激光光学系统的初级象差

本文从泽尼克一高斯国多项式出发,讨论了三种初级象差(球差、营差、象散)在平衡及未平衡状态下的标准偏差同衍射孔半径与高斯光束半径之比α的关系.最后讨论了在均匀光波的最佳校正状态下,高斯光束初级象差同α的关系,得到高斯光束的初级象差可按照均匀光波象差理论进行校正的结论.     

偏心和倾斜光学系统初级象差理论的研究

在共轴光学系统波象差的基础上,推导出了光学元件的偏心和倾斜分别对主要象差的影响.得出了除了球差外,每一种象差由于偏心和倾斜都引入了它同种类的象差;小量的偏心和倾斜并不改变系统的球差的结论;如果球差并不为零,将会产生与象高无关的彗差,即轴向彗差等等.     

共轴光学系统轴上点多色差校正

光学系统计算的重要问题是最佳地平衡剩余象差。平衡剩余单色差在引文[1,3]已充分地进行了研究,这里着重研究多色差校正的重要情况。对于绕射限制系统(当其色差很小时)波差均方根是单色象差影响系统象质的很好判据:δ=E~(1/2)=(W+W~2)~(1/2)(1)式中E——波差的离散;W和W~2——波差在光瞳上的平均值和平方平均值。象马列萨尔指出的那样,当E很小时,象差仅与斯特列尔数有关(中心点强度):     

由干涉图计算波差和传递函数

本文讨论一种用于光学系统和光学反射镜面检验中的完整而定量的方法.该方法以干涉术为基础,将所得干涉图样表示成光学系统光瞳坐标的函数和光学零件表面坐标的函数.此函数为与象差密切相关的Zernike圆多项式的线性组合.并利用Gram-Schmidt正交法求多项式的系数使其与干涉图上一些离散点相啮合.由此函数出发本文讨论了检验系统本身误差及调整误差去除的方法及计算被检波面的最小均方波差及波差分布,进而求得系统的PSF和OTF值.     

平面变线距光栅（VLS）的基本原理与线距修正系数的检测

变线距光栅是一种自消部分象差的光学元件,本文提出了用激光束检测变线距系数的理论模型,计算表明变线距光栅的衍射波与平面波的干涉条纹可以用于检测变线距系数。     

光学系统象差的实时补偿

本文讨论了以适当光瞳函数来补偿光学系统象差的可能性,指出这是希尔伯特空间中的泛函极小化问题,得到了使波差方差极小解的一般形式,特别研究了以环状位相光瞳补偿对称象差的效果,并以S.D值作判据,用求总极值的方法确定滤波器的各个参数,并以MTF的观点对几种情况作了比较和讨论。     

全息摄影的光学系统及其象差讨论

本文在论述高斯参数与透镜参数的关系;透镜的波象差以及全息象差的基础上,提出了三种基本常用的全息摄影系统,讨论了这三种系统所适用的场合,及所用光学元件的象差要求。     

高斯光束的象差平衡

本文从有象差时的衍射积分出发,导出高斯光束中心点亮度与波象差方差的关系,依据斯特列尔判据,采用解线性方程组的方法讨论了高斯光束球差及轴外象差的最佳校正形式,并以表格方式给出了最佳校正形式.     

最佳参考球确定

本文证明存在一个参考球使斯特列尔(Strehl)数获得最大值,同时波象差的均方差取最大值这个理论对小象差(≤λ/4)是有效的。假设光学系统的波象差由函数W=W(r,φ)近似表示。式中r、φ是在系统出瞳的极坐标,波象差W(r,φ)是相对于参考球确定的(但是参考球并非总是最佳)。为了找出最佳参考球,我们利用置换定理,即附加     

波前相位编码体光栅选择性衍射的理论分析

阐述了波前相位复用技术记录和再现体全息光栅的原理;运用波耦合理论,从衍射波的一阶微分方程推导出多重体光栅对随机波前相位的选择性衍射;构造了一个复随机过程函数,并利用其相关函数得到了随机波前相位编码体光栅实现无串扰再现的充分必要条件;给出了理论上分析多重体光栅对随机波前相位选择性衍射的一种方法.     

稠苯芳杂环及其烷基质子化学位移的计算

本文提出了予测稠苯芳杂环及其烷基链上质子化学位移的计算方法。 将稠苯芳杂环化合物用凯库勒式表示,计算式为为需考虑的苯环内的乙烯基效应。σ_mi,ci为各苯环的环流效应。σ_1,Hc为各芳杂环的屏蔽效应,对杂环上质子它就是该单独芳杂环上相应质子的δ值,对苯环上质子要将它分解为各结构因素的效应,即:σ_1,He=(1/2)^d-1δ_x=y(或σ_z)+σ_c-c·σ_m,H. σ_x-y与σ_z为杂原子或其基团的屏蔽效应,σ_c=c为存在于芳杂环中的乙烯基的效应,σ_m,Hc为芳杂环的环流效应,d为对不同质子所考虑的键数。有取代基时需考虑取代基的效应。计算环上烷基质子的公式为:δ=σ_p,CH3+ασ_c,CH3+βσ_t,CH3+σ_l,G σ_l,G为稠苯芳杂环基的某级效应。     

Structural phase transitions at clean and metal-covered Si(111) surfaces investigated by RHEED spot analysis

Structural phase transitions between various kinds of superlattice structures formed on a Si(111) surface have been investigated by spot analysis of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Reversible transitions induced by temperature changes and irreversible ones induced by metal depositions were observed. Detailed discussions on the dynamics of the phase transitions are made by quantitative analyses of integrated spot intensity and profile. For a phase transition of 7′7  1′1 structures on a clean Si(111) surface, a hysteresis with temperature difference of 5°C. between in heating and cooling processes was found in the spot intensity change, indicating a first-order transition. Hysteresis was hardly recognized, on the other hand, for transitions of Au-induced superstructures (5×2-Au or ×-Au)  1×1-Au. The spot profiles were found to be broadened during the transition of Si(111)-×-Au  1×1-Au, which was a signature of a continuous transition, while the profiles remained unchanged during the transitions of the 7×7  1×1 and 5×2-Au  1×1-Au phases. Structural conversions induced by In adsorption on the Si(111) surface kept at constant temperatures were also analyzed. The conversions at room temperature were totally dependent on the initial substrate surface structures; the 7×7 surface did not show any structural conversion with In adsorption, while the ×-In surface successively converted to a 2×2 and a × phase with coverage increase. The structural transitions at elevated temperatures were sensitively dependent on the temperatures. Sequences of transitions among the 7×7, 4×1, ×, 1×, and ×4 were quantitatively revealed as changes in RHEED spot intensity.     

ErP5O14非晶玻璃的红外量子剪裁

研究了Er_1.0P₅O₁₄铒非晶玻璃的红外量子剪裁现象. 从吸收谱和激发光谱的计算比较中肯定了Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶 玻璃的1537.0 nm红外荧光为多光子量子剪裁荧光. 从Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶玻璃的可见和红外荧光发射光谱中发现激发²H_11/2, ⁴G_11/2和⁴G_9/2能级所导致的⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2量子剪裁红外荧光很强;基于自发辐射速率、无辐射弛豫速率和能量传递速率等参数的计算,对其量子剪裁机理进行了分析.发现起源于基态的强下转换能量传递{²H_11/2→⁴I_9/2,⁴I_15/2→⁴I_13/2},{⁴G_11/2→⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_15/2→²H_11/2},{⁴G_9/2→⁴F_7/2,⁴I_15/2→⁴I_13/2}和{⁴G_9/2→⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_15/2→²H_11/2}是导致Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶玻璃具有强的三光子和四光子量子剪裁红外荧光的原因.研究结果对改善太阳能电池效率有一定意义.     

1-forms over the moduli space of irreducible connections defined by the spectrum of Dirac operators

Let (P) be the moduli space of irreducible connections of a G-principal bundle P over a closed Riemannian spin manifold M. Let D_A be the Dirac operator of M coupled to a connection A of P and f a smooth function on M. We consider a smooth variation A(u) of A with tangent vector ω and denote T_ω:= (D_A(u)−f) (u=0. The coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of trace (T_ω · e^-t(D_A−f)2) near t=0 define 1-forms a^(k)_f, K=0, 1, 2, … on (P). In this paper we calculate aa⁽⁰⁾_f, a⁽¹⁾_f, a⁽²⁾_f and study some of their properties. For instance using the 1-form a⁽²⁾_f for suitable functions f we obtain a foliation of codimension 5 of the space of G-instantons of S⁴.     

Phase formation and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B-type Nd16Co76B8−xCx alloys and their hydrides

An attempt is made to synthesize Nd₂Co₁₄C compound by mechanical alloying Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x8) alloys and subsequent annealing. Phase formation and magnetic properties of Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x alloys and their hydrides are investigated. The Nd₂Co₁₄(B,C) phase with Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type structure is formed for Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x7) alloys, while NdCo₇C_δ phase with TbCu₇-type structure is observed in Nd₁₆Co₇₆C₈ alloy. The lattice parameter c of the Nd₂Co₁₄(B,C) phase decreases with increasing the carbon content. A limit volume of the unit cell to form the Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type structure is estimated to be 0.870 nm³. The spin-reorientation temperature T_SR increases with increasing the carbon content, due to an enhancement of magnetocrystalline anisotropy caused by carbon substitution for boron. After hydrogenation, the lattice expansion is observed for Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x7) alloys. The spin-reorientation temperature of Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_xH_y (0x7) is much lower than that of the host alloys. Some structural and magnetic properties of hypothetic Nd₂Co₁₄C and Nd₂Co₁₄CH_y compounds are estimated by extrapolation.