An Efficient Synthesis of Optically Pure (R)- and (S)-2-(aminomethyl)alanine ((R)- and (S)-ama) and (R)- and (S)-2-(aminomethyl)leucine ((R)- and (S)-aml)

An efficient synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-2-(aminomethyl)alanine ((R)- and (S)-Ama) 1a and (R)- and (S)-2-(aminomethyl)leucine ((R)- and (S)-Aml) 1b is described (Schemes 1 and 2). Resolution of the racemic amino acids was achieved using L -phenylalanine cyclohexylamide ( 2 ) as chiral auxiliary. The free amino acids 1a, b were converted to the N^α-Boc,N^γ-Z-protected derivatives 11a, b (Scheme 3) ready for incorporation into peptides. Based on the three crystal structures of the diastereoisomeric peptides 8a, 8b , and 9b , the absolute configurations in both series were determined. β-Turn type-I geometries were observed for structures 8b and 9b , whereas 8a crystallized in an extended backbone conformation.     

Synthesis and Alkylation of Piperidinium 4,5-trans-3-Cyano-6-hydroxy-4-(2-iodophenyl)-6-methyl-5-(2-methylphenyl)carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2-thiolate. Molecular and Crystal Structure of 3-(2-Iodophenyl)-2-(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)acrylonitrile

The reaction of o-iodobenzaldehyde, cyanothioacetamide, and N-acetoacetyl-o-toluidine in the presence of piperidine gave piperidinium 4,5-trans-3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-(2-iodophenyl)-6-methyl-5-(2-methylphenyl)carbamoyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2-thiolate used in the synthesis of substituted 4,5-trans-2-alkylthiotetrahydropyridines and 2-(2-thiazolyl)acrylonitriles. The structure of 3-(2-iodophenyl)-2-(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)acrylonitrile was studied using X-ray diffraction structural analysis.     

Synthesis of 2-(2-methoxyethyl)- and 2-(2-thiomethoxyethyl)-aniline and related compounds

Summary 2-(2-Nitrophenyl)-ethanol (2) was methylated with dimethyl sulfate to give 2-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-nitrobenzene (3a) which then was reduced with hydrazine hydrate in the presence ofRaney nickel to 2-(2-methoxyethyl)-aniline (1a). Compound1a can be transformed into the N-monosilylated derivative4 by lithiation withn-butyllithium and subsequent reaction with chlorotrimethylsilane. Reaction of2 withp-toluenesulfonyl chloride yields 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-ethylp-toluenesulfonate (5), which reacts with sodium thiomethoxide to give 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-ethylp-toluenesulfonate (5), which reacts with sodium thiomethoxide to give 2-(2-thiomethoxyethyl)-1-nitrobenzene (3b).3b was reduced with hydrazine hydrate in the presence ofRaney nickel to yield 2-(2-thiomethoxyethyl)-aniline (1b). Ethyl (2-nitrophenyl)-acetate (6) could be dimethylated with methyl iodide in the presence of potassiumtert-butoxide and 18-crown-6 to give ethyl 2-methyl-2-(2-nitrophenyl)-propionate (7). Reduction of7 with lithium borohydride yields 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1H-indole (9) and 2-[(1-hydroxy-2-methyl)-2-propyl]-aniline (10).

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Synthese von 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)- und 2-(2-Thiomethoxyethyl)-anilin und verwandten Verbindungen

Zusammenfassung 2-(2-Nitrophenyl)-ethanol (2) wurde mit Dimethylsulfat zu 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)-1-nitrobenzol (3a) methyliert, das sich mit Hydrazinhydrat in Gegenwart vonRaney-Nickel zu 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)-anilin (1a) reduzieren läßt. Verbindung1a kann durch Metallierung mitn-Butyllithium und anschließende Reaktion mit Chlortrimethylsilan in dasN-monosilylierte Derivat4 umgewandelt werden. Reaktion von2 mitp-Toluolsulfonylchlorid ergab 2-(2-Nitrophenyl)-ethyl-p-Toluolsulfonat (5), das mit Natriumthiomethanolat zu 1-Nitro-2-(2-thiomethoxyethyl)-benzol (3b) reagiert.3b wurde mit Hydrazinhydrat in Gegenwart vonRaney-Nickel zu 2-(2-Thiomethoxyethyl)-anilin (1b) reduziert. Ethyl-2-(nitrophenyl)-acetat (6) kann mit Methyliodid in Gegenwart von Kalium-tert-butoxid und 18-Krone-6 zu Ethyl-2-methyl-2-(2-nitrophenyl)-propionat (7) dimethyliert werden. Reduktion von7 mit Lithiumborhydrid lieferte 2,3-Dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1H-indol (9) und 2-[(1-Hydroxy-2-methyl)-2-propyl]-anilin (10).

     

Synthesis and optical behaviors of 2-(9-phenanthrenyl)-, 2-(9-anthryl)-, and 2-(1-pyrenyl)-1-alkylimidazole homologues

Eight 2-(9-phenanthrenyl)-, 2-(9-anthryl)- and 2-(1-pyrenyl)-1-alkyl-benzimidazole compounds, three 2-(9-anthryl)-1-alkylphenanthroimidazole compounds and five 4,5-diphenyl-1-alkyl-2-(9-anthryl)imidazole compounds were synthesized by alkylation reactions of the corresponding benzimidazole, phenanthroimidazole or imidazole compounds. 2-(10-Bromo-9-anthryl)-1-alkyl-benzimidazole compounds were prepared by bromination reaction of 2-(9-anthryl)-1-alkylbenzimidazole compounds. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS or HRMS; their absorption coefficients (), maximum absorption λ_amax, fluorescence emission maximum λ_em, Stokes shifts and fluorescence quantum yields (Φ_F) in ethyl acetate were determined; their fluorescent lifetimes (T₁ and T₂) were measured in ethyl acetate and in solid state, respectively. The crystal structure of 2-(9-anthryl)-1-n-butyl-4,5-diphenylimidazole (12a) was determined to be triclinic, space group P-1 types, using single crystal X-ray crystallography technique. The results showed that these compounds exhibited moderate fluorescence-emission abilities and higher solubility in most organic solvents than their corresponding starting materials. The relationships between the optical behaviors and structures for these compounds were discussed.     

Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-isopropyloxazolidin-2-one,intermediates in the preparation of optically active β-blockers

The (R)- and (S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-isopropyloxazolidin-2-ones, ((R)- and (S)- 2 , resp.), pivotal intermediates in the preparation of optically active β-blockers, were synthesized using (R,E)-2-hydroxypent-3-enenitrile ( 1 ) as the chiral starting material. In the synthesis of (R)- 2 , a known cyclization/inversion step was applied.     

Some reactions of 2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-(N-methyl-N-4-substitutedbenzamido) acetic acids

In situ generated 2,4-diaryl substituted münchnones from 2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-(N-methyl-N-4-substitutedbenzamido)acetic acids react with acetic anhydride in the presence of 2-nitromethylene thiazolidine, which is most likely acting as a base, and unexpectedly undergo a Dakin–West type reaction and a concurrent autoxidation reaction leading to the formation of (E)-1-(N,4-dimethylbenzamido)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-1-en-2-yl acetate, 4-substitutedphenyl-N-methyl-N-(4-substitutedbenzoyl) benzamides and p-substituted benzoic acids. In addition, a novel and efficient access to N-acyl urea derivatives is described by the reaction between 2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-(N-methyl-N-4-substitutedbenzamido)acetic acids and cyclohexyl, isopropyl carbodiimides in the presence of a base. The structures of all new products were identified on the basis of NMR and IR spectra, along with X-ray diffraction data and HRMS measurements.     

1-( p -Fluorophenyl)-2-(2′-pyridyl)ethanol and 1-( p -fluorophenyl)-2-(2′-pyridyl)ethene obtained from the condensation reaction of 2-picoline and p -fluorophenylaldehyde under catalyst-and solvent-free conditions

The novel intermediate 1-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-(2′-pyridyl)ethanol or 2-[2′-(1-hydroxy-1-(p-fluorophenyl)ethyl]pyridine and the corresponding novel dehydration compound 1-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-(2′-pyridyl)ethene or 2-[p-fluorophenylvinyl]pyridine were obtained from the condensation reaction of p-fluorophenylaldehyde and 2-picoline under catalyst-and solvent-free conditions. The intermediate 1-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-(2′-pyridyl)ethanol was obtained at 42 h reaction time and temperature of 120°C, respectively. ¹H-NMR, IR spectroscopic data of the 1-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)ethanol clearly showed the presence of the-CH₂-CHOH-group. The compound was obtained as a white powder with m.p. 121–122°C and a yield of 8%. For 1-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)ethene, the reaction conditions were similar, but the reaction temperature was increased to yield the double bond in the 1-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-(2′-pyridyl)ethene. At the reaction temperature of 140°C, the compound was a slightly brown powder with a m.p. of 78°C and yield of 18%. ¹H-NMR, IR spectroscopic data for the 1-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-(2′-pyridyl)ethene showed the presence of a double bond in trans configuration (-CH=CH-), characteristic of a styrylpyridine.     

Umsetzung von 3-(Dimethylamino)-2H-azirinen mit 1,3-Oxazolidin-2-thion zu 3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-thiohydantoinen

Reaction of 3-(Dimethylamino)-2H-azirines with 1,3-Oxazolidine-2-thione to 3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2- thiohydantoins The reaction of 3-(dimethylamino)-2H-azirines 1 and 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione ( 6 ), in MeCN at room temperature, yields, after hydrolytic workup, 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-thiohydantoins 7 (Scheme 2). In the case of the spirocyclic 1c , crystallization of the crude reaction mixture leads to spiro [cyclopentane-1, 7′(7′aH)-imidazo [4, 3-b] oxazole] -5′-thione 8c . The mechanism is discussed.     

Efficient synthesis of (2S)-tert-butyl 2-(2-bromopropanamido)-5-oxo-5-(tritylamino)pentanoate as a precursor of PET radiotracer [18F]FPGLN

This study describes a convenient protocol for the synthesis of (2S)-tert-butyl 2-(2-bromopropanamido)-5-oxo-5-(tritylamino)pentanoate, which can serve as an appropriate precursor of (2S)-5-amino-2-(2-[¹⁸F]fluoropropanamido)-5-oxopentanoic acid (N-(2-[¹⁸F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamine, [¹⁸F]FPGLN) for tumor positron emission tomography imaging. Five-step synthesis starting from L-glutamine provided the desired precursor with high yields. In addition, a simple method for the preparation of [¹⁸F]FPGLN from this easily available precursor was developed using a two-step ¹⁸F-labeling strategy.     

Synthesis,spectroscopic, biological,and theoretical studies of new complexes from (E)-3-(2-(5, 6- diphenyl-1,2,4- triazin-3- yl)hydrazono)butan-2- one oxime

New mononuclear Fe (III), Cu (II), Ag (I), ZrO ( IV) and UO₂(VI) complexes were synthesized by the reaction of metal ions with (E)-3-(2-(5, 6- diphenyl-1,2,4- triazin-3- yl)hydrazono)butan-2- one oxime. The structures of the metal complexes were characterized using analytical, spectral (infrared, electronic, ¹H NMR, electron spin resonance (ESR), and mass), magnetic moment, molar conductance, thermal gravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. All complexes have octahedral geometries except the Cu (II) complex, which has square planar geometry, and the UO₂(VI) complex, in which the coordination number is seven. The ligand acts as a (neutral, monoanionic or dianionic) tridentate with N₂O coordinating sites: N-azomethine, N-triazine, and O-oxime. Fluorescence spectral studies were carried out in solid state and in dimethylformamide (DMF). The kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition stages were calculated using Coats–Redfern equations. The morphological structures of the ligand and some complexes were determined using XRD. The molecular orbital calculations were carried out for the ligand and metal complexes using the Hyperchem 7.52 program on the basis of the PM3 level. The antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its complexes were investigated towards the microorganisms S. aureus and B. subtilis as Gram-positive bacteria, S. typhimurium and E. coli as Gram-negative bacteria, C. albicans, and A. fumigatus. The ligand and its complexes showed antitumor activity against Hep G-2 cell lines, where Cu (II) and Ag (I) complexes seem to be promising as they showed IC₅₀ values that are lower than and comparable to that of the antitumor drug doxorubicin.     

Proton-controlled photoisomerization of 1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(2-quinolyl)ethylene

Quantum-chemical calculations (B3LYP/6-31G*) predict the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) in the monoprotonated Z-isomer of 1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(2-quinolyl)ethylene (2P2Q), with this bond stabilizing the isomer relative to its E-counterpart. An experimentally observed increase in the quantum yield of trans-cis photoisomerization (φ_tc) by more than an order of magnitude (from 0.033 to 0.42 in acetonitrile) on passing from the neutral to the monoprotonated form of 2P2Q can be associated with IMHB, which manifested itself in the spectral properties of the Z-isomer. The IMHB breaks in the diprotonated form, and the value of φ_tc decreases back to the initial value. In addition to the photoisomerization, the photoreduction and photoaddition reactions of solvent molecules have been observed in an ethanol solution of 2P2Q.     

Synthesis and Bioassay of Ethyl-2- (2-((Diethoxyphosphoryl) (Aryl) Methylamino)Thiazol-4-Yl)-2-(Methoxyimino)Acetates

Abstract

A simple, efficient, and environmentally benign methodology has been accomplished for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates by one-pot three-component reaction of ethyl-2-amino-α-(methoxy-imino)-4-thiazoleacetate, aldehydes, and diethylphosphite by using Amberlyst-15 as catalyst at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. Their chemical structures were characterized by infrared (IR), NMR (¹H, ¹³C & ³¹P), mass spectral, and elemental analysis. All the title compounds were screened for radical-scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitic oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) methods.

Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements for the following free supplemental files: Additional text and figures.     

Synthesis and transformations of methyl (E)-2-(acetylamino)-3-cyanoprop-2-enoate und methyl (E)-2-(benzoylamino)-3-cyanoprop-2-enoate,versatile reagents for the preparation of polyfunctional heterocyclic systems

Methyl (E)-2-(acetylamino)-3-cyanoprop-2-enoate ( 2a ), and its 2-benzoyl analog 2b ere prepared from the corresponding methyl (Z)-2-(acylamino)-3-(dimethylamino)propenoates 1 Multifunctional compounds 2 are versatile synthons for preparation of polysubstituted heterocyclic systems such as pyrroles 4 , pyrimidines 5 and 6 , pyridazines 7 , pyrazoles 8 , 9 , and 11 , and isoxazoles 10 .     

Cobalt(II) halide complexes ofN-2-(4-picolyl)-,N-2-(6-picolyl)-andN-2-(4,6-lutidyl)-N′-phenylthioureas

Summary Co^II complexes of various stoichiometries have been isolated from reactions of the metal chlorides and bromides withN-2-(4-picolyl)-,N-2-(6-picolyl)- andN-2-(4,6-lutidyl)-N-phenylthioureas.     

Design,synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of novel 2-(4-((1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)2-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)acetamide derivatives

In this paper, a novel series of 2-(4-((1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)2-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)acetamide derivatives are synthesized in two steps. The first step involved Ugi multicomponent reaction of β-alanine, o-(propargyl)benzaldehyde and isocyanide derivatives. The product of this step, underwent a click 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with benzyl azide derivatives. The 2-(4-((1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)2-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)acetamide product was characterized and their antibacterial activities were evaluated against various G-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and G-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria, using minimal inhibition concentration. The compounds showed very good antimicrobial activity and a number of products have been more active than ciprofloxacin.     

New synthetic route to the important (S)-5-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-2-methylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid intermediate for the synthesis of a novel glucokinase activator

To obtain an efficient and practical route to a novel glucokinase activator, we investigated a novel synthetic method for the preparation of its key intermediate (S)-5-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-2-methylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid through the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of a pyrroline derivative. The hydrogenation of this pyrroline derivative using the iridium (III)-prolinamide complex Cp*IrCl[(R)-PA] at atmospheric pressure provided an initial intermediate in approximately 50% ee. Further purification via recrystallization provided the desired key intermediate in an excellent enantiopurity, which was applicable to practical use.     

Synthesis of Esters of 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indole-2-acetic Acid and 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indole-2-malonic acid (= 2-[3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]propanedioic acid) 4th communication on indoles,indolenines, and indolines

Alkyl 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indole-2-acetates 6a and 6b are synthesized starting from methyl 1H-indole-2-acetate (2) via methyl 3-(2-nitroethenyl)-1H-indole-2-acetate (4) and the alkyl 3-(2-nitroethyl)-1H-indole-2-acetates 5a and (Scheme 1). Analogously, diisopropyl 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indole-2-malonate 20b is obtained from diisopropyl 1H-indole-2-malonate 11c (Scheme 4). An alternative synthesis of 20a and 20b follows a route via 15–18 and the dialkyl 3-(2-azidoethyl)-1H-indole-2-malonates 19a and 19b , respectively (Scheme 3). The aminoethyl compounds 6a and 20a are easily transformed into lactams 7 and 21 , respectively. Procedures for the preparation of the indoles 2 and 11a and of the alkylating agent 14 are described. A tautomer 12 of 11a is isolated.     

Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-styrylpyrazoles

Abstract  

An efficient synthesis method for the preparation of a series of new (Z)- and (E)-3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-styrylpyrazoles was developed. The reaction of (Z)- and (E)-3-styrylchromones with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding (Z)- and (E)-3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-styrylpyrazoles, except for nitro derivatives, where both (Z)- and (E)-4′-nitro-3-styrylchromones afforded (E)-3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-nitrostyryl)pyrazoles. The reaction mechanism for these transformations is discussed and the stereochemistries of all products were established by NMR experiments.     

New chromophores based on 2-(4-vinylchromen-2-ylidene)malononitrile and 2-(2-vinylchromen-4-ylidene)malononitrile

New derivatives of 2-(4-vinylchromen-2-ylidene)malononitrile and 2-(2-vinylchromen-4-ylidene)malononitrile were synthesized using the Knoevenagel reaction of 2-(4-methyl-chromen-2-ylidene)malononitrile and 2-(2-methylchromen-4-ylidene)malononitrile, respectively, with the participation of [1-(2-n-butoxyethyl)-2,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)]-carbaldehyde. First hyperpolarizability (β) was calculated for the obtained compounds using the M05-2X functional and 6-31+G (d) basis. Optical properties and solvatochromism in solvents of different polarity (toluene, 1,4-dioxane, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, DMF, and ethanol) were also investigated.