Multicolor Ramsey Numbers For Complete Bipartite Versus Complete Graphs

Let be graphs. The multicolor Ramsey number is the minimum integer r such that in every edge‐coloring of by k colors, there is a monochromatic copy of in color i for some . In this paper, we investigate the multicolor Ramsey number , determining the asymptotic behavior up to a polylogarithmic factor for almost all ranges of t and m. Several different constructions are used for the lower bounds, including the random graph and explicit graphs built from finite fields. A technique of Alon and Rödl using the probabilistic method and spectral arguments is employed to supply tight lower bounds. A sample result is for any t and m, where c₁ and c₂ are absolute constants.     

Bounds on Ramsey Numbers of Certain Complete Bipartite Graphs

Bounds on the Ramsey number r(K_l,m,K_l,n), where we may assume l ≤ m ≤ n, are determined for 3 ≤ l ≤ 5 and m ≈ n. Particularly, for m = n the general upper bound on r(K_l,n, K_l,n) due to Chung and Graham is improved for those l. Moreover, the behavior of r(K_3,m, K_3,n) is studied for m fixed and n sufficiently large.     

树图对完全图的多色Ramsey数

首先证明了关于一般图的多色Ramsey数的一个下界,该下界是一类星图对完全图的多色Ramsey数的精确下界;其次证明了关于星图对完全图的多色Ramsey数的上界,该上界是一类星图对完全图的多色RamSey数的精确上界;最后证明关于树图对完全图的多色Ramsey数的上界.     

Some Bipartite Ramsey Numbers

Consider a complete bipartite graph K(s, s) with p = 2s points. Let each line of the graph have either red or blue colour. The smallest number p of points such that K(s, s) always contains red K(m, n) or blue K(m, n) is called bipartite Ramsey number denoted by rb(K(m, n), K(m, n)). In this paper, we show that

Some Bistar Bipartite Ramsey Numbers

For bipartite graphs G ₁, G ₂, . . . ,G _k , the bipartite Ramsey number b(G ₁, G ₂, . . . , G _k ) is the least positive integer b so that any colouring of the edges of K _b,b with k colours will result in a copy of G _i in the ith colour for some i. A tree of diameter three is called a bistar, and will be denoted by B(s, t), where s ≥ 2 and t ≥ 2 are the degrees of the two support vertices. In this paper we will obtain some exact values for b(B(s, t), B(s, t)) and b(B(s, s), B(s, s)). Furtermore, we will show that if k colours are used, with k ≥ 2 and s ≥ 2, then \({b_{k}(B(s, s)) \leq \lceil k(s - 1) + \sqrt{(s - 1)^{2}(k^{2} - k) - k(2s - 4)} \rceil}\) . Finally, we show that for s ≥ 3 and k ≥ 2, the Ramsey number \({r_{k}(B(s, s)) \leq \lceil 2k(s - 1)+ \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{(4k(s - 1) + 1)^{2} - 8k(2s^{2} - s - 2)} \rceil}\) .     

On Bipartite Graphs with Linear Ramsey Numbers

Dedicated to the memory of Paul Erdős We provide an elementary proof of the fact that the ramsey number of every bipartite graph H with maximum degree at most is less than . This improves an old upper bound on the ramsey number of the n-cube due to Beck, and brings us closer toward the bound conjectured by Burr and Erdős. Applying the probabilistic method we also show that for all and there exists a bipartite graph with n vertices and maximum degree at most whose ramsey number is greater than for some absolute constant c>1. Received December 1, 1999 RID="*" ID="*" Supported by NSF grant DMS-9704114 RID="**" ID="**" Supported by KBN grant 2 P03A 032 16     

Chaotic Numbers of Complete Bipartite Graphs and Tripartite Graphs

In this paper, we study the chaotic numbers of complete bipartite graphs and complete tripartite graphs. For the complete bipartite graphs, we find closed-form formulas of the chaotic numbers and characterize all chaotic mappings. For the complete tripartite graphs, we develop an algorithm running in O(n ⁴ ₃) time to find the chaotic numbers, with n ₃ the number of vertices in the largest partite set.Research supported by NSC 90-2115-M-036-003.The author thanks the authors of Ref. 6, since his work was motivated by their work. Also, the author thanks the referees for helpful comments which made the paper more readable.     

Size Ramsey Numbers of Stars Versus 3-chromatic Graphs

  Let be the star with n edges, be the triangle, and be the family of odd cycles. We establish the following bounds on the corresponding size Ramsey numbers.

On Some Ramsey Numbers for Quadrilaterals Versus Wheels

For given graphs G ₁ and G ₂, the Ramsey number R(G ₁, G ₂) is the least integer n such that every 2-coloring of the edges of K _n contains a subgraph isomorphic to G ₁ in the first color or a subgraph isomorphic to G ₂ in the second color. Surahmat et al. proved that the Ramsey number ${R(C_4, W_n) \leq n + \lceil (n-1)/3\rceil}$ . By using asymptotic methods one can obtain the following property: ${R(C_4, W_n) \leq n + \sqrt{n}+o(1)}$ . In this paper we show that in fact ${R(C_4, W_n) \leq n + \sqrt{n-2}+1}$ for n ≥ 11. Moreover, by modification of the Erd?s-Rényi graph we obtain an exact value ${R(C_4, W_{q^2+1}) = q^2 + q + 1}$ with q ≥ 4 being a prime power. In addition, we provide exact values for Ramsey numbers R(C ₄, W _n ) for 14 ≤ n ≤ 17.     

Multicolored Bipartite Ramsey Numbers of Large Cycles

For an integer r≥ 2 and bipartite graphs H_i,where 1 ≤i≤r,the bipartite Ramsey number br(H₁,H₂,…,H_r) is the minimum integer N such that any r-edge coloring of the complete bipartite graph K_N,N contains a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to H_i in color i for some 1≤i≤r.We show that if ■     

Decomposition of Complete Graphs into Isomorphic Complete Bipartite Graphs

A decomposition of a complete graph into disjoint copies of a complete bipartite graph is called a ‐design of order n. The existence problem of ‐designs has been completely solved for the graphs for , for , K_{2, 3} and K_{3, 3}. In this paper, I prove that for all , if there exists a ‐design of order N, then there exists a ‐design of order n for all (mod ) and . Giving necessary direct constructions, I provide an almost complete solution for the existence problem for complete bipartite graphs with fewer than 18 edges, leaving five orders in total unsolved.     

On Pattern Ramsey Numbers of Graphs

A color pattern is a graph whose edges are partitioned into color classes. A family F of color patterns is a Ramsey family if there is some integer N such that every edge-coloring of K_N has a copy of some pattern in F. The smallest such N is the (pattern) Ramsey number R(F) of F. The classical Canonical Ramsey Theorem of Erdös and Rado [4] yields an easy characterization of the Ramsey families of color patterns. In this paper we determine R(F) for all families consisting of equipartitioned stars, and we prove that when F consists of a monochromatic star of size s and a polychromatic triangle.Acknowledgments. We thank the referees for pointing out several references where related results appeared.Project sponsored by the National Security Agency under Grant Number MDA904-03-1-0037. The United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints notwithstanding any copyright notation herein.Final version received: January 9, 2004     

Signed Roman (Total) Domination Numbers of Complete Bipartite Graphs and Wheels

A signed(res. signed total) Roman dominating function, SRDF(res.STRDF) for short, of a graph G =(V, E) is a function f : V → {-1, 1, 2} satisfying the conditions that(i)∑v∈N[v]f(v) ≥ 1(res.∑v∈N(v)f(v) ≥ 1) for any v ∈ V, where N [v] is the closed neighborhood and N(v) is the neighborhood of v, and(ii) every vertex v for which f(v) =-1 is adjacent to a vertex u for which f(u) = 2. The weight of a SRDF(res. STRDF) is the sum of its function values over all vertices.The signed(res. signed total) Roman domination number of G is the minimum weight among all signed(res. signed total) Roman dominating functions of G. In this paper,we compute the exact values of the signed(res. signed total) Roman domination numbers of complete bipartite graphs and wheels.     

Interval Minors of Complete Bipartite Graphs

Interval minors of bipartite graphs were recently introduced by Jacob Fox in the study of Stanley–Wilf limits. We investigate the maximum number of edges in ‐interval minor‐free bipartite graphs. We determine exact values when and describe the extremal graphs. For , lower and upper bounds are given and the structure of ‐interval minor‐free graphs is studied.     

若干广义Ramsey数

本文讨论了关于树对完全图删去一些相交的三阶路的广义Ｒａｍｓｅｙ数Ｒ（Ｔ_ｍ，Ｋ_n－ｔＰ₃）和关路对完全图删去一些不相交的三阶完全图的广义Ｒａｍｓｅｙ数Ｒ（Ｐ_ｍ，Ｋ_n－ｔＫ₃），获得如下结果：1．如果m≥3,n≥3，那么Ｒ（Ｔ_ｍ，Ｋ_n－ｔＰ₃）=(m-1)(n-t-1)+1,0≤t≤[n/3].２．若m≥4,n,T≥1，则Ｒ（P_ｍ，Ｋ_n－ｔK₃）=(m-1)(n+2t-1)+1.从而，这两个结果部分地回答了１９８３年Ｒ．Ｊ．Ｇｏｕｌｄ和Ｍ．Ｓ．Ｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎ在［１］中提出的未解决问题．     

Some tree-star Ramsey Numbers

The Ramsey Number r(G₁, G₂) is the least integer N such that for every graph G with N vertices, either G has the graph G₁ as a subgraph or $\text{G}$, the complement of G, has the graph G₂ as a subgraph.In this paper we embed the paths P_m in a much larger class $\text{T}$ of trees and then show how some evaluations by T. D. Parsons of Ramsey numbers r(P_m, K_1,n), where K_1,n is the star of degree n, are also valid for r(T_m, K_1,n) where T_m ∈ $\text{T}$.     

Calculating Ramsey Numbers by Partitioning Colored Graphs

In this article we prove a new result about partitioning colored complete graphs and use it to determine certain Ramsey numbers exactly. The partitioning theorem we prove is that for , in every edge coloring of with the colors red and blue, it is possible to cover all the vertices with k disjoint red paths and a disjoint blue balanced complete ‐partite graph. When the coloring of is connected in red, we prove a stronger result—that it is possible to cover all the vertices with k red paths and a blue balanced complete ‐partite graph. Using these results we determine the Ramsey number of an n‐vertex path, , versus a balanced complete t‐partite graph on vertices, , whenever . We show that in this case , generalizing a result of Erd?s who proved the case of this result. We also determine the Ramsey number of a path versus the power of a path . We show that , solving a conjecture of Allen, Brightwell, and Skokan.