流动注射法同时测定海水中氨氮和磷酸盐

采用流动注射法同时测定海水中氨氮和磷酸盐的含量。在优化的试验条件下,氨氮和磷酸盐的线性范围分别为0.25 mg·L-1和0.30 mg·L-1以内,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.42μg·L-1和0.56μg·L-1。氨氮和磷酸盐加标回收率分别在85.0%~103%和86.7%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在0.43%~5.3%和0~4.1%之间。方法用于分析标准物质,测定结果与分光光度法的结果一致。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铌精矿中铌、锰、钛

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铌精矿中铌、锰、钛的含量。选择铌、锰、钛的分析谱线分别为309.418,257.610,334.940nm。铌、锰、钛的线性范围在1.00~10.00mg·L-1之间,方法的检出限(3s)在0.010~0.015mg·L-1之间。方法用于标准样品B-K1的分析,测定值与认定值一致。加标回收率在94.5%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在1.4%~2.7%之间。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱法测定地表水和废水中55种挥发性有机物含量

采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱法测定地表水和废水中55种挥发性有机物的含量。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为65℃和50min。在气相色谱分离中用DB-624色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用全扫描和选择离子监测模式。以氟苯和1,2-二氯苯-D4为内标物。55种挥发性有机物的线性范围均为10.0~400μg·L-1。全扫描模式下,检出限在0.8~6.8μg·L-1之间,加标回收率在81.3%~116%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.40%~15%之间。在选择离子监测模式下,检出限在0.2~1.1μg·L-1之间,加标回收率在81.0%~117%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.40%~6.5%之间。     

共振散射光谱法测定卡波姆

基于卡波姆在强酸性介质中产生自聚集作用导致其共振散射光显著增强,建立了测定卡波姆的共振散射光谱法。在优化的试验条件下,卡波姆940,971P,974P质量浓度的线性范围分别为20~120mg·L-1,50~300 mg·L-1,20~300 mg·L-1,检出限(3σ)分别为0.2,0.03,0.14μg·L-1。方法用于样品分析,加标回收率在96.9%~100%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%~2.3%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素的含量。烟用香精香料样品与萃取剂的比例为1g比100mL,在500W下超声萃取10min。在气相色谱分离中用DBWAXETR毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。以丙酸苯乙酯为内标物。香兰素和乙基香兰素的线性范围均为0.5~200mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.03,0.02mg·kg-1。加标回收率在91.4%~109%之间,测定值的日内相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.43%~2.2%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.67%~2.6%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯

应用气相色谱-质谱法测定酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,所得提取液用DB-5MS UI色谱柱分离,在全扫描/选择离子监测共用模式下测定。16种邻苯二甲酸酯的质量浓度均在0.5~10.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.01~0.10mg·L-1之间。日间加标回收率在83.7%~114%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.4%~9.8%之间;日内加标回收率在81.9%~113%之间,日内相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%~6.7%之间。     

固相萃取-离子色谱法测定土壤中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

提出了离子色谱法测定土壤中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的方法。土壤试样经水超声浸取,采用OnGuardⅡP和OnGuardⅡRP固相萃取柱净化,以AS11-HC为分析柱、AG11-HC为保护柱,萃取液中的NO2-和NO3-用15mmol·L-1氢氧化钾溶液洗脱分离,并用抑制电导检测器同时测定其含量。亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐质量浓度分别在0.01～1.00mg·L-1和0.10～10.0mg·L-1范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.16,0.24μg·g-1。方法的加标回收率分别在85.0%～100%和93.5%～106%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别在2.9%～4.1%和2.2%～3.4%之间。     

苯胺蓝-溴酸钾体系催化分光光度法测定水中痕量亚硝酸盐

在硫酸介质中,亚硝酸盐对溴酸钾氧化苯胺蓝褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此提出了测定痕量亚硝酸盐催化分光光度方法。优化的试验条件如下:1 1.0mol·L-1硫酸溶液的用量为1.8mL;2 3×10-4 mol·L-1苯胺蓝溶液用量为1.5mL;3 0.02mol·L-1溴酸钾溶液用量为1.1mL;4反应温度为30℃。该方法的线性范围分别为0.01~0.2mg·L-1和0.2~1.0mg·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为4.6×10-6g·L-1。方法用于水样的分析,回收率在96.0%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~2.3%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定消费品中有机锡

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定玩具、纺织品及食品接触材料等消费品中有机锡的含量。消费品样品经甲醇超声萃取。三丁基锡的质量浓度在9.00~365μg·L-1范围内与其光谱强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为0.3mg·kg-1。加标回收率在84.2%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在2.8%~6.0%之间。     

离子色谱法测定肉制品中5种食品添加剂北大核心CSCD

采用离子色谱法同时测定肉制品中的亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、山梨酸、苯甲酸、安赛蜜。1.000 0g样品经10mL 20mmol·L^(-1) NaOH溶液提取,提取液过OnGuard Ⅱ Ag固相萃取小柱和0.22μm滤膜后,选用IonPac AS 19阴离子交换分析柱和IonPac AG 19阴离子保护柱进行色谱分离,以KOH淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,采用电导检测器。5种食品添加剂的线性范围为0.2~8.0mg·L^(-1),亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、山梨酸、苯甲酸、安赛蜜的检出限(3S/N)分别为10,15,60,50,11μg·kg^(-1)。加标回收率在82.5%~111%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于9.0%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.