A constant gradient unilateral magnet for near-surface MRI profiling

The design and construction of a unilateral NMR (UMR) magnet assembly for near-surface 1D profiling is presented. The arrangement consists of a single permanent magnet topped with a shaped iron pole cap. The analytically determined profile of the pole cap shapes the field over the magnet, giving a constant gradient of 31 G/cm over a 8mm depth at a 1H frequency of 4.26 MHz in a spot approximately 5 mm wide. The moderate gradient allows 1D profiling of planar samples with a frequency encoded spin-echo experiment. The curvature of the magnetic field limits the available resolution to 100's of microm. The device is suitable for profiling planar samples in which a coarse resolution but large spatial extent is desired.     

A low-field, low-cost Halbach magnet array for open-access NMR

A working prototype of a novel low-cost Halbach-array-based NMR system is described. The new design provides open access to the sample relative to conventional NMR magnet designs and this facilitates the simultaneous use of multi-sensor techniques on the same sample, in which NMR/MRI can potentially be combined with other spectroscopies such as impedance spectroscopy, laser scattering and rheological experiments.     

Monitoring degradation in paper: non-invasive analysis by unilateral NMR. Part II

High quality paper samples have been oxidized with a specific oxidant to reproduce one of the possible causes of the aging of paper. All samples have been characterized by 13C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. The artificial aging of paper has been monitored using a standard NMR relaxometer and the results have been compared with the corresponding data obtained using an unilateral NMR relaxometer. Experimental values obtained with both techniques are in agreement, demonstrating that unilateral NMR relaxometric measurements constitute a suitable non-invasive method for assessing the degradation process of cellulose-based materials. The sensitivity of the non-invasive NMR method allows the detection of degradation even at a very early stage. Effects due to the sample volume and to the penetration depth have been investigated.     

A unilateral magnet with an extended constant magnetic field gradient

Unilateral magnetic resonance (UMR) has become, in different research areas, a powerful tool to interrogate samples of arbitrary size. Numerous designs have been suggested in the literature to produce the desired magnetic field distributions, including designs which feature constant magnetic field gradients suitable for diffusion and profiling experiments. This work presents a new approach which features extended constant magnetic field gradients with a three magnet array. Constant gradients of more than 3cm extent can be achieved in a very simple, compact and safe design. Diffusion measurements from different positions over the magnet are presented in addition to practical applications for reservoir core plug characterization. The idea of a solenoid as a probe for specific measurements in UMR is introduced. Simple profiling experiments are also presented.     

NMR line shape in one-dimensional magnet in the finite temperature region

The NMR line width is calculated for the one-dimensional ferro- and antiferro-magnets in the finite temperature region. The NMR line shape turns out to have a structure with double peaks which is quite different from the Lorentzian and the Gaussian type.     

An analytical methodology for magnetic field control in unilateral NMR

Traditionally, unilateral NMR systems such as the NMR-MOUSE have used the fringe field between two bar magnets joined with a yoke in a 'U' geometry. This allows NMR signals to be acquired from a sensitive volume displaced from the magnets, permitting large samples to be investigated. The drawback of this approach is that the static field (B0) generated in this configuration is inhomogeneous, and has a large, nonlinear, gradient. As a consequence, the sensitive volume of the instrument is both small and ill defined. Empirical redesign of the permanent magnet array producing the B0 field has yielded instruments with magnetic field topologies acceptable for varying applications. The drawback of current approaches is the lack of formalism in the control of B0. Rather than tailoring the magnet geometry to NMR investigations, measurements must be tailored to the available magnet geometry. In this work, we present a design procedure whereby the size, shape, field strength, homogeneity, and gradients in the sensitive spot of a unilateral NMR sensor can be controlled. Our design uses high permeability pole pieces, shaped according to the contours of an analytical expression, to control B0, allowing unilateral NMR instruments to be designed to generate a controlled static field topology. We discuss the approach in the context of previously published design techniques, and explain the advantages inherent in our strategy as compared to other optimization methods. We detail the design, simulation, and construction of a unilateral magnet array using our approach. It is shown that the fabricated array exhibits a B0 topology consistent with the design. The utility of the design is demonstrated in a sample nondestructive testing application. Our design methodology is general, and defines a class of unilateral permanent magnet arrays in which the strength and shape of B0 within the sensitive volume can be controlled.     

基于子结构技术的光机装置反射镜组件的稳定性分析

反射镜组件是光机装置的重要组成部分,反射镜片的转角稳定性对光路的传输有着直接影响。为了分析获得在地脉动载荷作用下反射镜片的转角响应,分别基于整体结构建模技术和子结构技术建立了某光机装置简化结构的有限元模型,并分析获得了装置中两个反射镜片的转角响应。两种方法得到的反射镜片的转角响应差别分别为3.99%,11.84%,说明基于子结构技术开展光机装置反射镜架组件的稳定性分析是可行的。     

基于子结构技术的光机装置反射镜组件的稳定性分析

反射镜组件是光机装置的重要组成部分,反射镜片的转角稳定性对光路的传输有着直接影响。为了分析获得在地脉动载荷作用下反射镜片的转角响应,分别基于整体结构建模技术和子结构技术建立了某光机装置简化结构的有限元模型,并分析获得了装置中两个反射镜片的转角响应。两种方法得到的反射镜片的转角响应差别分别为3.99%,11.84%,说明基于子结构技术开展光机装置反射镜架组件的稳定性分析是可行的。     

PLE spectra analysis of the sub-structure in the absorption spectra of CdSeS quantum dots

The semiconductor CdSeS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in glass are analysed by means of absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra. The peaks of absorption spectra shift to lower energies with the size of QD increasing, which obviously shows a quantum-size effect. Using the PLE spectra, the physical origin of the lowest absorption peak is analysed. In PLE spectra, the lowest absorption peak can be deconvoluted into two peaks that stem from the transitions of 1S_3/2--1S_e and 2S_3/2--1S_e respectively. The measured energy difference between the two peaks is found to decrease with the size of QD increasing, which agrees well with the theoretical calculation for the two transitions. The luminescence peak of defect states is also analysed by PLE spectra. Two transitions are present in the PLE, which indicates that the transitions of 1S_3/2--1S_e and 2S_3/2--1S_e are responsible for the defect states luminescence.     

Advances of unilateral mobile NMR in nondestructive materials testing

Unilateral mobile NMR employs portable instrumentation with sensors, which are applied to the object from one side. Based on the principles of well-logging NMR, a hand-held sensor, the NMR-MOUSE (MObile Universal Surface Explorer) has been developed for nondestructive materials testing. In the following, a number of new applications of unilateral NMR in materials science are reviewed. They are the state assessment of polyethylene pipes, the characterization of wood, the in situ evaluation of stone conservation treatment, high-resolution profiling of rubber tubes and 2-D imaging for defect analysis in rubber products.     

电力系统用高温超导磁体的热稳定性分析

为了研究高温超导磁体在电力系统应用中的运行状态,在建立了高温超导磁体在交变电流运行下的分析模型的基础上,对磁体温度场进行有限元分析,给出了磁体在交变电流运行下磁体内部的温度分布,探求了磁体的安全工作电流,提出了改善磁体热稳定性的措施,对直接冷却、饼式结构的高温超导磁体研制有一定参考意义。     

A homodecoupled diffusion experiment for the analysis of complex mixtures by NMR

Diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) relies on differences in translation diffusion as a means to separate components in a solution mixture. However, the analysis of spectra of mixtures can be problematic because spectral overlap. It is the aim of this article to propose a pulse sequence and processing method that leads to a complete 2D homodecoupled-DOSY experiment. This experiment offers several advantages that could extend the range of applications to more complex mixtures by achieving important improvements in both signal dispersion and sensitivity.     

Single-sided mobile NMR apparatus using the transverse flux of a single permanent magnet

This study presents a simple design for a mobile, single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) apparatus which uses the magnetic flux parallel to the magnetization direction of a single, disc-shaped permanent magnet polarized in radial direction. The stray magnetic field above the magnet is approximately parallel to the magnetization direction of the magnet and is utilized as the B₀ magnetic field of the apparatus. The apparatus weighs 1.8 kg, has a compact structure and can be held in one's palm. The apparatus generates a B₀ field strength of about 0.279 T at the center of apparatus surface and can acquire a clear Hahn echo signal of a pencil eraser block lying on the RF coil in one shot. Moreover, a strong static magnetic field gradient exists in the direction perpendicular to the apparatus surface. The strength of the static magnetic field gradient near the center of the apparatus surface is about 10.2 T/m; one-dimensional imaging of thin objects and liquid self-diffusion coefficient measurements can be performed therein. The available spatial resolution of the one-dimensional imaging experiments using a 5×5 mm horizontal sample area is about 200 μm. Several nondestructive inspection applications of the apparatus, including distinguishing between polyethylene grains of different densities, characterizing epoxy putties of distinct set times and evaluating the fat content percentages of milk powders, are also demonstrated. Compared with many previously published designs, the proposed design bears a simple structure and generates a B₀ magnetic field parallel to the apparatus surface, simplifying apparatus construction and simultaneously rendering the selection of the radiofrequency coil relatively flexible.