Space Mapping Approach for Particle Control in Turbulent Flows

Controlling the motion of particles in turbulent flows, the paper at hand presents an efficient space–mapping approach that is based on a hierarchy of models. The approach reduces the highly complex optimization of the k-ε turbulence model for high Reynolds–number flows (fine model) to the cheaper one of the Navier–Stokes equations for smaller Reynolds–number (laminar) flows in direct numerical simulations on coarser grids (coarse model) by help of a space–map function that maps the respective coarse model control onto the desired fine model control. The numerical results are very convincing in terms of accuracy and computational effort. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The Cauchy problem for a Bardina–Oldroyd model to the incompressible viscoelastic flow

In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for a regularized viscoelastic fluid model in space dimension two, the Bardina–Oldroyd model, which is inspired by the simplified Bardina model for the turbulent flows of fluids, introduced by Cao et al. (2006). In particular, we obtain the local existence of smooth solutions to this model via the contraction mapping principle. Furthermore, we prove the global existence of smooth solutions to this system.     

Manufacturing constraints in parameter–free shape optimization

Structural shape optimization has become an important tool for engineers when it comes to improving components with respect to a given goal function. During this process the designer has to ensure that the optimized part stays manufacturable. Depending on the manufacturing process several requirements could be relevant such as demolding or different kinds of symmetry. This work introduces two approaches on how to handle manufacturing constraints in parameter-free shape optimization. In the so–called explicit approach equality and inequality equations are formulated using the coordinates of the FE-nodes. These equations can be used to extend the optimization problem. Since the number of the additional constraint equations may be very large we apply aggregation formulations, e.g. the Kreisselmeier-Steinhauser function, if necessary. In the second approach, the so–called implicit method, the set of design nodes is split in two groups called optimization nodes and dependent nodes. The optimization nodes are now handled as design nodes but the dependent nodes are coupled to the optimization nodes in such a way that the manufacturing constraint is fulfilled. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Adaptive computation for boundary control of radiative heat transfer in glass

This paper is concerned with an optimal boundary control of the cooling down process of glass, an important step in glass manufacturing. Since the computation of the complete radiative heat transfer equations is too complex for optimization purposes, we use simplified approximations of spherical harmonics including a practically relevant frequency bands model. The optimal control problem is considered as a constrained optimization problem. A first-order optimality system is derived and decoupled with the help of a gradient method based on the solution to the adjoint equations. The arising partial differential–algebraic equations of mixed parabolic–elliptic type are numerically solved by a self-adaptive method of lines approach of Rothe type. Adaptive finite elements in space and one-step methods of Rosenbrock-type with variable step sizes in time are applied. We present numerical results for a two-dimensional glass cooling problem.     

Operation strategy optimization of desulfurization system based on data mining

Desulfurization systems in coal-fired power stations often suffer the problem of high operating costs caused by a rule-of-thumb control strategy, which implies great potential for optimization of the operation. Due to the complex desulfurization mechanism, frequently fluctuating unit load, and severe disturbance, it is challenging to determine the optimal operating parameters based on the traditional mechanistic models, and the operating parameters are closely related to the operational efficiency of the flue gas desulfurization system. In this paper, an operation strategy optimization method for the desulfurization process is proposed based on a data mining framework, which is able to determine online the optimal operating parameter settings from a large amount of historical data. First, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce data redundancy by mapping the data into a new vector space. Based on the new vector space, an enhanced fuzzy C-means clustering (Enhanced-FCM) is developed to cluster the historical data into groups sharing similar characteristics. Taking sulfur dioxide emission concentration as a constraint condition, the system is optimized with economic benefits and desulfurization efficiency as the objective function. When performing optimization, the group that current operating conditions belong to is determined first, then the operating parameters of the best performance are searched within the group and provided as the optimization results. The method is validated and tested based on the data from a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system of a 1000 MWe supercritical coal-fired power plant in China. The results indicate that the proposed operation strategy can appropriately obtain operating parameter settings at different conditions, and effectively reduce the desulfurization cost under the constraint of meeting emission requirements.     

一类分布鲁棒线性决策随机优化研究

随机优化广泛应用于经济、管理、工程和国防等领域,分布鲁棒优化作为解决分布信息模糊下的随机优化问题近年来成为学术界的研究热点.本文基于φ-散度不确定集和线性决策方式研究一类分布鲁棒随机优化的建模与计算,构建了易于计算实现的分布鲁棒随机优化的上界和下界问题.数值算例验证了模型分析的有效性.     

On loxodromic actions of Artin–Tits groups

Artin–Tits groups act on a certain delta-hyperbolic complex, called the “additional length complex”. For an element of the group, acting loxodromically on this complex is a property analogous to the property of being pseudo-Anosov for elements of mapping class groups. By analogy with a well-known conjecture about mapping class groups, we conjecture that “most” elements of Artin–Tits groups act loxodromically. More precisely, in the Cayley graph of a subgroup G of an Artin–Tits group, the proportion of loxodromically acting elements in a ball of large radius should tend to one as the radius tends to infinity. In this paper, we give a condition guaranteeing that this proportion stays away from zero. This condition is satisfied e.g. for Artin–Tits groups of spherical type, their pure subgroups and some of their commutator subgroups.     

Control of a mechanical aeration process via topological sensitivity analysis

The topological sensitivity analysis method gives the variation of a criterion with respect to the creation of a small hole in the domain. In this paper, we use this method to control the mechanical aeration process in eutrophic lakes. A simplified model based on incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is used, only considering the liquid phase, which is the dominant one. The injected air is taken into account through local boundary conditions for the velocity, on the injector holes. A 3D numerical simulation of the aeration effects is proposed using a mixed finite element method. In order to generate the best motion in the fluid for aeration purposes, the optimization of the injector location is considered. The main idea is to carry out topological sensitivity analysis with respect to the insertion of an injector. Finally, a topological optimization algorithm is proposed and some numerical results, showing the efficiency of our approach, are presented.     

Parameteridentification of Hostun-Sand and Shear-Band Simulation of Landsliding

The simulation of deformation process of landsliding needs the knowledge of the very complex behaviour of granular materials, e. g., sand. The triax experiments on sand show a highly non-linear elasto-plastic material behaviour. Therefore, it is necessary to use a yield criteria, e. g., single-surface yield criteria with isotropic hardening and non-associated plastic potential, which satisfies adequately the requirements of the material properties. This kind of material behaviour can be described by an elasto-plastic material law in the frame of Theory of Porous Media, which is implemented in the FE tool PANDAS. By means of the data of Hostun-Sand, the material parameters of the singlesurface yield criteria are determined by use of a optimization algorithm, namely Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) a gradient based optimization method, which is coupled with PANDAS. Using this optimized material parameters, a simulation of a initial boundary-value problem of landsliding is presented. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A global optimization method for the design of space trajectories

The problem of optimally designing a trajectory for a space mission is considered in this paper. Actual mission design is a complex, multi-disciplinary and multi-objective activity with relevant economic implications. In this paper we will consider some simplified models proposed by the European Space Agency as test problems for global optimization (GTOP database). We show that many trajectory optimization problems can be quite efficiently solved by means of relatively simple global optimization techniques relying on standard methods for local optimization. We show in this paper that our approach has been able to find trajectories which in many cases outperform those already known. We also conjecture that this problem displays a “funnel structure” similar, in some sense, to that of molecular optimization problems.     

Nuclear solitary waves

This paper gives an overview of our recent work on the fission solitary wave reactor concept. In order to gain an insight into this problem a simple but appropriate model, namely a one–group diffusion equation coupled with simplified burn–up equations of e.g. the common U238–Pu239 conversion chain is studied. It is shown that this coupled system is analytically solvable in its one–dimensional case and a permanent plane solitary wave exists in a fertile medium, e.g. natural uranium. This wave mechanism could realize a nuclear reactor, which possess a constant reactivity and, more importantly, improves significantly the utilization of nuclear fuel. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A generalization of Voronoi's unit algorithm I

By means of a new method of mapping an algebraic number field into a euclidean space Voronoi's unit algorithm is generalized to all algebraic number fields and it is proved that the generalized Voronoi algorithm computes the fundamental units of all algebraic number fields of unit rank 1, i.e., of the real quadratic fields, of the complex cubic fields, and of the totally complex quartic fields.     

A coordinate gradient descent method for nonsmooth separable minimization

We consider the problem of minimizing the sum of a smooth function and a separable convex function. This problem includes as special cases bound-constrained optimization and smooth optimization with ?₁-regularization. We propose a (block) coordinate gradient descent method for solving this class of nonsmooth separable problems. We establish global convergence and, under a local Lipschitzian error bound assumption, linear convergence for this method. The local Lipschitzian error bound holds under assumptions analogous to those for constrained smooth optimization, e.g., the convex function is polyhedral and the smooth function is (nonconvex) quadratic or is the composition of a strongly convex function with a linear mapping. We report numerical experience with solving the ?₁-regularization of unconstrained optimization problems from Moré et al. in ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 7, 17–41, 1981 and from the CUTEr set (Gould and Orban in ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 29, 373–394, 2003). Comparison with L-BFGS-B and MINOS, applied to a reformulation of the ?₁-regularized problem as a bound-constrained optimization problem, is also reported.     

用可视化方法优化微生物培养基的营养条件

应用可视化方法,对生物发酵培养基的营养条件进行优化.以培养基组成构建多维向量空间,通过降维分析法将多维空间的拓扑结构展现在二维平面上,变成可视化图像,并自动产生目标函数等值线.从中得出同时满足各项指标值的最佳操作区域,并运用逆映射公式将得出最优化区域逆推到原高维空间,进而得到最优培养基组成.以锌酵母为例,介绍可视化方法优化全过程.     

Convergence and finite determination of formal CR mappings

It is shown that a formal mapping between two real-analytic hypersurfaces in complex space is convergent provided that neither hypersurface contains a nontrivial holomorphic variety. For higher codimensional generic submanifolds, convergence is proved e.g. under the assumption that the source is of finite type, the target does not contain a nontrivial holomorphic variety, and the mapping is finite. Finite determination (by jets of a predetermined order) of formal mappings between smooth generic submanifolds is also established.

     

Chaotic spread spectrum watermark of optimal space-filling curves

Spread spectrum watermarking scheme is becoming an important research subject. In this paper, we present a method based on Peano–Hilbert space-filling curves for enhancing the robustness. Peano–Hilbert curve is a continuous mapping from one-dimensional space onto two-dimensional space. It is useful in many applications including quantum mechanics even, and preserves optimal locality. At the same time, we utilize a specified chaotic dynamic system–ICMIC map, which shows lowpass properties when the controlling parameter is devised. In this case, the watermarking detection resorts to the Neyman–Pearson criterion based on some statistical assumptions. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can work well under JPEG compression and resist line-removal test.     

Using artificial reaction force to design compliant mechanism with multiple equality displacement constraints

Monolithic compliant mechanisms are elastic workpieces which transmit force and displacement from an input position to an output position. Continuum topology optimization is suitable to generate the optimized topology, shape and size of such compliant mechanisms. The optimization strategy for a single input single output compliant mechanism under volume constraint is known to be best implemented using an optimality criteria or similar mathematical programming method. In this standard form, the method appears unsuitable for the design of compliant mechanisms which are subject to multiple outputs and multiple constraints. Therefore an optimization model that is subject to multiple design constraints is required. With regard to the design problem of compliant mechanisms subject to multiple equality displacement constraints and an area constraint, we here present a unified sensitivity analysis procedure based on artificial reaction forces, in which the key idea is built upon the Lagrange multiplier method. Because the resultant sensitivity expression obtained by this procedure already compromises the effects of all the equality displacement constraints, a simple optimization method, such as the optimality criteria method, can then be used to implement an area constraint. Mesh adaptation and anisotropic filtering method are used to obtain clearly defined monolithic compliant mechanisms without obvious hinges. Numerical examples in 2D and 3D based on linear small deformation analysis are presented to illustrate the success of the method.     

Localized Solutions of a Piecewise Linear Model of the Stationary Swift–Hohenberg Equation on the Line and on the Plane

In this paper we study a simplified model of the stationary Swift–Hohenberg equation, where the cubic nonlinearity is replaced by a piecewise linear function with similar properties. The main goal is to prove the existence of so-called localized solutions of this equation, i.e., solutions decaying to a homogeneous zero state with unbounded increase of the space variable. The following two cases of the space variable are considered: one-dimensional (on the whole line) and two-dimensional; in the latter case, radially symmetric solutions are studied. The existence of such solutions and increase of their number with change in the equation parameters are shown.     

Nonlinear FCS-MPC strategy of NPC/H-5 L inverter based on satisfactory optimization algorithm

In the design of the cost function in the nonlinear finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) system, the traditional method based on weighting factors demonstrates some limitations, such as the weighting factors adjusting and heavy predictive calculation due to the increased number of voltage vectors applied in controlling multilevel converters. This paper proposes a simplified FCS-MPC method based on common mode voltage satisfactory optimization, which could considerably reduce the predictive calculation by the optimized switch combination and simplify the cost function design. Moreover, satisfactory optimization is adopted to achieve the accuracy control of common-mode voltage amplitude without adjusting process of weighting factors. The simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of this control strategy.     

基于径向基函数网络的区域物流能力投资结构优化

针对如何有效地提高区域物流能力,以推动区域经济增长的问题,构建了区域物流能力的投资结构优化模型.首先详细分析了优化区域产业投资结构能增强区域物流能力的原因,从产业结构的角度揭示了区域物流能力与产业投资分配之间复杂的非线性关系;然后采用径向基函数神经网络实现了它们之间的非线性映射,进而建立了有约束条件限制的非线性规划投资结构优化模型;最后以四川省2005年的产业投资实际数据为基础,采用改进遗传算法对该模型进行求解,获得了优化问题的近似最优解以及投资结构的优化方向.优化结果表明:建立的模型对产业投资结构的优化是合理、有效的,从而提供了一个能提高区域物流能力的实用且切实可行的新方法.