 ± 0.1°C was investigated. The equilibrium experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Langmuir-Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Also the kinetic experimental data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. It was found that the pseudo-second-order model describes the kinetic of adsorption better than the other one. By comparing the obtained results with the previously reported data, it can be concluded that ACC is a high efficient adsorbent for removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions.     

间苯三酚修饰的吸附树脂对水中2,6-二氯苯酚和间苯三酚的吸附机理研究

制备了经间苯三酚进行化学修饰的吸附树脂并进行了红外光谱表征,以NDA150作为参照,对比了两种吸附树脂对不同温度下水溶液中间苯三酚、2,6-二氯酚以及间苯三酚/2,6-二氯酚双组分体系的吸附研究,并探讨了其吸附机理.结果表明：在合适的温度下FZH33对溶液中间苯三酚、2,6-二氯酚的吸附过程存在化学吸附效应,和NDA1...