CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF RARE-EARTH CALIXARENE COMPLEXES IN POLYMER SYNTHESES

The studies of our group on the catalytic activities of rare earth calixarene complexes in polymer syntheses are reviewed.Rare earth calixarene complexes are effect catalysts for the polymerizations of butadiene,isoprene,ethylene, styrene,propylene oxide,styrene oxide,trimethylene carbonate and 2,2-dimethyl-trimethylene carbonate.     

RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF TRIMETHYLENE CARBONATE CATALYZED BY NOVEL SINGLE COMPONENT RARE EARTH CALIXARENE COMPLEXES

In this paper, ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with rare earth (Nd, Y, La) p-tert-butylcalix[n]arene (n=4, 6, and 8) complexes as catalysts has been studied. Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) with Mv of 21,400 was produced by bulk polymerization under the conditions as follows: [TMC]0/[Nd] (molar ratio)=1000,80℃,8h. Mechanism study reveals that the polymerization proceeds via a coordination mechanism.     

RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF TRIMETHYLENE CARBONATE BY CALIX[8]ARENE-NEODYMIUM*

Ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with a rare earth calixarene compound as catalysthas been studied for the first time. The effect of TMC/Nd (molar ratio) and polymerization conditions were investigated indetail. It was found that calix[8]arene-neodymium is a highly effective catalyst for the bulk polymerization of TMC and giveshigh molecular weight (M_v = 60,000) polymer. The optimum conditions of TMC polymerization were found to be asfollows:TMC/Nd (molar ratio) = 2,000, 80℃, 16 h. The polymers were characterized by NMR, GPC and DSC. Studying themechanism by NMR showed that the polymerization of TMC catalyzed by calix[8]arene-neodymium proceeds via a cationicmechanism.     

含杯芳烃聚合物的合成与应用

杯芳烃在主客体化学中是继冠醚和环糊精之后被广泛关注的第三代主体分子,能够选择性地与客体分子或离子形成络合物。近年来,含杯芳烃聚合物逐渐受到人们的重视。结合聚合物稳定性好,易于加工的特性,含杯芳烃聚合物将有望被开发成为新型功能高分子材料。本文详细介绍了含杯芳烃聚合物的合成及其应用。     

三亚甲基环碳酸酯及2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯开环均聚合*

生物降解聚合物聚三亚甲基环碳酸酯（PTMC）及聚2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯（PDTC）在药物控释载体及其它生物医学技术领域有着良好的应用前景。与脂肪族聚酯不同,PTMC、PDTC降解时,不会产生有害的酸性化合物。PTMC、PDTC主要由三亚甲基环碳酸酯（TMC）及2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯（DTC）开环均聚合制备。本文总结了催化TMC、DTC开环均聚合的不同催化剂及其聚合机理,综述了近年来国内外在TMC、DTC均聚合催化剂开发上的研究进展,并对生物相容性催化剂如稀土催化剂、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe催化剂以及酶催化剂催化TMC、DTC开环聚合的优缺点进行了比较。     

Exploitation of rare earth catalysts in polymer syntheses

The studies over forty years on rare earth catalysts in polymer syntheses of diene, alkyne, alkylene oxide, thiirane, carbon dioxide copolymerization, lactide, caprolactone, cyclic carbonate and so forth in China have been reviewed. __________ Translated from Gaofenzi Tongbao (Polymer Bulletin) 2005, (4) (in Chinese)     

杯芳烃的配位性质

杯芳烃及其衍生物几乎能够与所有的金属形成配合物, 本文综述了杯芳烃与稀土金属, 杯芳烃与一些过渡金属的配合物, 以及杯芳烃金属有机化合物和特殊的穴内配合物。     

双金属氰化物/稀土配合物催化二氧化碳和环氧丙烷的共聚合

使用双金属氰化物/稀土配合物复合催化剂催化二氧化碳和环氧丙烷共聚合,其催化效率比双金属氰化物催化剂有显著提高,得到了数均相对分子质量大于1.0×105的聚合物。研究了复合催化剂的组成(如稀土的种类、稀土与锌的比例(Ln/Zn)、稀土配合物中酸根离子的酸性等)对共聚反应的影响,同时研究了反应体系的压力及反应时间对催化活性的影响。采用Y(CCl3COO)3稀土金属配合物有利于共聚反应的进行。当n(Y)/n(Zn)=6、聚合4 h后,其催化活性比单纯的双金属氰化物提高了31.5%,聚合物的相对分子质量则没有太大变化,而副产物碳酸丙烯酯的质量分数低于2%,而在该温度下单独采用稀土三元催化剂时副产物碳酸丙烯酯的生成量通常在10%以上。聚合物中碳酸酯含量低于双金属氰化物的催化产物,说明稀土配合物只是起到活化金属与环氧丙烷配位的作用,没有提高共聚物的碳酸酯含量,整个共聚合反应依然遵循双金属氰化物催化的共聚反应机理。     

A comparison of polymerization characteristics and mechanisms of ε-caprolactone and trimethylene-carbonate with rare earth halides

Characteristics and mechanisms of the ring opening-polymerizations of ε-caprolactone (CL) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with rare earth halides have been compared for the first time. It has been found that rare earth halides show high catalytic activities for the polymerization of TMC, but very low activities for that of CL polymerization. The copolymerization of CL and TMC can proceed only in the presence of high contents of TMC in the comonomer feed. The copolymerization rate decreases rapidly with increasing molar fraction of CL in the feed. The mechanism study by IR, ¹H-, ¹³C-, and ³¹P-NMR spectra shows that the first step reaction of the polymerization of TMC or CL with rare earth halide is the complexation of monomer to the rare earth ion. The strong coordination of TMC to rare earth ion induces the ring-cleavage of TMC and generation of the cationic species, which initiate the polymerization of TMC via a cationic process. However, the polymerization of CL with rare earth halide is an “activated-hydrolysis” process, in which rare earth catalyst does not initiate the polymerization but serves as an activator of CL. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 1339–1352, 1997     

聚丙烯酸/聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)二苯酰基甲烷铕(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及其荧光性能

铕(Ⅲ)和二苯甲酰甲烷(HDBM)形成的有机配合物与聚丙烯酸(PAA)(M_n=5000)、聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)(PSAA)(M_n=3000)发生配位反应,分别得到配位聚合物Eu(Ⅲ)-DBM-PAA和NaEu(Ⅲ)-DBM-PSAA,产率分别为89.7%和87.3%.红外光谱、紫外光谱、X光电子能谱测试表明,Eu³⁺分别与PAA,PSAA和DBM-发生配位,元素分析和电导率测定结果证明,1个Eu³⁺分别与PAA中2个链节或PSAA中3个链节的羧基和1个DBM-发生配位.Eu³⁺离子在配位聚合物Eu(Ⅲ)-DBM-PAA和Eu(Ⅲ)-DBM-PSAA中的含量分别为28.46%和12.23%.荧光光谱表明,常温下配位聚合物在紫外光下发出强的红光,主要是Eu³⁺离子的5D0→7F2的能级跃迁.     

Iron and cobalt salicylaldimine complexes as catalysts for epoxide and carbon dioxide coupling: effects of substituents on catalytic activity

The synthesis and characterization of substituted ONNO-donor salen-type Schiff base complexes of general formula [M^III(L)Cl] (L = Schiff base ligand, M = Fe, Co) is reported. The complexes have been applied as catalysts for the coupling of carbon dioxide and styrene oxide in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide as a co-catalyst. The reactions were carried out under relatively low-pressure and solvent-free conditions. The effects of the metal center, ligands, and various substituents on the peripheral sites of the ligand on the coupling reaction were investigated. The catalyst systems were found to be selective for the coupling of CO₂ and styrene oxide, resulting in cyclic styrene carbonate. The cobalt(III) complex with no substituents on the ligand showed higher activity (TON = 1297) than the corresponding iron(III) complex (TON = 814); however, the iron(III)-based catalysts bearing electron-withdrawing substituents on the salen ligands (NEt₃, TON = 1732) showed the highest catalytic activity under similar reaction conditions. The activity of one of the cobalt(III) complexes toward the coupling of 1-butene oxide, cyclohexene oxide and propylene oxide with CO₂ was evaluated, revealing a notable activity for the coupling of 1-butene oxide.     

掺杂稀土配合物的无机/高分子纳米杂化薄膜的 制备与发光性能

通过在溶胶-凝胶过程中引入高分子组分,并将稀土配合物掺杂其中的方法得到了具有良好发光性能的无机/高分子杂化薄膜,它们有很好的韧性和透明性,测定了薄膜的荧光光谱和荧光寿命,发现它们均发射出稀土离子的特征荧光且寿命比本体配合物增长。透射电镜的观察表明配合物在SiO~2/高分子互穿网络中分布较均匀,分散尺度在20～30nm之间。     

含稀土铽(Ⅲ)配合物透明树脂的制备及性能研究

含稀土元素的有机高分子 具有稀土离子独特的光、电、磁特性,又具有有机高分子材料优良的性能,是极具潜在应用价值的功能材料,早在1963年,Wolff和Pressley首次研究以高分子为基质的稀土荧光材料,引起了人们的广泛兴趣,80年代以来,高分子链上直接键合稀土配合物的研究也引起了化学家的注意。Okamoto和李文连等在较高稀土浓度下仍可以制成透明柔韧的薄膜。而由于稀土无机物与树脂的相容性差,难以均匀地分散到树脂中,所以获得发光功能高分子体相材料十分困难,本文首次报道将几种稀土铽（Ⅲ）配合物复合于苯乙烯（St）／甲基丙烯酸（HMA）的共聚体系之中,制备了具有发光功能的透明树脂,对其相关性能进行了研究,考察了稀土元素含量、组分配比等因素对聚合物透明性和发光性能的影响,结果表明：高分子网络给稀土配合物提供了稳定的化学环境,有利于展现其优良的发光性能,同时,稀土配合物赋予了光学树脂新的功能性。     

稀土与华法灵、水杨酸三元配合物的合成和抗凝血作用研究

用氯化稀土与华法灵钠、水杨酸钠在不同介质中制备了稀土三元配合物, 所试验各种制备方法均可获得恒定组成的配合物REL₂L'•2H₂O (HL＝华法灵离子; HL'＝水杨酸离子). 通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、X射线衍射、摩尔电导、电子吸收光谱和溶解性试验对配合物进行了表征. 抗凝血试验表明稀土三元配合物具有优良的抗凝血性质.     

含双噻唑高分子及其螯合物的制备和磁性能研究进展

设计和合成有机及高分子磁性材料是当前国内外十分关注的课题,本课题组在先前研究的基础上,以电子理论和磁性理论为指导,从分子设计出发,合成出含双噻唑新型芳杂环聚合物及其过渡金属离子或稀土离子螯合物,测定了它们的磁性能,研究高分子结构、螯合物组成与磁性能的关系,探索产生磁性的机理.发现本研究体系的高分子螯合物具有顺磁居里温度(Tp)高,剩余磁场(Mr)少,矫顽力(Hc)低,是一类很好的软磁性材料,呈现出有一定特色的磁性能.本文综述了含双噻唑高分子过渡金属螯合物、稀土金属螯合物、纳米碳管接枝高分子及其螯合物的制备和磁性能研究,以及典型螯合物的非常规磁性现象的发现和机理探索研究.     

Synthesis of lanthanum-doped MCM-48 molecular sieves and its catalytic performance for the oxidation of styrene

Lanthanum-doped MCM-48 molecular sieves with different La contents were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results show that the majority of La cations have been incorporated into the framework of MCM-48 molecular sieves. When the molar ratio of La/Si is >0.039 in the sample, some of lanthanum species exist in the extraframework. Compared with pure silicate MCM-48, lanthanum-doped MCM-48 samples show the medium strong acidity that is due to the incorporation of La in the framework of silica. In the oxidation of styrene with H(2)O(2) as the oxidant over the lanthanum-doped MCM-48 catalysts, benzaldehyde is the main product with a small amount of styrene oxide. The La content in the catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time, and solvent affect greatly the catalytic oxidation of styrene. The conversion of styrene and the selectivity to styrene oxide increase noticeably when a small amount of NaOH aqueous solution is added into the reaction mixture. Ln-doped MCM-48 catalysts with 14 kinds of rare earth elements were synthesized hydrothermally and evaluated for the oxidation of styrene. The results show that their catalytic performance is tremendously different and depends on the nature of rare earth elements doped in the MCM-48 mesoporous materials.     

二羟基二羟乙氧基杯[4]芳烃的合成与性质研究

通过杯[4]芳烃与碘乙醇的反应,制得了25,27-二羟基-26,28-二羟乙氧基杯[4]芳烃,经IR,UV,1HNMR,13CNMR和MS等分析证实了产物的结构.用荧光光谱法研究了产物与稀土(Ⅲ)硝酸盐在乙腈溶液中的配位作用,并根据扩展的Hilderbrand-Benesi公式计算了配合物的稳定常数和配位反应的Gibbs自由能变化,结果发现,25,27-二羟基-26,28-二羟乙氧基杯[4]芳烃与稀土(Ⅲ)硝酸盐在乙腈溶液中具有较强的配位能力.     

阳离子型稀土金属有机化合物

阳离子型金属有机化合物是催化烯烃聚合反应的活性物种,其结构与性质直接影响所得聚合物的微观结构和性能,具有重要的研究价值。对四族金属有机化合物的深入研究也推动了对其他前过渡金属和稀土金属有机化合物的研究。与为数众多的中性及阴离子型稀土金属有机化合物相比,由于具有较高的反应性、合成与分离不易,阳离子型稀土金属有机化合物直到最近才逐渐得到重视。本文介绍了近年来在阳离子型稀土金属有机化合物的合成、结构和催化烯烃聚合反应领域的研究进展。     

聚合物稀土配合物发光材料的合成与性能研究

聚合物稀土配合物兼具稀土离子独特的发光特性和聚合物易加工成型等优点,在平面显示和信息通讯等领域具有巨大的应用潜力,研究开发新型大分子配体以及稀土含量高且荧光强的聚合物稀土配合物材料具有重要意义。本文重点对聚合物稀土配合物发光材料结构设计和合成方法的研究进展进行了综述,并从大分子配体和高分子稀土配合物的结构与发光性能关系...     

Recent Advances in Rare‐Earth Polypnictides

The polypnictide complexes of rare earth cations have drawn the attention of the scientific community for their uncommon bonding modes and potential applications. Herein, we present a systematic and comprehensive summary on recent advances in the field of rare earth polypnictides, focusing on their synthesis, structures, and reactivities. The structural stabilizing effects imposed by the electropositive rare earth cations as well as the reducing capability of rare earth precursors in the synthesis of these polypnictide complexes are described in this review. We also disscuss in detail the bonding interactions and coordination modes between rare earth cations and polypnictide clusters as well as the similarities and the peculiarity of some structures.