A New Method for the Synthesis of C/D Ring Synthon of Vitamin D

Inrecentyears,vitaminDresearchareahasbeenstimulatedbythediscoveriesthatIQ,25-dihydroxyvitaminD,,theactivemetaboliteofvitaminD,,inadditiontotheclassicalrolesofregulatingcalciumandphosphorusmetabolisms',hasamuchbroaderspectrumofactivitiesthanoriginallythought,suchaspromotingcelldifferelltiationandinhibitingcellproliferation"'.Thebiologicalsignificanceandmedicalneedshaveledeffortstowardthesearchforanaloguesofpotentcelldifferelltiationandantiproliferationactivitywithouttoxichypercalcemiaassociate…     

Sufficient Vitamin D from Casual Sun Exposure?

Next to the adverse effects of solar UV exposure, the beneficial effects mediated by vitamin D₃ have come into the limelight. The question then is “how much sun exposure do we actually need?” Estimates have been made, but the data are not quite adequate. The groups of Drs. Rhodes and Webb bridged the gap between experiments and everyday life by a study in which 109 volunteers were exposed in mid‐winter to simulated solar UV radiation in summertime clothing at dosages of 1.3 SED three times a week. Thus, 90% reached sufficiently high vitamin D statuses (>50 nmol L⁻¹). In this issue, these researchers transpose these experimental exposures in a cabinet to summertime noon exposures of people walking around for about half an hour in open terrain on a clear day in Manchester, UK. This result is an improvement over earlier estimates and shows that casual mid‐day summer sun exposure should indeed suffice.     

Vitamin D3对儿童桥本甲状腺炎IL-10、IL-12的调节作用

目的:分别以IL-12、IL-10作为Th1、Th2的代表,在1,α25(OH)2D3的干预下,在单核细胞水平分析人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)中IL-10、IL-12在儿童桥本甲状腺炎(HT)中的细微变化,并探讨1α,25(OH)2D3的免疫调节作用。方法:以27例HT患儿为研究对象,17名健康儿童作对照,采集外周静脉血,一部分用于分离并培养单核细胞,设1,α25(OH)2D3干预组和对照组,收集培养上清液,ELISA检测上清液中IL-10、IL-12水平。另一部分静脉血分离出血清,再提取25(OH)D3,用放射免疫法(RIA)测定25(OH)D3水平。结果:HT组25(OH)D3显著低于健康对照,分别为(21.85±5.73)ng/mL和(27.56±7.46)ng/mL(P<0.01),且HT组PBMC产生IL-12水平显著高于健康对照,分别为(119.18±28.65)pg/mL和(102.84±23.86)pg/mL(P<0.01),而IL-10的表达显著低于健康对照,分别为(132.99±12.04)pg/mL和(171.41±35.72)pg/mL(P<0.01)。1α,25(OH)2D3干预后HT患儿IL-12表达显著下调为(98.57±11.98)pg/mL(P<0.01),IL-10表达在HT组和健康对照组均上调,分别为(184.15±35.34)pg/mL(P<0.01)、(223.77±53.36)pg/mL(P<0.01),HT组ρ(IL-10)/ρ(IL-12)比值显著升高。结论:HT患儿的25(OH)D3水平不足。1α,25(OH)2D3参与单核细胞分泌细胞因子的调节过程,能抑制HT增强的Th1型细胞因子IL-12分泌,增加IL-10表达,纠正n(Th1)/n(Th2)细胞因子失衡。     

Complexing Power of Vitamin D3 Toward Various Metals. Potentiometric Studies of Vitamin D3 Complexes with Al3+, Cd2+, Gd3+, and Pb2+ Ions in Water–Ethanol Solution

This study reports the stability constants of complexes with vitamin D₃ and Al³⁺, Cd²⁺, Gd³⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions in a water–ethanol medium (30/70% v/v at 25.0°C). The logarithms of the overall stability constants are: ₁ = 12.4 ± 0.5, 7.6 ± 0.3, 9.33 ± 0.07, and 9.1 ± 0.5, respectively, whereas the logarithms of ₂ are 24.4 ± 0.5 (Al³⁺), 14.3 ± 0.3 (Cd²⁺), and 15.4 ± 0.5 (Pb²⁺). Gd³⁺ forms only the 1:1 complex. These values are compared to those reported previously and correlations are established between the stability constants and physical properties, such as the ionization energy.     

Efficient and Simple Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Phenyl‐7‐methoxybenzopyrans as Pseudo‐Vitamin‐D3 Analogs

An efficient and simple synthesis of substituted 3‐phenyl‐7‐methoxybenzopyrans as pseudo‐vitamin‐D₃ analogs in good yields under mild reaction conditions is described.     

Vitamin D3在儿童桥本甲状腺炎的水平及对IL-4、IFN-γ的影响

通过体外实验,直接从T细胞水平,在1α,25(OH)2D3的干预下,分别以IFN-γ、IL-4作为Th1、Th2的代表,分析人周围血单个核细胞(PBMC)中IFN-γ和IL-4在HT中的细微变化以及血清25(OH)D3水平,探讨1α,25(OH)2D3对HT细胞因子的影响。以27例HT患儿为研究对象,17名健康儿童作对照,采集静脉血,部分用于分离其PBMC,并用PHA活化T细胞并培养,设1α,25(OH)2D3干预组和对照组,收集培养上清液。ELISA检测上清液IL-4、IFN-γ水平。同时另一部分静脉血分离出血清,并提取25(OH)D3,用放射免疫法(RIA)测定其水平。结果表明,HT组25(OH)D3水平显著低于健康对照,分别为(21.85±5.73)ng/mL和(27.56±7.46)ng/mL(P<0.01),且HT组PBMC产生IFN-γ水平显著高于健康对照,分别为(2 146.15±355.01)pg/mL和(1 462.00±101.52)pg/mL(P<0.01),而IL-4的表达显著低于健康对照,分别为(52.26±7.17)pg/mL和(59.32±4.21)pg/mL(P<0.01)。1α,25(OH)2D3干预后HT患儿IFN-γ表达显著下调,为(1 536.00±243.95)pg/mL(P<0.01),IL-4的变化不明显。提示HT患儿的25(OH)D3水平严重不足,1α,25(OH)2D3能通过抑制HT增强的IFN-γ分泌,纠正Th1、Th2细胞因子失衡,理论上1,α25(OH)2D3可改善儿童HT Th1、Th2细胞因子失衡。     

3D S-Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle

In this paper, 238 Rayleigh wave path data are selected and processed by the matched-filtering frequency-time analysis technique and the grid dispersion inversion method to obtain the 3D S-wave velocity structure of China mainland and its adjacent sea regions. The results show that the velocity structure relates to geotectonic division, Bouguer gravity anomaly is basically controlled by the relief of Moho discontinuity, the buried depth of LVL in upper mantle concerns the surface heat flow deeply. In this paper, authors indicate the main characteristics of the velocity structure in tectonic active and stable regions.     

Die Chromatographie von Vitamin A und D und Cholesterin an Polytetrafluor?thylen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

A Novel 2D→3D Network with the Coexistence of Polythreading and Inclined Polycatenation Constructed by the Tripodal Linker

A new cadmium(II) coordination polymer with unique structure was synthesized under diffusion process by employing triangular N-containing ligand tris(4-(pyridyl) phenyl) amine(Tppa). Complex 1 crystallizes in the space group Pbcn, with a = 28.906(3), b = 13.5294(14), c = 17.8727(18), V = 6989.7(12) 3, C66H48 Cd Cl2N8, Mr = 1136.42, Dc = 1.080 g/cm3, F(000) = 2328, μ = 0.428 mm-1 and Z = 4. Complex 1 features a 2D → 3D framework with the coexistence of inclined polycatenation and polythreading. In addition, the luminescent property of complex 1 was studied.     

Fully analytical integration over the 3D volume bounded by the β sphere in topological atoms

Atomic properties of a topological atom are obtained by 3D integration over the volume of its atomic basin. Algorithms that compute atomic properties typically integrate over two subspaces: the volume bounded by the so-called β sphere, which is centered at the nucleus and completely contained within the atomic basin, and the volume of the remaining part of the basin. Here we show how the usual quadrature over the β sphere volume can be replaced by a fully analytical 3D integration leading to the atomic charge (monopole moment) for s, p, and d functions. Spherical tensor multipole moments have also been implemented and tested up to hexadecupole for s functions only, and up to quadrupole for s and p functions. The new algorithm is illustrated by operating on capped glycine (HF/6-31G, 35 molecular orbitals (MOs), 322 Gaussian primitives, 19 nuclei), the protein crambin (HF/3-21G, 1260 MOs, 5922 primitives and 642 nuclei), and tin (Z = 50) in Sn(2)(CH(3))(2) (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ and LANL2DZ, 59 MOs, 1352 primitives).     

Photosensitization of trans-Vitamin D3 to cis-Vitamin D3 in Heterogeneous System

Two modes of heterogeneous photoisomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 are described. The occurrence of isomerization on the substrate bounded to the polymeric support gives us the possibility in succession synthesis of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3. The polymer-bound anthracene can sensitize isomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 efficiently and ease the separation process.     

Study and 3D modeling of the phase diagram of the Ag–Ge–Se system

In view of the contradictoriness of the literature data, phase equilibria in the Ag–Ge–Se system were restudied by differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. A number of polythermal sections and an isothermal section at room temperature of the phase diagram were constructed, and so was the projection of the liquidus surface. The primary crystallization fields of phases and the types and coordinates of in- and monovariant equilibria were determined. It was shown that, in the system, a single ternary compound, Ag₈GeSe₆, forms, which undergoes congruent melting at 1175 K and a polymorphic transformation at 321 K. The formation of the compounds Ag₂GeSe₃ and Ag₈GeSe₅, which was previously reported in the literature, was not confirmed. Based on the phase diagrams of boundary binary systems and the results of the differential thermal analysis of a number of samples of the ternary system, equations were obtained for calculation and 3D modeling of the liquidus and phase-separation surfaces.     

May 3D nickel foam electrode be the promising choice for supercapacitors?

The manganese oxide (MnO₂) nanowires and cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)₂) nanosheets are successfully electrodeposited on nickel foam (NF), respectively (referred to as MnO₂/NF and Co(OH)₂/NF electrode hereinafter). Both electrodes show higher specific capacitance (C _s) and more excellent rate performance than that of most reported corresponding materials. In addition, our previous study of Ni(OH)₂/NF electrodes also exhibited conspicuous results. Combined with the outstanding properties of NF, it is noticeable that the NF electrodes may be a promising choice for supercapacitors.     

3D打印聚酰亚胺研究进展

聚酰亚胺(PI)是一种综合性能优异的特种工程塑料,已经被广泛应用于航天航空、汽车制造、微电子等重要技术领域;因其难溶难熔特性,PI加工成形尤其是复杂结构件的制造严重受限。然而,3D打印技术(也称“增材制造”)是一种以数字模型文件为基础,通过逐层打印的方式来构造复杂物体的技术,具有控形控性的特点,为PI智能制造的发展和应用提供新的技术路径。因此,本文就近年来国内外针对PI的3D打印研究现状,综述PI材料3D打印制造的研究进展和发展趋势,重点介绍了熔融成型3D打印热塑性PI和热固性PI、光固化3D打印PI及直写挤出3D打印PI的研究进展。     

Experimental Study and 3D Modeling of the Phase Diagram of the Ag–Sn–Se System

In connection with the contradictoriness of literature data, phase equilibria in the Ag–Sn–Se system were restudied by differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. A number of polythermal sections and the isothermal section at room temperature of the phase diagram were constructed, and a projection of the liquidus surface was built. The primary crystallization fields of phases and the types and coordinates of in- and monovariant equilibria were determined. It was demonstrated that, in the system, two ternary compounds, Ag₈SnSe₆ and Ag_xSn_{2 – x}Se₂ (0.84 < x < 1.06), form. The former melts congruently at 1015 K and undergoes a polymorphic transformation at 355 K, and the latter melts with decomposition by a peritectic reaction at 860 K. The formation of the compound Ag₂SnSe₃, which was previously reported in the literature, was not confirmed. Based on the phase diagrams of boundary binary systems and the results of the differential thermal analysis of a limited number of samples of the ternary system, equations were obtained for calculation and 3D modeling of the liquidus and phase-separation surfaces.     

Synthesis of the diastereoisomeric Yingzhaosu D

Yingzhaosu D (1), coexisting with Yingzhaosu A (2) which is an antimalarial principlein a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Yingzhao (Artabotrys uncinatus L. Merr.), has shownto be a new polyhydroxy sesquiterpene. We have previously reported the synthesis of Ying-zhaosu A (2) and shown that the configuration at C-4 is S. It is therefore reasonable to as-sume that the corresponding carbon atom in Yingzhaosu D has the same absolute configura-tion. Herein we report an effective method to prepare Yingzhaosu D and its three stereo-     

2D‐ and 3D‐ Potential Energy Surfaces of β‐(1→3)‐Linked Disaccharides Calculated with the MM3 Force‐Field

The adiabatic conformational surfaces of sixteen 4′,6′,6‐trideoxy‐β‐d‐(1→3)‐linked disaccharides were obtained using the MM3 force‐field. Calculations were carried out on disaccharides with different configurations at C2, C4 and C2′, which are neighbors to the glycosidic linkage, as well as that of the linked carbon (C3). The surfaces were plotted as contour maps and as 2D graphs representing the energy vs. the ψ angle. The resulting maps were similar in each case, indicating that the substituents do not play a major role in the conformational features of these disaccharides. However, the number of minima, the preferred minimum conformation and the flexibility depended on the configurations of the mentioned carbons. Vicinal equatorial substituents tend to decrease the overall flexibility, especially those on C2, although cross over effects were found. The relative stabilities of the minimal energy conformations of the 16 compounds were compared with those of their equivalent α‐linked counterparts. Deviations of the predicted increased stabilities of equatorially substituted compounds over axially substituted ones follow a relationship with their configurations, and consequently can serve to formulate predictive trends.