芳香化合物在碘或碘化铵催化作用下的单溴代反应

研究了芳香化合物在碘或碘化铵催化作用下的单溴代选择性反应, 该反应是经过有机高价碘中间体进行的. 通过该反应, 富电子芳香化合物在碘或碘化铵催化作用下很容易与溴化钾、 间氯过氧苯甲酸、 对甲苯磺酸和少量苯的混合物发生反应, 常温下短时间内得到产率良好并具有区域选择性的单溴代芳香化合物. 考察了反应条件的影响, 提出了可能的反应机理, 为简单快速合成单溴代芳香化合物提供了新方法.     

可再生型高价碘试剂亚碘酰二内酯在高效醇氧化中的应用研究

利用商品化的高价碘试剂亚碘酰二内酯(Iodosodilactone)作为最终氧化剂, 配合催化量的氮氧自由基2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)和当量的4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)所组成的反应体系可以将含有不同官能团的伯醇快速高效地氧化为相应的醛且不会发生过度氧化; 将反应体系中的催化剂换为空间位阻较小的氮氧自由基1-甲基-2-金刚烷氮氧自由基(1-Me-AZADO)则可以将仲醇高效地氧化为相应的酮. 值得指出的是, 反应结束后Iodosodilactone的还原态2-碘-间苯二甲酸和DMAP可以通过简单的过滤及酸碱中和处理进行回收, Iodosodilactone的再生可通过用次氯酸钠/盐酸体系氧化2-碘-间苯二甲酸来高效实现.     

Metal-Free Chemoselective Oxidation of 4-Methylquinolines into Quinoline-4-Carbaldehydes

A convenient protocol for the synthesis of quinoline-4-carbaldehydes via chemoselective oxidation of 4-methylquinolines using hypervalent iodine(III) reagents as oxidant is described. This method highlights metal-free and mild reaction conditions, nice yield, good functional group tolerance, and high chemoselectivity.     

金刚烷负载高价碘试剂的合成及氧化反应活性

以1,3,5,7-四氨基金刚烷与4-碘苯基酰氯为原料,经酰化、氧化反应,制备了新型金刚烷负载的高价碘试剂(1a-1c)。 酰化反应以CH₂Cl₂为溶剂,首先,0 ℃,反应4 h,然后室温反应2 h,投料比n(1,3,5,7-四氨基金刚烷)∶n(4-碘苯基酰氯)∶n(三乙胺)=1∶4.4∶5.2。 氧化反应以CH₂Cl₂/醋酸(体积比1∶1)为溶剂,间氯过氧苯甲酸(m-CPBA)为氧化剂,室温反应12 h,投料比n(2)∶n(m-CPBA)=1∶12。 化合物1a,1b和1c的总收率分别为86.4%、85.4%和85.3%。 以化合物1a-1c为氧化剂,在四甲基哌啶氮氧化物(TEMPO)催化下各类醇被氧化成相应的醛或酮,产物收率87%~100%。 负载碘苯2a-2c可以被方便地分离和回收,平均回收率98%,可再经氧化,高收率转化成化合物1a-1c,循环利用。     

高价碘氧化醇的研究进展

概括了几种常用的三价和五价碘试剂作为氧化剂氧化醇的研究进展, 并对相应的氧化机制进行了探讨.     

An efficient route to 4-aryloxycoumarins via one-pot reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarins with hypervalent iodine reagents

Highly efficient reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarin with hypervalent iodine reagents under mild conditions are described, which give rise to 4-aryloxycoumarins in good to excellent yields.     

Oxidation Catalysis by an Aerobically Generated Dess–Martin Periodinane Analogue

Hypervalent iodine(V) reagents, such as Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) and 2‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX), are broadly useful oxidants in chemical synthesis. Development of strategies to generate these reagents from dioxygen (O₂) would immediately enable use of O₂ as a terminal oxidant in a broad array of substrate oxidation reactions. Recently we disclosed the aerobic synthesis of I(III) reagents by intercepting reactive oxidants generated during aldehyde autoxidation. In this work, aerobic oxidation of iodobenzenes is coupled with disproportionation of the initially generated I(III) compounds to generate I(V) reagents. The aerobically generated I(V) reagents exhibit substrate oxidation chemistry analogous to that of DMP. The developed aerobic generation of I(V) has enabled the first application of I(V) intermediates in aerobic oxidation catalysis.     

Synthesis of Pterocarpan-Type Heterocycles via Oxidative Cycloadditions of Phenols and Electron-Rich Arenes

Oxidation of 4-alkoxyphenols or 4-methoxynaphthol with phenyl iodonium(bis)trifluoroacetate (PIFA) in the presence of electron rich 2H-chromenes or dihydronaphthalenes affords pterocarpans or 5-carbapterocarpans via a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition process. Acid-catalyzed ionization of quinone dimethylmonoacetal in the presence of 7-methoxy-2H-chromene gave similar results, suggesting a phenoxonium ion intermediate in the oxidative process.     

醋酸碘苯促进的氧化反应在构建2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑分子中的应用

报道了一种用高价碘试剂促进缩氨基硫脲分子内氧化偶联反应,能够有效地合成2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑类衍生物.高价碘可以作为温和的反应试剂,拥有毒性低、廉价可循环易操作的特性.该反应具有原料易制得、操作简便以及较好的底物适用性等特点.反应机理也进行了初步研究.     

Pioneering Metal‐Free Oxidative Coupling Strategy of Aromatic Compounds Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

We started our hypervalent iodine research about 30 years ago in the mid‐1980s. We soon successfully developed the single‐electron‐transfer oxidation ability of a hypervalent iodine reagent, specifically, phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), toward aromatic rings of phenyl ethers for forming aromatic cation radicals. This was one of the exciting and unexpected events in our research studies so far, and the discovery was reported in 1991. It also led to the next challenge, developing the metal‐free oxidative couplings for C–H functionalizations and direct couplings between the C–H bonds of valuable aromatic compounds in organic synthesis. In order to realize the effective oxidative coupling, pioneering new aromatic ring activations was essential and several useful methodologies have been found for oxidizable arenes. The achievements regarding this objective obtained in our continuous research are herein summarized with classification of the aromatic ring activation strategies.     

Efficient and Mild Oxidative Nuclear Thiocyanation of Activated Aromatic Compounds Using Ammonium Thiocyanate and Diacetoxyiodobenzene

Abstract

A mild and general method for the nuclear thiocyanation of electron rich arenes has been developed by the reaction of NH₄SCN with diacetoxyiodobenzene as the oxidant.     

Continuous‐Flow Electrochemical Generator of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Synthetic Applications

An efficient and reliable electrochemical generator of hypervalent iodine reagents has been developed. In the anodic oxidation of iodoarenes to hypervalent iodine reagents under flow conditions, the use of electricity replaces hazardous and costly chemical oxidants. Unstable hypervalent iodine reagents can be prepared easily and coupled with different substrates to achieve oxidative transformations in high yields. The unstable, electrochemically generated reagents can also easily be transformed into classic bench‐stable hypervalent iodine reagents through ligand exchange. The combination of electrochemical and flow‐chemistry advantages largely improves the ecological footprint of the overall process compared to conventional approaches.     

Simple and Effective Synthetic Approach to Chiral 2-Amino-4-piperidinyl Pyridine Derivatives

A facile way has been developed to provide a series of novel chiral N-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amide derivatives as potential stereoselective catalysts. The key intermediate, 2-amino-4-piperidinyl pyridine, was obtained by nucleophilic substitution of 2-amino-4-chloropyridine with piperidine in good yields (up to 96%). The total control of enantioselectivity was obtained for the synthesis of L-proline and (R)-1,1′-bi(2-naphthol) derivatives.     

Efficient Synthetic Approach to Fluorescent Oxazole-4-carboxylate Derivatives

In our attempt to synthesize a halogenated analog of green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore, we discovered a simple and efficient synthetic strategy to the derivatives of oxazole-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 2 and 5. The method allows for introduction of different aryl substituents at the position 5, aryl or alkyl substituents at position 2 of oxazole, and gives access not only to free carboxyl at position 4, but also to a range of its amide derivatives. The advantages of the synthetic strategy presented are availability of precursors, good yields, and avoiding palladium coupling and metalation procedures. The synthesized compounds fluoresce in visible region with quantum yields up to 0.82. We believe that 5-aryl-4-carboxyoxazole is a promising core for creation of new fluorescent dyes.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file.     

甲苯常压催化氧化制苯甲酸及其它芳烃的氧化反应的研究

以２５％甲苯无水乙酸作反应液，钴、锰和铵的混合盐作催化剂，乙腈作促进剂，纯氧为氧化剂，在１１０℃±２℃下，常压反应１５ｈ，苯甲酸收率达８５％。用该催化剂体系氧化其它芳烃时，亦可获得类似结果。若芳烃侧链烷基Ｒ＝Ｃ１～Ｃ６时，首先起反应的是与苯环相邻的碳原子，伯碳由醛变为酸；仲碳由酮升温后断链变酸；叔碳或烯键则直接断键变为酸。     

Efficient Catalytic Synthesis of Condensed Isoxazole Derivatives via Intramolecular Oxidative Cycloaddition of Aldoximes

The intramolecular oxidative cycloaddition reaction of alkyne- or alkene-tethered aldoximes was catalyzed efficiently by hypervalent iodine(III) species to afford the corresponding polycyclic isoxazole derivatives in up to a 94% yield. The structure of the prepared products was confirmed by various methods, including X-ray crystallography. Mechanistic study demonstrated the crucial role of hydroxy(aryl)iodonium tosylate as a precatalyst, which is generated from 2-iodobenzoic acid and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid.     

Mild Oxidation of Oxime Derivatives with KMnO4 in Ionic Liquid Media

In this research, potassium permanganate in the presence of a catalytic amount of [bmim]Br under solvent free conditions is used as an efficient and chemoselective method for oxidative cleavage of some oximes to corresponding carbonyl compounds. This experiment was carried out in mild conditions without any further oxidation of aldehydes to corresponding acids.     

Cr-AlPO4-5的合成及其对苯直接氧化制苯酚反应的催化性能

 以Cr(NO3)3为Cr源用水热法合成了Cr-AlPO4-5分子筛,并用XRD,FT-IR和XPS对分子筛进行了表征. 结果表明,Cr已进入到Cr-AlPO4-5分子筛骨架结构中; 焙烧后分子筛样品的L酸中心和B酸中心数量均大幅度增加,Cr主要以Cr(Ⅴ)形式存在. 将分子筛样品用于催化H2O2氧化苯制苯酚反应,苯酚收率最高可达4.7%,选择性可达99.5%以上. 非骨架Cr物种是导致H2O2无效分解和选择性下降的主要因素,而骨架Cr物种是反应的活性中心. 提出了以骨架Cr过氧化物为中间物种的可能的反应机理,并用原位红外光谱初步验证了中间物种的存在.