Synthesis of Novel Spiro Pyrrolidine and Pyrrolizine Derivatives by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides derived from isatin and amino acids viz. sarcosine and proline to 2‐arylmethylidene‐5,6‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazol‐3(2H)‐ones afforded novel spiro pyrrolidines and pyrrolizidines regio‐ and stereoselectively in moderate yields. The products were characterized thoroughly by IR, MS, NMR together with elementary analysis.     

Synthesis of Novel Ferrocenyl Oxindole and Ferrocene Substituted Dispiroheterocycles Through [3+2]Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides

Synthesis of novel ferrocenyl oxindoles was successfully achieved, and a series of novel dispiroheterocyclic system has been synthesized by the cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated by the decarboxylative route from secondary amino acids (sarcosine/proline) and isatin/acenaphthequinone/ninhydrin with the newly synthesized ferrocenyl oxindole. All of the cycloaddition reactions gave ferrocenyl substituted pyrrolidine/pyrrolizidine derivatives with very high regio and stereoselectivity in reasonable yiels.     

Synthesis of Novel Spiro Thiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazines via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide generated by a decarboxylative route from sarcosine and acenaphthenequinone to 7‐arylmethylidene‐3‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a][1,3,5]triazin‐6(7H)‐ones afforded novel dispiro[acenaphthylene‐1,2′‐pyrrolidine]‐3′,7′ ′‐[1,3]thiazolo[3,2‐a][1,3,5]triazines in moderate yields. The structures of the products were determined and characterized thoroughly by NMR, MS, IR, elemental analysis and X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The results of experiment indicated that this 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition proceeded with high stereoselectivity and regioselectivity.     

Synthesis of Novel 1,2,4‐oxadiazoline Derivatives Containing Quinoline Moiety by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition

A series of novel 1,2,4‐oxadiazoline derivatives containing 2‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)quinoline were synthesized by the reaction of imines with benzohydroximinoyl chlorides in the presence of Et₃N via 1,3‐diplolar cycloaddition reaction. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, MS, elemental, and X‐ray crystallographic analysis.     

Synthesis of Spirocyclic and Tricyclic Isoxazoline via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions

1,3‐Dipolar cycloadditions of the bicyclic monoterpenes (S)‐(?)‐camphene ( 1 ), (R)‐(+)‐a‐pinene ( 2 ), and (S)‐(?)‐b‐pinene ( 3 ) with aryl and heteroaryl nitrile oxides afforded new spirocyclic and tricyclic isoxazoline derivatives 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 whose biological activities were evaluated in bioassay studies.     

Synthesis of Novel Porphyrin Derivatives with Mesogenic Properties

Two novel porphyrin derivatives, 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-(N-octane-carboxamide)phenyl)porphyrin (4NC₈-TPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-(N-stearyl-carboxamide)phenyl)porphyrin (4NC₁₈-TPP), were synthesized. Their molecular structures were characterized by means of time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared spectra (IR). The thermal behavior and morphologies of 4NC₈-TPP and 4NC₁₈-TPP were examined by thermal gravity (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and polarizing optical microscope (POM). It was found that both 4NC₈-TPP and 4NC₁₈-TPP had mesogenic properties.     

Review of Synthesis of Spiro Heterocyclic Compounds from Isatin

Isatin is an essential building block in organic synthesis and shows various biological activities. The most attractive application of isatin in organic synthesis is undoubtedly in the highly reactive C-3 carbonyl group, which is a prochiral center as well. The construction of a spiroheterocyclic framework has always been a challenging endeavor for synthetic organic chemists as it frequently requires synthetic design based on specific strategies. This review gives a short summary of the advances in the use of isatin in the synthesis of various spiroheterocyclic compounds through multicomponent reactions and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions.     

Synthesis of Novel Porphyrin Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Activities against A431 Cells

Three novel porphyrins, including two Schiff‐bases porphyrins, 5,10,15‐triphenyl‐20‐[4‐(2‐(4‐formyl)phenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl porphyrin ( H₂Pp ( 1 )), 5,10,15‐triphenyl‐20‐[4‐(2‐(4‐hydroxyimino)phenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl porphyrin ( H₂Pp ( 2 )) and 5,10,15‐triphenyl‐20‐[4‐(2‐(4‐m‐hydroxyanilinodeneformyl)phenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl porphyrin ( H₂Pp ( 3 )), as well as three metalloporphyrins ( CuPp ( 1a ), ZnPp ( 1b ), and CoPp ( 1c )) of porphyrin H₂Pp ( 1 ) were synthesized. Their molecular structures were characterized by ¹H‐NMR, MS, UV/VIS, and FT‐IR spectra. Furthermore, they were evaluated by their cytotoxicities against human epidermal squamous cell carcinoma cell (A431) and normal human horn cells (HaCaT) in vitro with MTT assay. Interestingly, these porphyrins and metalloporphyrins, which had a negligible cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells, showed highly cytotoxicity against A431 cells with IC₅₀ values in the range of 6.6–9.8 μM , and metalloporphyrins exhibited higher cytotoxicity than that of metal‐free porphyrins.     

One-Pot Functionalization of Graphene with Porphyrin through Cycloaddition Reactions

Two types of graphene‐based hybrid materials, graphene‐TPP (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin) and graphene‐PdTPP (PdTPP=palladium tetraphenylporphyrin), were prepared directly from pristine graphene through one‐pot cycloaddition reactions. The hybrid materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), by TEM, by UV/Vis, FTIR, Raman, and luminescence spectroscopy, and by fluorescence/phosphorescence lifetime measurements. The presence of the covalent linkages between graphene and porphyrin was confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and further supported by control experiments. The presence of TPP (or PdTPP) in the hybrid material was demonstrated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, with TGA results indicating that the graphene‐TPP and graphene‐PdTPP hybrid materials contained approximately 18 % TPP and 20 % PdTPP. The quenching of fluorescence (or phosphorescence) and reduced lifetimes suggest excited state energy/electron transfer between graphene and the covalently attached TPP (or PdTPP) molecules.     

环丙基螺环硫巴比妥衍生物的合成、表征及抗惊厥活性

设计合成了2个刚性很强的结构对称性巴比妥酸类化合物———环丙基螺环硫巴比妥酸化合物。通过红外、核磁对其结构进行了表征。其中化合物1a和1b活泼氢(N—H)的化学位移有明显区别。利用二维氢氢相关谱观察到了化合物1a结构中,环丙烷上氢质子与酰胺环上氢质子由于螺环刚性屏蔽影响使其2个环上同侧较近质子之间存在相关性,异侧较远质子之间无相关性。初步测试了2个化合物的抗小鼠电击惊厥活性:化合物1a和1b的惊厥抑制率分别为50%和70%。     

Synthesis of Novel Trispiroheterocycles through 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and Nitrile Oxide

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide generated by a decarboxylative route from sarcosine and isatin to 1‐benzyl‐3,5‐diarylmethylidene‐piperidin‐4‐ones afforded novel di‐spiro‐indolo/pyrrolidino/piperidines in moderate yields. Further cycloaddition of these di‐spiro compounds to nitrile oxide afforded tri‐spiro‐indolo/pyrrolidino/piperadino/isoxazolines in moderate yields with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.     

Study on Synthesis,Characteristics and Catalysis Properties of Novel Chiral Metal Complexes Catalysts for 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrone with Electron‐Rich Alkene

As a new class of potential catalysts for 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions, fourteen L‐amino acid Schiff base Cu(II) and Ti(IV) complexes were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their catalytic activities in the reaction between C,N‐diphenylnitrone and electron‐rich ethyl vinyl ether under both homogeneous and in situ conditions. The methods for preparation and utilization of the catalysts were elucidated in detail, and the results of the catalytic reactions were described and discussed as well. Excellent reaction results were found in the presence of some catalysts (20 mol%) with > 90% endo‐isoazolidines produced, compared with predominantly exo‐isoazolidine produced without a catalyst. In addition, the reaction rate is found to be enhanced remarkably by a Cu(II) complex Schiff base catalyst at room temperature.     

新型色满酮并环己烷螺环氧化吲哚类化合物的合成

以色酮 氧化吲哚合成子与硝基苯乙烯,在催化剂DBU作用下,在二氯甲烷中发生Michael/Michael加成环化反应,合成了9个未见文献报道的新型色满酮并环己烷螺环氧化吲哚类化合物3a~3i产率72%~87%, dr值4/1~2/1, 其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF）表征确定。     

An Efficient Synthesis of Mono and Bis‐1,2,3‐triazole AZT Derivatives via Copper(I)‐catalyzed Cycloaddition

An efficient synthesis of novel mono and bis‐1,2,3‐triazoles 3′‐azido‐2′‐deoxythymidine (AZT) derivatives via copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction is described. Starting from AZT and terminal alkyne derivatives, mono and bis‐1,2,3‐triazole AZT derivatives are regioselectively obtained in good yields under mild conditions using CuSO4·5H2O and sodium ascorbate as a catalyst system, and t‐BuOH/H₂O (1:1, v/v) as a co‐solvent. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by IR, HR MS and NMR.     

卟啉衍生物的合成与性能研究进展

卟啉化学是有机化学研究中不可或缺的一个方向。由于卟啉在结构上具有一个大的共轭体系,从而具有典型的芳香性。其具有优异的光电性能、独特的光动力治疗作用、高效的催化活性,并且广泛存在于血红素、叶绿素、维生素B_(12)、过氧化氢酶等有机生物分子中,所有这一切都吸引着科学家们进行深入研究。本文从取代卟啉、缩合卟啉以及扩环卟啉三个方面分别讨论了卟啉的研究进展,通过列举一系列经典的反应以及卟啉衍生物,总结了卟啉衍生物的合成方法及其发展方向。另外,文中还对于卟啉的一些特殊物理、化学和光电性质,做了重点介绍。本文旨在为卟啉的研究者们提供参考。     

卟啉及其衍生物对生物分子的识别研究进展

卟啉及其衍生物作为主体分子对生物分子的识别具有独特的优点：分子结构多样、形状选择、稳定性好和敏感性高等。 本文着重介绍了国内外关于卟啉对DNA、氨基酸、醌和胺等的分子识别研究进展。     

Synthesis of New Quinoline Derivatives

The synthesis of some new functionalized quinolyl derivatives has been described, based on the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide, generated from sarcosine or N‐benzylglycine and paraformaldehyde, to 2‐chloro‐3‐quinolinecarbaldehydes.     

1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones with 5-Methylenehydantoins: Synthesis and Transformation of New Spirohydantoin Derivatives

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of various acyclic nitrones with 5-methylenehydantoin derivatives afforded new chiral spiroadducts in good yields. All the spirohydantoins were obtained through a regio- and stereospecific pathway, and the spirocarbon atom was linked to the isoxazolidine oxygen atom. A representative example of the reduction of the spirohydantoin 8 with Zn/AcOH led to the substituted 1,3-aminoalcohol hydantoin 20.     

甲亚胺叶立德的1,3-偶极环加成反应合成螺吲哚里西啶类化合物

通过7-芳亚甲基-6,7-二氢中氮茚-8(5H)-酮与甲亚胺叶立德(经苊醌或靛红与肌氨酸反应原位生成)进行的l,3-偶极环加成反应,合成了具有良好产率的新的1’-甲基-4’-芳基-5",6"-二氢-2H,8"H-二螺[苊烯-1,2’-吡咯烷-3’,7"-中氮茚]-2,8"-二酮类化合物和1’-甲基-4’-芳基-5",6"-二氢-1H,8"H-二螺[吲哚-3,2’-吡咯烷-3’,7"-中氮茚]-2,8"-二酮类化合物.采用NMR,IR,质谱,元素分析以及X射线单晶衍射等多种谱学技术对产物进行了结构表征.     

A Convenient 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction for the Synthesis of Spirooxindoles and Some Other Spirocompounds Containing the 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Moiety

A series of spiro[indoline‐3,2′‐[1,3,4]oxadiazol]‐2‐ones were prepared from the reaction of isatin derivatives and hydrazonoyl chlorides through the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. This method has some important aspects, such as mild reaction condition, easy purification, and high yield of products. Also, the synthesis of spiro[acenaphthylene‐1,2′‐[1,3,4]oxadiazol]‐2‐one and spiro[[1,3,4]oxadiazole‐2,9′‐phenanthren]‐10′‐one were studied under the same condition. The structures were confirmed spectroscopically (IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this reaction is proposed.