高效液相色谱法和凝胶色谱法对钨酚醛树脂的表征

应用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）和凝胶色谱法（ＧＰＣ）对不同合成阶段的钨酚醛树脂进行表征,以合成体系的极性和分子量的变化为依据,提出合成反应的重要控制阶段以及含钨化合物在合成反应中的行为。     

A New Method for the Characterization of Organic Carbon in Aquatic Systems

Abstract

Some problems in organic carbon characterization are briefly discussed. A new chromatographic multi-method for the direct characterization of organic matter in original waters with the simultaneous determination of UV-Vis, fluorescence, DOC, TIC, and organically bound nitrogen (DON) is described. Some applications with UV-Vis and DOC (“CODOC”) detection are presented.     

Gel Chromatographic Fractionation and Partial Physicochemical Characterization of Gelatins

Summary Gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-400 HR was used to fractionate a type A and a type B gelatin on a semi-preparative scale. Fractionation was performed at 40 °C in 50 mM ammonium acetate, 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide. Five fractions, enriched in microgels, -chains, -chains, -chains and subfragments, were isolated. Their molar mass distribution was controlled by FPLC on Superose 6 and SDS-PAGE. No significant differences in amino-acid composition and hexose content were observed between the original gelatins and their fractions. The specific absorption coefficient at 230 nm was found to be the same for both type A and type B gelatin and the chromatographic fractions (2.0 L·g^–1·cm^–1).Presented at: International Symposium on Separation and Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 5–7, 2003     

离子排斥色谱法同时测定葡萄糖醛酸和内酯及葡萄糖醛酸稳定性

建立了同时检测葡萄糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸内酯的离子排斥色谱法。 采用Boston HC-B75 H+色谱柱进行分离,以5 mmol/L H2SO4水溶液为流动相,流速0.6 mL/min,柱温25 ℃,紫外检测波长220 nm;根据外标法定量,葡萄糖醛酸和内酯分别在10～1200 mg/L和5～600 mg/L范围内线性良好（r＞0.9999）;葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸内酯的最低检测限及定量限均分别为0.1和0.3 mg/L,精密度实验RSD分别为1.00%和0.35%,平均回收率分别为99.69%和98.21%。 该检测方法简便、快速、灵敏,可用于葡萄糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸内酯的同时测定。 温度、pH值和溶剂对葡萄糖醛酸稳定性有影响,可为葡萄糖醛酸的分析与制备研究提供参考依据。     

毛细管凝胶电泳分离和检测低聚核苷酸和脱氧核糖核酸的合成产物

本文将毛细管凝胶电泳方法用于低聚核苷酸及ＤＮＡ合成产物的分离检测，并探讨了低聚核苷酸的淌度与其碱基数的关系以及迁移时间和相对迁移时间的重现性。     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱质谱法测定：花生中6种除草剂农药残留

建立了凝胶渗透色谱一气相色谱质谱（GPC～GC=MS）法测定花生中6种除草剂（氟乐灵、异恶草酮、甲草胺、二甲戊乐灵、乙氧氟草醚、喹禾灵）农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,氨基固相萃取柱和凝胶渗透色谱净化,在选择离子扫描（SIM）模式下进行气相色谱质谱法测定,外标法定量。6种除草剂浓度在0．02-1．00mg／L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数为O．9949～0．9998,添加回收率为77．8％-101．6％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4．4％～11．4％（月=5）,方法的检出限为0．1～1．3μg／kg。     

Determination of Polyvinyl Alcohol Using Gel Filtration Liquid Chromatography

Gel filtration chromatography using a TSKgel G2000 SW column coupled with differential refractive index detection was used to analyse five grades of polyvinyl alcohol. Limits of detection and quantification for the assay were 0.14 mg mL^–1, 0.47 mg mL^–1 respectively. The inter and intra-day co-efficient of variance were both <7%. There was a significant difference (p<0.05, n=5) between the calibration curves across the five grades of PVA due to a refractive index range of 13.0790 –1.3181 (n=3). The assay accuracy was 98.99% ± 8.97% (n=5) and 90.60% ± 7.87% (n=5) of a spiked PVA sample was recovered from a commercial formulation.     

Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Using Sep-Pak Cartridges and Gas Chromatography

Methods are described for the determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons at levels of parts per billion in water and nonaqueous environmental samples by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. C₁₈, Florisil, alumina N and silica Sep-Pak cartridges were compared to evaluate their cleanup ability. The accuracy of the results of this analytical technique was proved by the analysis of a certified reference material (lake sediment EC-2).     

Preparation,Characterization and Permeation Study of Topical Gel Loaded with Transfersomes Containing Asiatic Acid

The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro permeation of asiatic acid (AA) in the form of a topical gel after entrapment in transfersomes by Franz diffusion cells. Transfersomes composed of soybean lecithin and three different edge activators including Tween 80 (TW80), Span 80 (SP80) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at the ratio of 50:50, 90:10 and 90:10, respectively, together with 0.3% w/w of AA, were prepared by a high-pressure homogenization technique and further incorporated in gels (TW80AATG, SP80AATG and SDCAATG). All transfersomal gels were characterized for their AA contents, dynamic viscosity, pH and homogeneity. Results revealed that the AA content, dynamic viscosity and pH of the prepared transfersomal gels ranged from 0.272 ± 0.006 to 0.280 ± 0.005% w/w, 812.21 ± 20.22 to 1222.76 ± 131.99 Pa.s and 5.94 ± 0.03 to 7.53 ± 0.03, respectively. TW80AATG gave the highest percentage of AA penetration and flux into the Strat-M^® membrane at 8 h (8.53 ± 1.42% and 0.024 ± 0.008 mg/cm²/h, respectively) compared to SP80AATG (8.00 ± 1.70% and 0.019 ± 0.010 mg/cm²/h, respectively), SDCAATG (4.80 ± 0.50% and 0.014 ± 0.004 mg/cm²/h, respectively), non-transfersomal gels (0.73 ± 0.44 to 3.13 ± 0.46% and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 0.010 ± 0.002 mg/cm²/h, respectively) and hydroethanolic AA solution in gel (1.18 ± 0.76% and 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/cm²/h, respectively). These findings indicate that the TW80AATG might serve as a lead formulation for further development toward scar prevention and many types of skin disorders.     

Characterization of Polymers by Liquid Chromatography

Liquid chromatography (LC) is well established for the comprehensive characterization of complex macromolecules with multiple distributions. Hyphenated chromatographic methods in their various forms are currently one of the most promising and powerful methods for the fractionation and characterization of complex sample mixtures in different property coordinates. Modern detector technologies open up new ways to investigate various properties with high sensitivity even in the low concentration ranges used in chromatography. This paper discusses possibilities and applications for the advanced characterization of macromolecules.     

厚朴酚键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的制备、表征与性能评价

通过γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-590)的作用,将具有抗菌功能的中草药厚朴的主要药用成分厚朴酚键合在硅胶表面上,制备了厚朴酚键合硅胶液相色谱固定相.采用红外光谱、元素分析和热重分析对该固定相进行了表征.以苯同系物、5种吡啶、6种苯胺和8种芳香羧酸类化合物为溶质探针,初步考察了该新型固定相的基本色谱性能,研究了其对这些化合物的保留机理.结果表明,该固定相的反相色谱性能类似于十八烷基键合硅胶固定相(ODS),分离原理与疏水性作用有关;另外,该固定相包含有别于疏水性作用的氢键作用、π-π电荷转移作用和偶极-偶极等作用,多种作用力使其在分离某些可电离的碱性和酸性化合物时表现出更好的选择性和分离效果.厚朴酚配体的多种作用位点对快速分离极性芳香化合物有重要贡献.     

Liquid Chromatography of Isomeric Phenols and Aromatic Acids Using a Poly (Ethyleneimine) Coated Silica Gel Micro-Column

Abstract

Ortho-, meta- and para-isomers of various derivatives of phenols and aromatic acids have been separated on a cross-linked poly (ethyleneimine) coated silica gel micro-column liquid chromatography with very dilute carbonate or phosphate eluents.     

液液微萃取-甲基衍生化/气相色谱法对水中氯代酸除草剂的测定

在pH大于12的条件下使水样中的氯代除草剂全部水解为盐,用正己烷和甲基叔丁基醚混合溶剂提取有机杂质,再在酸性条件下经5 mL甲基叔丁基醚提取,重氮甲烷甲基衍生化30 min后用带微电子捕获检测器的毛细管气相色谱分析,以4,4-二溴八氟联苯为内标物进行定量.茅草枯、麦草威、2,4-D、五氯苯酚的质量浓度分别在5.0 ～500、1.0 ～200、5.0 ～500、0.5 ～100 μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r= 0.994 5 ～0.998 0),检出限分别为1.0、0.5、1.0、0.1 μg/L.用该法测定南京玄武湖水样中的茅草枯,其质量浓度为7.1 μg/L,4种被测组分在高、中和低添加水平下的回收率分别为102% ～105%、96% ～110%、87% ～109%.同时建立了一种生产重氮甲烷的新原料--N-亚硝基-N-甲基脲的简易方法.     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定食用油中22种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定食用油中22种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法.方法具有良好线性,相关系数R均大于0.999,检测限在0.09～11.83 mg/kg之间,平均回收率在81.45％～113.90％范围内,相对标准偏差为1.55％～9.41％.采用该方法对国内食用油中邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂进行检测,实际样品中检出邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯,可满足目前食用油中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测要求.     

高温凝胶渗透色谱仪中气泡的排除

叙述了高温凝胶(渗透)色谱(GPC)的流动相中出现气泡时的现象,指出气泡的出现对仪器运行和样品测试的影响,以及排除气泡的方法和过程.对可能出现气泡的原因进行了分析,讨论了避免出现气泡现象需要注意的问题和采取的措施.     

高速逆流色谱与硅胶柱色谱结合分离制备高纯度芦荟素异构体

芦荟素是芦荟叶中主要的蒽醌类成分,通常以芦荟素A和B两种非对映异构体形式并存,目前已成为许多芦荟产品质量控制指标之一。采用高速逆流色谱和硅胶柱色谱结合的方法,从老芦荟干粉中分离制备了高纯度的芦荟素A(纯度为98%)和芦荟素B(纯度为96%)样品,并采用快原子轰击质谱(FAB-MS)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)以及GOESY(gradient-enhanced nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy)等方法对所得的两个芦荟素异构体的立体构象进行了确认。该法具有制备量大和分离效率高的特点。     

在线富集胶束电动色谱法测定唾液中的唾液酸

建立了1种测定唾液酸的在线富集胶束电动色谱法。首先研究了不同的表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠、胆酸钠和脱氧胆酸钠)、背景电解质(磷酸盐、硼砂和3—环己胺—1—丙烷磺酸)、缓冲溶液的pH值及有机修饰剂(甲醇和乙腈)的加入对测定唾液酸的影响;其次研究了样品基体的组成及进样时间对富集效果的影响;最后考察了所建立方法的线性、检出限和重复性,并将该方法成功地应用于测定人体唾液中的唾液酸,在12min内完成分离。