Highly Efficient and Scalable Process for Demethylation of 6-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzoyl)chromen-2-one and Other Aryl Methyl Ethers

Demethylation of 6-(2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)chromen-2-one and some other aryl methyl ethers was achieved with pyridinium bromide as demethylating agent and sulfolane as solvent. Compared with other demethylation methods, this combination offers advantages of clean conversion, excellent yields, easy operation and workup, and manageable reaction temperatures. This process could be particularly useful for large-scale production because it avoids use of corrosive or moisture-sensitive reagents.     

芳甲酸氰基芳甲酯的合成

芳甲酸氰基芳甲酯是重要的有机合成中间体,其现有合成方法采用剧毒氰化物为氰源来合成。 本研究以K₄[Fe(CN)₆]为绿色氰化试剂,芳酰氯为原料,采用一锅两步反应合成芳甲酸氰基芳甲酯。 通过改变第二步反应温度、反应时间、硼氢化钠和催化剂的用量获得最佳反应条件,以61.7%~80.3%的产率合成了10种芳甲酸氰基芳甲酯(2a~2j),产物结构通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)分析确认。 根据实验结果,提出了可能的反应机理。 该法避免了对剧毒氰化剂的使用,具有产率高、操作简单、后处理方便等优点。     

Efficient and Selective Demethylation of Heteroaryl Methyl Ethers in the Presence of Aryl Methyl Ethers

A new and efficient method for the demethylation of 6-membered aza-heterocyclic methyl ethers is described using lithium chloride and para-toluenesulfonic acid. This process is chemoselective for aza-heterocyclic methyl ethers in the presence of aryl methyl ethers.

Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive Insertion of Alcohols into Aryl Ether Bonds

Palladium on carbon catalyzes C?O bond cleavage of aryl ethers (diphenyl ether and cyclohexyl phenyl ether) by alcohols (R?OH) in H₂. The aromatic C?O bond is cleaved by reductive solvolysis, which is initiated by Pd‐catalyzed partial hydrogenation of one phenyl ring to form an enol ether. The enol ether reacts rapidly with alcohols to form a ketal, which generates 1‐cyclohexenyl?O?R by eliminating phenol or an alkanol. Subsequent hydrogenation leads to cyclohexyl?O?R.     

Efficient Synthesis of Aryl Methyl Sulfide Derivatives Using (Methylthio)trimethylsilane as Methylthiolation Reagent

The synthesis of various aryl methyl sulfides has been achieved by treatment of nitroarenes with a combination of (methylthio)trimethylsilane and cesium carbonate in dimethylsulfoxide. This reaction gives access to aryl methyl sulfide derivatives in high yields.     

Addition of Nitrile Oxides to Aryl Allyl Ethers

3,5-Disubstituted isoxazolines with an aryloxymethyl group in position 5 have been synthesized. The [2+3] cycloaddition reaction of benzonitrile oxide to a 5-chlorosalicylic acid derivative containing two allyl groups occurs to give a compound with an oxazolinylmethyl fragment both in the ester and the ether parts of the molecule. The addition of nitrile oxides to the aryl allyl ethers occurs regiospecifically to give the 5-substituted isomer.     

界面缩聚法合成双酚A芳香环状聚醚砜

聚芳醚（酮、砜）是一类耐高温、耐溶剂的高性能的聚合材料,具有很好的机械和加工性能,广泛应用于工程塑料及复合材料等领域．线性聚芳醚（酮,砜）一般由亲核取代反应或亲电取代反应在极性溶剂中制得,Ｙｏｓｈｉｏ等［１］报道利用相转移催化法制备聚芳醚砜,近年来,...     

碱性介质中邻硝基芳香醚的醚键稳定性研究

设计合成了一系列的邻硝基芳香醚,对碱性介质中芳醚键的稳定性进行了研究。选用对硝基甲苯为内标,用高效液相色谱仪对邻硝基芳香醚的醚键断裂程度进行了分析,并用内标法计算出它们的转化率。结果表明,由于-NO2的存在,邻硝基芳香醚在碱性溶液中易发生亲核取代反应,使醚键断裂,从而使这类化合物出现不稳定性。发现邻硝基苯氧丙酸亲核取代的异常情况,推测可能是分子内邻基参与的亲核取代反应。     

Lewis Acid Accelerated Aryl Ether Bond Cleavage with Nickel: Orders of Magnitude Rate Enhancement Using AlMe3

Study of the kinetics of intramolecular aryl ether C?O bond cleavage by Ni was facilitated by access to a family of metal complexes supported by diphosphines with pendant aryl‐methyl ethers. The nature of the aryl substituents was found to have little effect on the rate of cleavage. In contrast, soluble Lewis acidic additives accelerate the aryl ether cleavage dramatically. The effect of AlMe ₃ was studied in detail, and showed an increase in rate by several orders of magnitude. Low temperature NMR spectroscopy studies demonstrate quantitative coordination of ether to Al. From the Lewis acid‐bound precursor, the activation parameters for ether cleavage are significantly lower. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for milder catalyst design for the activation of strong bonds.     

dl-六甲基化丹酚酸A甲酯的合成

以2,3二-甲氧基苯甲醛为原料,经还原、溴化、Wittig反应、在正丁基锂作用下醛基化、Knoevenagel反应生成四甲基化丹酚酸F(9),9再与草酰氯反应成酰氯后与甲基化丹参素甲酯反应得到dl-六甲基化丹酚酸A甲酯,其结构经1HNMR和MS表征,总收率44.7%。     

An Efficient and General Method for Formylation of Aryl Bromides with CO2 and Poly(methylhydrosiloxane)

The formylation of aryl halides with CO₂ to generate aryl aldehydes is challenging. Herein, we report a novel synthesis of aryl aldehydes by formylation of aryl bromides with CO₂ and a waste silane, poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS). It has been discovered that a simple combination of 1,3‐bis(diphenyphosphino)propane (DPPP)‐chelated Pd catalyst, Pd(DPPP)Cl₂, with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) is able to effectively catalyze the reaction, leading to aryl aldehydes in moderate to excellent yields, and without any by‐products in most cases. Moreover, this route could be extended to the formylation of aryl iodides with high efficiency. This approach is simple, less costly, and environmentally friendly, and also widens the applications of CO₂ to form value‐added chemicals by the construction of new C?C bonds.     

Picolinamides as Effective Ligands for Copper‐Catalysed Aryl Ether Formation: Structure–Activity Relationships,Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Investigations

The use of picolinic acid amide derivatives as an effective family of bidentate ligands for copper‐catalysed aryl ether synthesis is reported. A fluorine‐substituted ligand gave good results in the synthesis of a wide range of aryl ethers. Even bulky phenols, known to be very challenging substrates, were shown to react with aryl iodides with excellent yields using these ligands. At the end of the reaction, the first examples of end‐of‐life Cu species were isolated and identified as Cu^II complexes with several of the anionic ligands tested. A preliminary mechanistic investigation is reported that suggests that the substituents on the ligands might have a crucial role in determining the redox properties of the metal centre and, consequently, its efficacy in the coupling process. An understanding of these effects is important for the development of new efficient and tunable ligands for copper‐based chemistry.     

Dialkylterphenyl Phosphine-Based Palladium Precatalysts for Efficient Aryl Amination of N-Nucleophiles

A series of 2-aminobiphenyl palladacycles supported by dialkylterphenyl phosphines, PR₂Ar′ (R=Me, Et, iPr, Cyp (cyclopentyl), Ar′=Ar^Dipp2, Ar^Xyl2f, Dipp (2,6-C6H3-(2,6-C6H3-(CHMe2)2)2), Xyl=xylyl) have been prepared and structurally characterized. Neutral palladacycles were obtained with less bulky terphenyl phosphines (i.e., Me and Et substituents) whereas the largest phosphines provided cationic palladacycles in which the phosphines adopted a bidentate hemilabile k¹-P,η¹-C_arene coordination mode. The influence of the ligand structure on the catalytic performance of these Pd precatalysts was evaluated in aryl amination reactions. Cationic complexes bearing the phosphines PiPr₂Ar^Xyl2 and PCyp₂Ar^Xyl2 were the most active of the series. These precatalysts have demonstrated a high versatility and efficiency in the coupling of a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles, including secondary amines, alkyl amines, anilines, and indoles, with electronically deactivated and ortho-substituted aryl chlorides at low catalyst loadings (0.25–0.75 mol % Pd) and without excess ligand.     

Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Methyl 13-Iodo-O-methylpodocarpate and Alcohols

Copper iodide was utilized as a relatively inexpensive catalyst for the synthesis of podocarpic acid ether derivatives in excellent yields through the one-step cross-coupling reaction of methyl 13-iodo-O-methylpodocarpate with alcohols.     

Simple and Efficient Method for the Preparation of Aryl Azides Using Sonication

An efficient procedure for the preparation of aryl azides using sonication is described. The convenient sonication-mediated azidation protocol is applicable to aryl compounds under mild conditions with aqueous solution of sodium dichloroiodate and sodium azide. Aryl azides were obtained in excellent yields from a variety of aryl compounds in short reaction times without affecting sensitive functional groups.     

Fe(OTf)3‐Catalyzed α‐Benzylation of Aryl Methyl Ketones with Electrophilic Secondary and Aryl Alcohols

Acid‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with electrophilic alcohols, is known to be an effective C? C bond forming reaction. However, until now, this reaction has not been amenable for α‐alkylation of aryl methyl ketones because of the notoriously low nucleophilicities of these compounds. Therefore, α‐alkylation of aryl methyl ketone relies on precious metal catalysts and also, the use of primary alcohols is mandatory. In this study, we found that a system composed of a Fe(OTf)₃ catalyst and chlorobenzene solvent is sufficient to promote the title Friedel–Crafts reaction by using benzhydrols as electrophiles. 3,4‐Dihydro‐9‐(2‐hydroxy‐4,4‐dimethyl‐6‐oxo‐1‐cyclohexen‐1‐yl)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐xanthen‐1(2 H)‐one was also applicable as an electrophile in this type of benzylation reaction. On the basis of this result, a three‐component reaction of salicylaldehyde, dimedone, and aryl methyl ketone was also developed, and this provided an efficient way for the synthesis of densely substituted 4H‐chromene derivatives.     

酸性离子液体催化脂肪酸甲酯聚合制备二聚酸甲酯

 以 Brönsted-Lewis 酸性离子液体为催化剂, 用于催化生物柴油中不饱和脂肪酸甲酯聚合制备二聚酸甲酯反应, 考察了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应温度和时间等因素对聚合反应性能的影响, 得到较佳的反应条件. 结果表明, 当以 1-(3-磺酸)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯锌酸盐[HO3S-(CH2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl2 (ZnCl2 摩尔分数为 0.67) 为催化剂, 生物柴油 15 g, m(生物柴油):m(离子液体) = 15:1, 于 240 oC 下反应 6 h 时, 二聚酸甲酯收率为 63.2%, 其中三聚体含量小于 5%. 另外, 该催化剂重复使用 5 次后, 二聚酸甲酯收率仍超过 63%, 表明其具有较好的重复使用性能. 离子液体的 Brönsted 和 Lewis 酸位的协同效应显著提高了其催化活性.     

合成甲基叔丁基醚的分子筛催化剂研究

通过对ＨＺＳＭ－５,ＨＺＲＰ－１和Ｈβ三种类型分子筛催化剂上合成甲基叔丁基醚的活性测定和结构表征,初步考察了分子筛孔结构对催化活性的影响。在此基础上,对适宜孔结构的分子筛进行了水热改性,考察了改性条件对分子筛催化剂的性质及其合成甲基叔丁基醚反应催化活性的影响,得到了催化活性较好的分子筛催化剂。