Suzuki Coupling of Cyclopropylboronic Acid With Aryl Halides Catalyzed by a Palladium–Tetraphosphine Complex

The tetraphosphine all‐cis‐1,2,3,4‐tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentane (Tedicyp) in combination with [Pd(C₃H₅)Cl]₂ affords a very efficient catalyst for the coupling of cyclopropylboronic acid with aryl bromides and aryl chlorides. Higher reactions rates were observed with aryl bromides than with aryl chlorides; however, even in the presence of 1–0.4% of catalyst, a few aryl chlorides gave the coupling products in good yields. A wide variety of substituents such as alkyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, acetyl, benzoyl, formyl, carboxylate, nitro, and nitrile on the aryl halides are tolerated. The coupling reaction of sterically very congested aryl bromides such as bromomesitylene or 2,4,6‐triisopropylbromobenzene also proceeds in good yields.     

Solvent‐Free,Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Chlorides with Arylboronic Acids

Pd(MeCN)₂Cl₂/PCy₃ was found to be an efficient catalytic system for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings of aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids under solvent‐free conditions. Furthermore, the presence of the conventional solvents had deleterious effect on the reaction. In the presence of Pd(MeCN)₂Cl₂, PCy₃, and TBAF (tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride), a number of aryl chlorides including heteroaryl chlorides were coupled with arylboronic acids or heteroarylboronic acids smoothly to afford the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Silica-supported Copper（Ⅱ） Catalyzed Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with Imidazoles

Immobilized copper（Ⅱ） in organic-inorganic hybrid materials catalyzed Ar-N coupling of arylboronic acids with imidazoles has been developed. Arylboronic acids reacted with imidazoles smoothly in the presence of a 3-（2-aminoethylamino）propyl functionalized silica gel immobilized copper（Ⅱ） catalyst （10 mol%） in methanol without any additives and bases. The reactions generated the corresponding cross-coupling products in good yields. Furthermore, silica-supported copper can be recovered and recycled by a simple filtration procedure and used for five consecutive trials without decreases in activity.     

Application of Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Ligandless Palladium Chloride in the Synthesis of Liquid Crystals

Palladium chloride–catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction was applied to the preparation of highly pure multiring liquid crystals with a biphenyl unit. The optimal reaction condition is the combination of 0.5 mol% PdCl₂, pyridine, and K₃PO₄, which was able to catalyze the cross‐coupling of substituted aryl bromides with substituted trans‐cyclohexylphenylboronic acids to give pure products in 38–87% yields.     

Cross—Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Malononitrile Catalyzed by Palladium N—Heterocyclic Carbene Complex System

Eight N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC),generated in situ from their imidazolium salts,as ligands of palladium complexes were used for the catalytic coupling of iodobenzene with malononi-trile anion,It was found that 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-imidazolium chloride (IMesHCl)-Pd2(dba)3 catalytic system has the highest activity to obtain phenyl malononitrile among the imidazolium salts.The substituted iodoarenes reacted with malononitrile anions by using the catalytic system to give cross-coupling products in yields from 50% to 96%.     

Recyclable and Ligandless Suzuki Coupling Catalyzed by Carbon Nanotube‐Supported Palladium Nanoparticles Synthesized in Supercritical Fluid

Carbon nanotube–supported palladium nanoparticles prepared by a supercritical fluid deposition method show high activities for catalyzing Suzuki coupling reactions, and the catalysts can be recycled and reused at least six times without losing activity.     

Copper‐Free,Efficient, Palladium (II)‐Catalyzed Coupling of Unactivated Aryl Iodides with Terminal Alkynes

Palladium(II)‐catalyzed coupling of terminal alkynes with unactivated aryl iodides occurs at room temperature in good to excellent yields in the presence of tetrabutylammounium bromide as additive and piperidine as base in a tetrahydrofuran–water solution without addition of any cuprous salts.     

SiO2-NHC-CuI–Catalyzed N-Arylation of Imidazoles with Arylboronic Acids Under Base-Free Reaction Conditions

N-Arylation of imidazoles with arylboronic acids was efficiently carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of SiO₂-NHC-Cu^I in methanol at room temperature under base-free reaction conditions. The reactions of a variety of arylboronic acids with imidazoles generated the corresponding products N-arylimidazoles in good to excellent yields. In addition, SiO₂-NHC-Cu^I could be recovered and recycled for six consecutive trials without significant loss of its reactivity.     

Heck Arylation of Acrylonitrfle with Aryl Iodides Catalyzed by a Silica-bound Arsine Palladium（0） Complex

Acrylonitrile reacts with aryl iodides in the presence of tri-n-butylamine and a catalytic amount of a silica-bound arsine palladium(O) complex to afford stereoselectively (E)-cinnamonitriles in high yields.     

Heck Arylation of Acrylonitrile with Aryl Iodides Catalyzed by a Silica-bound Arsine Palladium(0) Complex

The palladium-catalyzed arylation of alkenes is an important discovery in organo-palladium chemistry made by Heck et al. and has found wide application in organicsynthesis1,2. In this reaction, homogeneous palladium complexes such as Pd(OAc)2 areusually used as the catalysts and the amount of catalyst used is about 2 mol% of reactant.Although homogeneous palladium catalysts have proven to be efficient, their activity andstereoselectivity are moderate and use of homogeneous palladium catalysts…     

Synthesis of Isagarin,a Tetracyclic Naphthoquinone via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization

Total synthesis of isagarin (2) has been accomplished in five steps with 24.1% overall yield from 2‐bromonaphthoquinone (6). The key step is a palladium‐catalyzed cyclization to form a bicyclic ketal ring.     

Arylation of Allylic Alcohols with Aryl Iodides Catalyzed by a Silica-Bound Bidentate Sulfur Palladium (0) Complex

Thepalladium-catalyzedarylation0fallylicalc0h0lswitharylhalideshaspr0videdaconvenientmethodforthesynthesisof3-arylaldehydesandket0nesl'2.Benhaddouetal.3havestudiedthekineticsofthisarylationreaction.H0wever,homogene0uspalladiumcatalystssuchasPd(0Ac)2andPdCl2areusuallyused,anditisdifficulttorecuverthemfromthereactionmixture.ThemethodofinunobilizingcomPlexeshasmadehomogeneouscatalystsgenerallymoreattractivefromtheoreticalandindustrialpointsofview.Polymer-supportedpalladiumcatalystshavebeensucce…     

Development of Stereocontrolled Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Domino Heck/Suzuki β,α-Diarylation Reactions with Chelating Vinyl Ethers and Arylboronic Acids

A stereoselective and 1,4-benzoquinone-mediated palladium(II)-catalyzed Heck/Suzuki domino reaction involving metal coordinating cyclic methylamino vinyl ethers and a number of electronically diverse arylboronic acids has been developed and studied. Diastereomeric ratios up to 39:1 and 78 % isolated yields were obtained. The stereoselectivity of the reaction was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the arylboronic acid and the amount of water present in the reaction mixture. Thus, a domino β,α-diarylation–reduction of chelating vinyl ethers can now be accomplished and stereochemically controlled, given that optimized conditions and an appropriate chiral auxiliary are used. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first example of a stereoselective, oxidative Heck/Suzuki domino reaction in the literature.     

Synthesis of 1‐Indanones via Intramolecular Cyclodehydration of 3‐Arylpropionic Acids Catalyzed by Heteropoly Acid as Heterogeneous Catalyst

Intramolecular cyclodehydration of 3‐arylpropionic acids catalyzed by heteropoly acids was investigated for the first time. Several 3‐arylpropionic acids were refluxed and dehydrated in chlorobenzene in the presence of 0.2 equivalent of heteropoly acids, and 1‐indanones were obtained in good yield. At the same time, intermolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation were observed in this experiment.     

Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluorine-containing 3-Biaryl-1-ferrocenyl-2-propene-1-one

In the last two decades, molecular-based second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromo-phores1, have attracted much interest because of their potential applications in emerging 2opto-electronic technologies. These efforts have mainly focused on organic systems.More recently, organometallic molecules have been investigated as well. In comparisonto common organic molecules, they offer a large variety of novel structures3, . The 4possibility of high environmental stability, and divers…     

Microwave‐Promoted Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C?P Bond Formation by Using Arylboronic Acids or Aryltrifluoroborates

The first Pd^II‐catalyzed P arylation has been performed by using palladium acetate, the rigid bidentate ligand dmphen (dmphen=2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline), and without the addition of base or acid. Couplings of arylboronic acids or aryl trifluoroborates with H‐phosphonate dialkyl esters were conducted in 30 min with controlled microwave (MW) heating under non‐inert conditions. Aryl phosphites were also synthesized at room temperature with atmospheric air as the sole reoxidant. The arylated phosphonates were isolated in 44–90 % yields. The excellent chemoselectivity of the method was illustrated in the synthesis of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (MTB‐GS) inhibitor. Online ESIMS was used to detect cationic palladium species in ongoing reactions directly, and a catalytic cycle has been proposed based on these results.     

Structure of Palladium( Ⅱ ) Complex with 2-Hydroxy-propane 1, 3-diamine-N,N,N'''' N'''',-tetraacetic Acid

The reaction of PdCl2 in water with 2-hydroxypropane-1, 3-diaminetetraacetic acid (HPDTA) gave the complex Pd (C11H16N2O9)·1. 5H2O, which was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction data show that Pd ( Ⅱ ) is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms and two car-boxylic oxygen atoms. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group Pc with a = 1. 1240(2), b=1. 1183(2), c=1. 2597(3) nm, β=96. 33(2)°V=1. 5737(6) nm3, Z = 4, R= 0.038. The structure contains two crystallographically independent molecules which have slightly different orientations and are connected by hydrogen bonds.     

Efficient DMF‐Catalyzed Coupling of Epoxides with CO2 under Solvent‐Free Conditions to Afford Cyclic Carbonates

To develop a simple, low‐molecule, and cost‐effective organocatalyst for the coupling of epoxides with CO₂, we have screened this coupling reaction in different organic solvents and found that DMF is an efficient organic catalyst for the coupling of epoxides with CO₂ to give cyclic carbonates in high yield. In some cases, the catalytic activity of DMF can be significantly increased by the addition of catalytic amount of H₂O.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite in Water Samples with 4‐(1‐Methyl‐1‐Mesitylcyclobutane‐3‐yl)‐2‐Aminothiazole

Abstract

A simple, sensitive, and specific spectrophotometric method for the measurement of nitrite in water has been developed and optimum reaction conditions along with other analytical parameters have been evaluated. The azo dye, 4‐(1‐methyl‐1‐mesitylcylobutane‐3‐yl)‐2‐(p‐N,N‐dimethylazobenzene)‐1,3‐thiazole was synthesized with the reaction of 4‐(1‐methyl‐1‐mesitylcylobutane‐3‐yl)‐2‐aminothiazole and N,N‐dimethyl aniline in acidic medium. Obtained azo dye has been characterized by infrared (IR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and microanalysis methods. The dye shows an absorption maximum at 482 nm. The method is optimized for acid concentration, pH, amount of reagents required, time, and interfering species. All the determinations were carried out at this wavelength throughout the work. At an analytical wavelength of 482 nm, Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range 0.05 to 2.00 µg nitrite per mL analyte. The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, and relative standard deviation are 2.03×10⁴ L mol^?1 cm^?1±251.3 (95%), 2.28×10^?3 µg cm^?2, and 2.74% (n=10), respectively. The detection limit of the method is 0.012 µg ml^?1 of nitrite ion. The method was succesfully applied to the determination of nitrite in tap water and lake water.     

Michael-Addition Reaction of Malononitrile with a,β-Unsaturated Cycloketones Catalyzed by KF/Al_2O_3

The utility of fluoride salts as potential base in a va-riety of synthetic reactions has been recognized in re-cent years.1 However, low solubility of fluoride salts in ordinary solvents hampers their wide applications in organic synthesis. On the other hand, there has been increasing use of inorganic solid supports as catalysts for many years2 resulting in higher selectivity, milder reaction conditions and easier work-up. Especially po-tassium fluoride-coated alumina (KF-alumina) has been a …