区域压缩PINN算法在双曲守恒律方程求解中的应用

为捕捉双曲守恒律方程间断,提高算法求解精度,本文应用区域压缩PINN(physics-informed neural networks)算法对双曲守恒律方程近似求解。首先,对物理方程添加速度梯度监测函数,以此识别和压缩大梯度区域;随后,针对不同初始条件的双曲守恒律方程,设定相应的大梯度区域压缩控制系数,降低其在损失函数中占的比重;最后,将带有速度梯度权重项的损失函数放入神经网络中训练,通过最小化损失函数学习方程在整个区域上的解。利用区域压缩PINN算法求解各种经典双曲守恒律问题,通过对满足不同初始条件的一维和二维双曲守恒律方程进行数值模拟,并与经典PINN算法结果进行比较,验证了区域压缩PINN算法的良好性能。     

求解双曲守恒律的修正模板近似的五阶WENO格式

针对经典的五阶加权本质无振荡(WENO)格式在间断附近耗散过大以及临界点不能保精度的问题,本文提出了一种新的修正模板近似方法。改进了经典五阶WENO-JS格式中各候选子模板上数值通量的二阶多项式逼近,通过加入三次修正项使模板逼近达到四阶精度,并且通过引入可调函数φ使得新的格式具有ENO性质,理论分析新的格式具有保精度特性,通过一系列数值算例说明了新格式的高效性。     

Simulation of transients in natural gas pipelines using hybrid TVD schemes

The mathematical model describing transients in natural gas pipelines constitutes a non‐homogeneous system of non‐linear hyperbolic conservation laws. The time splitting approach is adopted to solve this non‐homogeneous hyperbolic model. At each time step, the non‐homogeneous hyperbolic model is split into a homogeneous hyperbolic model and an ODE operator. An explicit 5‐point, second‐order‐accurate total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme is formulated to solve the homogeneous system of non‐linear hyperbolic conservation laws. Special attention is given to the treatment of boundary conditions at the inlet and the outlet of the pipeline. Hybrid methods involving the Godunov scheme (TVD/Godunov scheme) or the Roe scheme (TVD/Roe scheme) or the Lax–Wendroff scheme (TVD/LW scheme) are used to achieve appropriate boundary handling strategy. A severe condition involving instantaneous closure of a downstream valve is used to test the efficacy of the new schemes. The results produced by the TVD/Roe and TVD/Godunov schemes are excellent and comparable with each other, while the TVD/LW scheme performs reasonably well. The TVD/Roe scheme is applied to simulate the transport of a fast transient in a short pipe and the propagation of a slow transient in a long transmission pipeline. For the first example, the scheme produces excellent results, which capture and maintain the integrity of the wave fronts even after a long time. For the second example, comparisons of computational results are made using different discretizing parameters. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solitary wave solution to Aw-Rascle viscous model of traffic flow

A traveling wave solution to the Aw-Rascle traffic flow model that includes the relaxation and diffusion terms is investigated. The model can be approximated by the well-known Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. A numerical simulation is conducted by the first-order accurate Lax-Friedrichs scheme, which is known for its ability to capture the entropy solution to hyperbolic conservation laws. Periodic boundary conditions are applied to simulate a lengthy propagation, where the profile of the derived KdV solution is taken as the initial condition to observe the change of the profile. The simulation shows good agreement between the approximated KdV solution and the numerical solution.     

A multi-dimensional time-marching method of characteristics for viscous and heat-conducting flows

Summary A numerical scheme is presented which employs the characteristic surfaces in space-time for solving Navier-Stokes equations for compressible fluid flow. We consider the general case of a three-dimensional flow, a simplification of which yields the equations of the two-dimensional case. Emphasis is put on the method itself. We apply it to simulate a laminar hypersonic flow around a circular cylinder of a five-components gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen with thermally perfect constituents and at chemical nonequilibrium. First, the partial differential equations are transformed into a standard form with directional derivatives, enabling to attain the compatibility conditions, including the viscosity terms. These conditions are discretized by approximating their integrals along the corresponding characteristic surfaces. The result is an explicit time-marching numerical scheme. Using a grid fitted between the shock and the cylinder, and starting from roughly estimated initial conditions, a steady solution is searched. A comparison is made with the solution obtained under the assumption of a perfect gas. Received 6 April 1999; accepted for publication 13 May 1999     

求解浅水波方程的半离散中心迎风方法

将Jin's的界面方法应用到求解双曲守恒型方程的半离散中心迎风方法中,给出了一种新的求解浅水波方程的半离散中心迎风差分方法。对于源项,不是采用传统的单元均值而是采用单元界面处的值来近似,使所得格式对稳定态的求解是均衡的。且已证明所给的二阶精度的求解格式保持水深的非负性,这一特性使其能够较好的处理干河床问题。使用该方法产生的数值粘性(与O(Δ2r-1)同阶)要比交错的中心格式小(与O(Δx2r/Δt)同阶),而且由于数值粘性与时间步长无关,从而时间步长可根据稳定性需要尽可能的小,因此适用于稳定态的求解。     

On axisymmetric motion of an incompressible elastic medium under impact loading

The method of matched asymptotic expansions was employed to obtain approximate solutions to the one-dimensional boundary-value problems of nonlinear dynamic elasticity theory of impact loading on the surface of a cylindrical cavity of an incompressible medium that causes antiplane motion or torsion of the medium. The expansion of the solution in the near-front region is based on solutions of evolution equations different from the equations for quasi-simple waves. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 144–151, November–December, 2006.     

Flux calculation at the interface between two rock types for two-phase flow in porous media

When simulating two-phase flow in porous media, one has to consider the case where there is a discontinuity in the medium. There relative permeabilities and capillary pressure functions may change and we address the problem of calculating the convective part of the numerical flux at the interface between the two rock types. Several solutions are compared.     

通量限制器对算法性能的影响

在非正交曹线坐标系下,本文给出了求解非线性双曲型Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程的ＬＵ－ＡＵＳＭＬＷ算法。为了改进该算法的性能,将高分辨率ＡＵＳＭＰＷ格式的空间精度由一阶精度扩展到三阶精度。分析了选择通量限制器对算法稳定性、收敛性和精度的影响,并构造了一种新的能量限制器。本文数值结果表明,通量限制器是决定ＬＵ－ＡＵＳＭＰＷ算法性能的关键因素,并且该算法采用本文构造的通量限制器,求解非线性双曲型Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程,具有较     

On the discontinuous Galerkin computation of N‐waves focusing

Sonic boom focusing phenomenon can be predicted using the solution to the nonlinear Tricomi equation which is a hybrid (hyperbolic‐elliptic) second‐order partial differential equation. In this paper, the hyperbolic conservation law form is derived, which is valid in the entire domain. In this manner, the presence of two regions where the equation behaves differently (hyperbolic in the upper and elliptic in the lower half‐plane) is avoided. On the upper boundary, a new mixed boundary condition for the acoustic pressure is employed. The discretization is carried out using a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method combined with a Runge–Kutta total‐variation diminishing scheme. The results show the accuracy of DG methods to solve problems involving sharp gradients and discontinuities. Comparisons with analytical results for the linear case, and other numerical results using classical explicit and compact finite difference schemes and weighted essentially non‐oscillatory schemes are included. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非线性变形节理中纵波传播特性的理论研究

基于波前动量守恒理论和位移不连续方法所提出的时域分析新方法,引入岩石非线性法向本构关系,对弹性纵波在岩石非线性节理中的传播特性进行了理论分析。采用节理变形的双曲线模型(BB模型),获得纵波P波斜入射非线性节理的传播波动方程,并通过参数研究分析了在岩石节理中节理非线性系数、节理初始刚度、应力波入射角和入射波幅值等因素对纵波传播规律的影响。结果表明:所推导的应力波传播方程在考虑多种非线性问题时,通过迭代计算即可方便求出透射波和反射波的数值解,避免了复杂的数学运算;当波斜入射节理面时,产生了波型转换,节理变形的非线性对透射波和反射波有较大影响,透射系数和反射系数并非随着非线性参数的变化而单调变化。时域内所推导的波传播方程更有益于波斜入射时非线性参数的广泛研究,为开展该方面的理论研究工作提供了借鉴。     

Determination of the Wave Structure of the Three-Phase Flow Riemann Problem

In a previous paper (Transp. Porous Media,55(1): 47–70), algorithms are given for computing the analytical solution to the three-phase Riemann problem. Application of those algorithms requires that the wave configuration is known. The purpose of this note is to provide a procedure to determine the wave structure for any initial and injected saturation states.     

双同守恒律方程的加权本质无振荡格式新进展

近几年,在计算流体力学中,高精度、高分辨率的加权本质无振荡(weighted essentially non-oscillatory , WENO)格式得到很大的发展.WENO格式的主要思想是通过低阶的数值流通量的凸组合重构得到高阶的逼近,并且在间断附近具有本质无振荡的性质.本文综合介绍了双曲守恒律方程的有限差分和有限体积迎风型WENO,中心WENO,紧致中心WENO以及优化的WENO格式等,讨论了负权的处理和多维问题的解决方法.最后,通过一些算例证明WENO格式的高精度,本质无振荡的性质.图6参40      

Shift of shock position for a class of nonlinear singularly perturbed problems

Thenonlinearsingularlyperturbedproblemisaveryattentiveobjectofstudyintheinternationalacademiccircles[1].Recently ,manyscholarsstudiedagreatdealofwork .Forexample,Boh啨[2 ],ButuzovandSmurov[3],O’Malley ,Jr.[4 ],Butuzov ,NefedovandSchneider[5 ]andKelley[6 ]andsoon .TheauthorconsideredaclassofsingularlyperturbednonlinearboundaryvalueproblemsfortheordinarydifferentialequationinRefs .[7～ 1 0 ] ,reactiondiffusionequationsinRefs.[1 1～ 1 3 ] ,singularlyperturbedproblemswithnonlocalboundarycond…     

Relative Permeabilities for Strictly Hyperbolic Models of Three-Phase Flow in Porous Media

Traditional mathematical models of multiphase flow in porous media use a straightforward extension of Darcys equation. The key element of these models is the appropriate formulation of the relative permeability functions. It is well known that for one-dimensional flow of three immiscible incompressible fluids, when capillarity is neglected, most relative permeability models used today give rise to regions in the saturation space with elliptic behavior (the so-called elliptic regions). We believe that this behavior is not physical, but rather the result of an incomplete mathematical model. In this paper we identify necessary conditions that must be satisfied by the relative permeability functions, so that the system of equations describing three-phase flow is strictly hyperbolic everywhere in the saturation triangle. These conditions seem to be in good agreement with pore-scale physics and experimental data.     

Topology of elementary waves for mixed-type systems of conservation laws

We construct explicitly the fundamental wave manifold for systems of two conservation laws with quadratic flux functions. We describe the shock foliation for this manifold, as well as the singular set of the foliation. We subdivide the manifold into regions where the shock curves form trivial foliations. Sonic surfaces are identified as well. We establish the stability of shock curves underC ³ perturbations of the flux functions in the Whitney topology.In memoriam of Jean Martinet.