Bounds on exponentials of local number operators in quantum statistical mechanics

We consider the quantum systems of interacting Bose particles confined to a bounded region of the configuration spaces ^v . For a class of superstable interactions we obtain bounds on exponentials of local number operators for any temperature and activity. The method we use is the Wiener integral formalism in statistical mechanics. As a consequence any thermodynamic limit states are entire analytic and locally normal in the CCR algebra. In some cases these are modular states.Research supported in part by a grant from Korean Science Foundation     

Bound States of Infinite Curved Polymer Chains

We investigate an infinite array of point interactions of the same strength in ^d , d = 2, 3, situated at vertices of a polygonal curve with a fixed edge length. We demonstrate that if the curve is not a line, but it is asymptotically straight in a suitable sense, the corresponding Hamiltonian has bound states. An example is given in which the number of these bound states can exceed any positive integer.     

A Kinetic Model of Quantum Jumps

A new class of models describing the dissipative dynamics of an open quantum system S by means of random time evolutions of pure states in its Hilbert space is considered. The random evolutions are linear and defined by Poisson processes. At the random Poissonian times, the wavefunction experiences discontinuous changes (quantum jumps). These changes are implemented by some non-unitary linear operators satisfying a locality condition. If the Hilbert space of S is infinite dimensional, the models involve an infinite number of independent Poisson processes and the total frequency of jumps may be infinite. We show that the random evolutions in are then given by some almost-surely defined unbounded random evolution operators obtained by a limit procedure. The average evolution of the observables of S is given by a quantum dynamical semigroup, its generator having the Lindblad form.⁽¹⁾ The relevance of the models in the field of electronic transport in Anderson insulators is emphasised.     

Symmetry breaking and finite-size effects in quantum many-body systems

We consider a quantum many-body system on a lattice which exhibits a spontaneous symmetry breaking in its infinite-volume ground states, but in which the corresponding order operator does not commute with the Hamiltonian. Typical examples are the Heisenberg antiferromagnet with a Néel order and the Hubbard model with a (superconducting) off-diagonal long-range order. In the corresponding finite system, the symmetry breaking is usually obscured by quantum fluctuation and one gets a symmetric ground state with a long-range order. In such a situation, Horsch and von der Linden proved that the finite system has a low-lying eigenstate whose excitation energy is not more than of orderN ^–1, whereN denotes the number of sites in the lattice. Here we study the situation where the broken symmetry is a continuous one. For a particular set of states (which are orthogonal to the ground state and with each other), we prove bounds for their energy expectation values. The bounds establish that there exist ever-increasing numbers of low-lying eigenstates whose excitation energies are bounded by a constant timesN ^–1. A crucial feature of the particular low-lying states we consider is that they can be regarded as finite-volume counterparts of the infinite-volume ground states. By forming linear combinations of these low-lying states and the (finite-volume) ground state and by taking infinite-volume limits, we construct infinite-volume ground states with explicit symmetry breaking. We conjecture that these infinite-volume ground states are ergodic, i.e., physically natural. Our general theorems not only shed light on the nature of symmetry breaking in quantum many-body systems, but also provide indispensable information for numerical approaches to these systems. We also discuss applications of our general results to a variety of interesting examples. The present paper is intended to be accessible to readers without background in mathematical approaches to quantum many-body systems.     

Wegner Estimates for Sign-Changing Single Site Potentials

We study Anderson and alloy-type random Schrödinger operators on ?²(? ^d ) and L ²(? ^d ). Wegner estimates are bounds on the average number of eigenvalues in an energy interval of finite box restrictions of these types of operators. For a certain class of models we prove a Wegner estimate which is linear in the volume of the box and the length of the considered energy interval. The single site potential of the Anderson/alloy-type model does not need to have fixed sign, but it needs be of a generalised step function form. The result implies the Lipschitz continuity of the integrated density of states.     

Some remarks on discrete aperiodic Schrödinger operators

We consider Schrödinger operators onl ²( ) with deterministic aperiodic potential and Schrödinger operators on the l²-space of the set of vertices of Penrose tilings and other aperiodic self-similar tilings. The operators onl ²( ) fit into the formalism of ergodic random Schrödinger operators. Hence, their Lyapunov exponent, integrated density of states, and spectrum are almost-surely constant. We show that they are actually constant: the Lyapunov exponent for one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with potential defined by a primitive substitution, the integrated density of states, and the spectrum in arbitrary dimension if the system is strictly ergodic. We give examples of strictly ergodic Schrödinger operators that include several kinds of almost-periodic operators that have been studied in the literature. For Schrödinger operators on Penrose tilings we prove that the integrated density of states exists and is independent of boundary conditions and the particular Penrose tiling under consideration.     

On the Gibbs states for one-dimensional lattice Boson systems with a long-range interaction

We consider an infinite chain of interacting quantum (anharmonic) oscillators. The pair potential for the oscillators at lattice distanced is proportional to {d ²[log(d+1)]F(d)}^–1 where _rZ [rF(r)]^–1 < . We prove that for any value of the inverse temperature> 0 there exists a limiting Gibbs state which is translationally invariant and ergodic. Furthermore, it is analytic in a natural sense. This shows the absence of phase transitions in the systems under consideration for any value of the thermodynamic parameters.     

On the time evolution of the states of infinitely extended particles systems

We consider an infinite classical system of interacting particles in , . We study the time evolution of a particular class of nonequilibrium states. More precisely, the states we consider are Gibbs with respect to a Hamiltonian which differs from the Hamiltonian governing the motion by an external field (possibly not localized), satisfying certain conditions. It is proved that the time-evolved states satisfy superstable estimate and are described by correlation functions obeying the BBGKY hierarchy in a weak form.     

Tight Uniform Continuity Bounds for Quantum Entropies: Conditional Entropy,Relative Entropy Distance and Energy Constraints

We present a bouquet of continuity bounds for quantum entropies, falling broadly into two classes: first, a tight analysis of the Alicki–Fannes continuity bounds for the conditional von Neumann entropy, reaching almost the best possible form that depends only on the system dimension and the trace distance of the states. Almost the same proof can be used to derive similar continuity bounds for the relative entropy distance from a convex set of states or positive operators. As applications, we give new proofs, with tighter bounds, of the asymptotic continuity of the relative entropy of entanglement, E_R, and its regularization \({E_R^{\infty}}\), as well as of the entanglement of formation, E_F. Using a novel “quantum coupling” of density operators, which may be of independent interest, we extend the latter to an asymptotic continuity bound for the regularized entanglement of formation, aka entanglement cost, \({E_C=E_F^{\infty}}\). Second, we derive analogous continuity bounds for the von Neumann entropy and conditional entropy in infinite dimensional systems under an energy constraint, most importantly systems of multiple quantum harmonic oscillators. While without an energy bound the entropy is discontinuous, it is well-known to be continuous on states of bounded energy. However, a quantitative statement to that effect seems not to have been known. Here, under some regularity assumptions on the Hamiltonian, we find that, quite intuitively, the Gibbs entropy at the given energy roughly takes the role of the Hilbert space dimension in the finite-dimensional Fannes inequality.     

Exact ground states of two-dimensional ±J Ising spin glasses

In this paper we study the problem of finding an exact ground state of a two-dimensional ±J Ising spin glass on a square lattice with nearest neighbor interactions and periodic boundary conditions when there is a concentrationp of negative bonds, withp ranging between 0.1 and 0.9. With our exact algorithm we can determine ground states of grids of sizes up to 50×50 in a moderate amount of computation time (up to 1 hr each) for several values ofp. For the ground-state energy of an infinite spin-glass system withp=0.5 we estimateE _0.5 =–1.4015±0.0008. We report on extensive computational tests based on more than 22,000 experiments.     

A remark on Schrödinger operators on aperiodic tilings

We prove that for a large class of Schrödinger operators on aperiodic tilings the spectrum and the integrated density of states are the same for all tilings in the local isomorphism class, i.e., for all tilings in the orbit closure of one of the tilings. This generalizes the argument in earlier work from discrete strictly ergodic operators onl ²( ^d ) to operators on thel ²-spaces of sets of vertices of strictly ergodic tilings.     

Spectral Gaps for Periodic Schrödinger Operators with Strong Magnetic Fields

We consider Schrödinger operators H^h=(ihd+A)*(ihd+A) with the periodic magnetic field B=dA on covering spaces of compact manifolds. Using methods of a paper by Kordyukov, Mathai and Shubin [14], we prove that, under some assumptions on B, there are in arbitrarily large number of gaps in the spectrum of these operators in the semiclassical limit of the strong magnetic field h0.Acknowledgement I am very thankful to Bernard Helffer for bringing these problems to my attention and useful discussions and to Mikhail Shubin for his comments.     

ADDENDUM TO “TREATMENT OF GAMOW STATES USING TEMPERED ULTRADISTRIBUTIONS”

In Ref. [1] we showed that it is possible to extend analitically, and with the use of tempered ultradistributions, the pseudonorm defined by T. Berggren for Gamow states. In that reference we define this pseudonorm for all states determined by the zeros of the Jost function for any short range potential. However, the proof is not completely general due to the fact that the statement h _l(0, r)=C _l(0, r) is not true in all cases. In this addendum we give a new proof, general and independent of that statement.     

Time-asymptotic boson states from infinite mean field quantum systems coupled to the boson gas

By means of cocycle techniques in a recent paper, the global dynamics of mean field-boson couplings has been studied. Here, by restricting to the bosonic system the infinite time limit (t ) for very general initial states, one obtains time-asymptotic states on the bosonicC ^*-Weyl algebra, in which one partially rediscovers the collective ordering of the infinite mean field lattice.     

New Coherent States for the BDS-Hamiltonian

In the paper we construct a new set of coherent states for a deformed Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator, previously introduced by Beckers, Debergh, and Szafraniec, which we have called the BDS-Hamiltonian. This Hamiltonian depends on the new creation operator a ⁺, i.e. the usual creation operator displaced with the real quantity . In order to construct the coherent states, we use a new measure in the Hilbert space of the Hamiltonian eigenstates, in fact we change the inner product. This ansatz assures that the set of eigenstates be orthonormalized and complete. In the new inner product space the BDS-Hamiltonian is self-adjoint. Using these coherent states, we construct the corresponding density operator and we find the P-distribution function of the unnormalized density operator of the BDS-Hamiltonian. Also, we calculate some thermal averages related to the BDS-oscillators system which obey the quantum canonical distribution conditions.     

Random Walk on the Incipient Infinite Cluster for Oriented Percolation in High Dimensions

We consider simple random walk on the incipient infinite cluster for the spread-out model of oriented percolation on . In dimensions d > 6, we obtain bounds on exit times, transition probabilities, and the range of the random walk, which establish that the spectral dimension of the incipient infinite cluster is , and thereby prove a version of the Alexander–Orbach conjecture in this setting. The proof divides into two parts. One part establishes general estimates for simple random walk on an arbitrary infinite random graph, given suitable bounds on volume and effective resistance for the random graph. A second part then provides these bounds on volume and effective resistance for the incipient infinite cluster in dimensions d > 6, by extending results about critical oriented percolation obtained previously via the lace expansion.     

Spectral stability under tunneling

We study the spectral properties of multiple well Schrödinger operators on ⁿ . We give in particular upper bounds on energy shifts due to tunnel effect and localization properties of wave packets. Our methods are based on Agmon type estimates for resolvents in classically forbidden regions and geometric perturbation theory. Our results are valid also for an infinite number of wells, arbitrary spectral type and in non-semi-classical regimes.Laboratoire Propre, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePhymat, Université de Toulon et du Var     

On the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for excited states of polyatomic Schrödinger operators

In this Letter, excited states of polyatomic molecular Schrödinger operators are investigated with the help of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The ratio of electronic and nuclear mass plays the role of a semi-classical parameter h ². Asymptotic series of eigenvalues at the bottom of the spectrum are constructed up to any order in h. Mathematically, this leads to the discussion of the semi-classical limit of pseudo-differential operators with the principal symbol po(x,) = ² + , where has a degenerate minimum (a whole manifold).     

A Statistical Mechanics Approach for a Rigidity Problem

We focus the problem of establishing when a statistical mechanics system is determined by its free energy. A lattice system, modelled by a directed and weighted graph (whose vertices are the spins and its adjacency matrix M will be given by the system transition rules), is considered. For a matrix A(q), depending on the system interactions, with entries which are in the ring Z[a ^q :a∈R ⁺] and such that A(0) equals the integral matrix M, the system free energy β _A (q) will be defined as the spectral radius of A(q). This kind of free energy will be related with that normally introduced in Statistical Mechanics as proportional to the logarithm of the partition function. Then we analyze under what conditions the following statement could be valid: if two systems have respectively matrices A,B and β _A = β _B then the matrices are equivalent in some sense. Issues of this nature receive the name of rigidity problems. Our scheme, for finite interactions, closely follows that developed, within a dynamical context, by Pollicott and Weiss but now emphasizing their statistical mechanics aspects and including a classification for Gibbs states associated to matrices A(q). Since this procedure is not applicable for infinite range interactions, we discuss a way to obtain also some rigidity results for long range potentials.     

Markov and stability properties of equilibrium states for nearest-neighbor interactions

Consider models on the lattice ^d with finite spin space per lattice point and nearest-neighbor interaction. Under the condition that the transfer matrix is invertible we use a transfer-matrix formalism to show that each Gibbs state is determined by its restriction to any pair of adjacent (hyper)planes. Thus we prove that (also in multiphase regions) translationally invariant states have a global Markov property. The transfer-matrix formalism permits us to view the correlation functions of a classicald-dimensional system as obtained by a linear functional on a noncommutative (quantum) system in (d – 1)-dimensions. More precisely, for reflection positive classical states and an invertible transfer matrix the linear functional is a state. For such states there is a decomposition theory available implying statements on the ergodic decompositions of the classical state ind dimensions. In this way we show stability properties of _ev ^d -ergodic states and the absence of certain types of breaking of translational invariance.