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分布式能量系统的综合评价 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
分布式能量系统由于具有良好的经济与环保性能,得到了世界各国的普遍重视。本文选取人们所关注的经济性、可靠性、环保性及CO2减排的几个因素作为指标,建立了分布式能量系统综合评价的指标体系和模糊识别模型。通过分布式能量系统与传统大电网集中供电方式的比较,结合实际案例,对几种常用的供能方式进行了综合评价。本文的研究成果为在电力市场竞争机制下分布式能量系统的发展与规制提供了决策支持,有利于实现分布式能量系统与大电网集中统一供电的相互补充,以满足不同用户的需求。 相似文献
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聚焦长距离无源光网络生存性机制研究,针对单共享风险链路组故障提出一种基于连接可用性的成本有效规划方法.首先,设计了一种基于故障概率的连接可用性模型,计算每个光网络单元的连接可用性.对于不满足连接可用性要求的每个工作光网络单元,为其分配备用光网络单元,其中每个备用光网络单元需要为工作光网络单元预留备用容量.然后,在不同光网络单元之间部署备用光纤,确保每对工作和备用光网络单元之间至少存在一条备用光路径.当一个工作光网络单元因为光纤链路故障而遭遇连接中断时,可将其业务通过备用光路径转移到备用光网络单元承载.通过仿真对所提方法在备用光纤部署成本方面的性能进行了分析.结果表明,该方法能实现比传统邻居保护方法更低的备用光纤部署成本,可解决备用容量分配和备用光纤部署的联合优化问题,在满足连接可用性要求的前提下,通过最小的备用光纤部署成本实现所有业务完全保护. 相似文献
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随着我国新能源大规模的开发和利用,新能源发电本身所具有的间歇性与不稳定性特点,使原有的电力系统网络面临着一系列现实问题与瓶颈难题,电网结构是决定电网配置资源能力的重要方面,本文从提高电网接纳能力的角度出发,提出通过建设广域覆盖的超导直流电网以有效解决可再生能源集中并网难题.建设全国性的直流骨干输电网,不仅可更有效地利用可再生能源,也将积极推动坚强智能电网的建设.与交流系统相比,直流电网在未来城市供电、新能源接入、孤岛供电等领域也有较大的优势.根据中国国情,对直流电网在中国建设的可行性进行了具体分析,并提出中国直流电网主干结构设想图,并指出了超导技术在直流电网建设中面临的巨大机遇,为中国超导直流电网建设提出了思考和建议. 相似文献
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为提高区域电网整体调频能力,满足电网稳定性要求,将高温超导环形储能磁体应用到电网进行AGC调频服务。本文首先建立了参与电网AGC调频服务的高温超导环形储能磁体模型,并提出了储能系统的成本模型、补偿效益模型及净收益模型,然后在调频储能电站净收益最大化控制策略的约束条件下,基于电网实际下发的典型日某时段AGC指令,对净收益模型进行时序仿真,求解净收益的最优值。最后针对不同容量、不同使用寿命的储能系统进行了经济性评估,为高温超导储能磁体系统的调频规划、高效经济运行提供有效参考。 相似文献
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本文对太阳能聚光分频利用电热联产的机理进行了探讨,给出了太阳能光谱有效能函数以及太阳能聚光分频利用电热联产的设计方案,并对该系统进行了热力性能分析,发电投资和成本比较.结果表明,对30倍聚光分频的光伏/光热系统,光伏发电效率约0.095,250~280℃热量利用效率0.14,折算为电的总发电效率为0.139;与普通光伏发电系统相比,单位面积硅光电池发电功率提高约16倍,投资成本仅0.33倍,每千瓦时的发电上网成本可从3.52元降到0.84元,考虑税收后的上网成本将从5.1元降到1.18元. 相似文献
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牵引变电所作为电力系统中实现变换电能的场所,给电力机车提供稳定可靠的电能。由于机车具有非线性运载特点,在吸收电网电流的同时也在输入谐波电流,引起电网干扰波动和噪声误差、电压畸变等现象,对供电系统安全构成威胁。本文通过建立变电所三相匹配与失配模型,利用自适应数据融合算法仿真检测控制误差的效果和优化误差的最佳方案,合理控制参数的状态和优化参数的规律。结果表明数据融合可以解决局部电网误差波动电流超标和电压畸变,在保障供电质量和电网安全方面效果显著。 相似文献
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将可控链式核裂变技术用于电力生产是原子能利用的重要形式,其中又以水冷热中子反应堆技术为主。水冷堆核电厂数字化仪控系统是核电厂的神经中枢,提高其可靠性,对核安全具有重要意义。为解决核电厂数字化仪控系统实现的备用自投、启动失效等动态行为的可靠性问题,本文研究了化容系统动态故障树分析方法,根据上充控制涉及的控制系统结构和上充泵冷热备用控制逻辑,建立了上充功能失效的动态故障树模型;采用最小割集法和Markov模型进行可靠性定量分析。可靠度分析结果表明,冗余和备用提高了系统的可靠性;重要度分析结果表明,针对系统优化设计,应优先考虑电气开关柜和接线箱,检测维修应优先考虑电气开关柜、过程控制柜。 相似文献
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Kyohei Shibano Reo Kontani Hiroshi Hirai Mikio Hasegawa Kazuyuki Aihara Hisao Taoka David McQuilkin Rikiya Abe 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2014,223(12):2611-2620
In recent years, practical research related to distributed power generation and networked distribution grids has been increasing. This research uses a relatively abstract model for the cost reduction in the Digital Grid Power Network. In the Digital Grid, the traditional wide-area synchronous grid is divided into smaller segmented grids which are connected asynchronously. In this paper, we demonstrate how to formulate the minimized cost of power generation by using linear programming methods, while considering the cost of electric transmission and distribution and using asynchronous power interchange among separate grids. 相似文献
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无功平衡对提高电网的经济效益和改善供电质量至关重要。目前用于电网无功补偿的传统电抗器难以实现无级调节,容量较小,或装置控制复杂,有较严重的谐波,难以在高电压等级的电网中大规模应用。为了解决高压电网的无功缺额问题,研究了一种三柱式的超导电抗器。文章介绍了该超导电抗器的工作原理,阐述了超导电抗器的设计方法。按照设计方法,对35kV电压等级的超导电抗器进行设计;在理论设计的基础上,采用有限元方法对理论设计进行优化,完成概念设计。仿真结果表明,该三柱式超导电抗器有较好的无功调节性能;该概念设计为高压大容量超导电抗器的研制提供了一定的参考依据。 相似文献
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冷热电联产系统的评价准则 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
本文通过对以燃气轮机回热循环为动力系统的冷热电联产系统进行热力学分析,对几种常用的评价准则进行了比较。通过分析,认为能量利用系数将冷、热、电等各股能量等价看待,(火用)效率过分看重能量的作功能力,折合发电效率过分关注冷、热能的输出,均不适于冷热电联产系统的评价;节能率反映的是输入能量的使用情况,经济(火用)效率在某种程度上是经济性的表现,比较适于冷热电联产系统的评价。研究中发现,燃气轮机温比有利于系统性能的提高,但针对不同的目标有不同的最佳压比;在节能率的使用中需要明确参照系统的性能。 相似文献
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Pedro H.J. Nardelli Nicolas Rubido Chengwei Wang Murilo S. Baptista Carlos Pomalaza-Raez Paulo Cardieri Matti Latva-aho 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2014,223(12):2423-2437
This article reviews different kinds of models for the electric power grid that can be used to understand the modern power system, the smart grid. From the physical network to abstract energy markets, we identify in the literature different aspects that co-determine the spatio-temporal multilayer dynamics of power system. We start our review by showing how the generation, transmission and distribution characteristics of the traditional power grids are already subject to complex behaviour appearing as a result of the the interplay between dynamics of the nodes and topology, namely synchronisation and cascade effects. When dealing with smart grids, the system complexity increases even more: on top of the physical network of power lines and controllable sources of electricity, the modernisation brings information networks, renewable intermittent generation, market liberalisation, prosumers, among other aspects. In this case, we forecast a dynamical co-evolution of the smart grid and other kind of networked systems that cannot be understood isolated. This review compiles recent results that model electric power grids as complex systems, going beyond pure technological aspects. From this perspective, we then indicate possible ways to incorporate the diverse co-evolving systems into the smart grid model using, for example, network theory and multi-agent simulation. 相似文献
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Qian Ye 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2014,223(12):2439-2449
In the past three decades, the electric energy industry made great contribution to support rapid social and economic development in China, and meanwhile has been grown at the highest rate in the human history owing to the economic reform. In its new national development plan, more investment has been put into installation of both electricity generating capacity and transmitting capacity in order to meet fast growing demand of electric energy. However, energy resources, both fossil fuel and renewable types, and energy consumption and load centers in China are not evenly distributed in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Moreover, dominated by coal as its primary energy source, the whole eastern China is now entering an environmental crisis in which pollutants emitted by coal power plants contribute a large part. To balance the regional differences in energy sources and energy consumption while meeting the steadily increasing demands for electric energy for the whole country, in addition to increase electric generating capacity, building large-scale, long-distance ultra high voltage power grids is the top priority for next five years. China is a country prone to almost all kinds of natural disasters due to its vast, complex geographical and climatic conditions. In recent years, frequent natural disasters, especially extreme weather and climate events, have threatened the safety, reliability and stability of electric energy system in China. Unfortunately, with fast growth rate but lacking of risk assessing and prevention mechanism, many infrastructure constructions, including national power grids, are facing integrated and complex economic, social, institutional and ecological risks. In this paper, based on a case analysis of the Great Ice Storm in southern China in January 2008, risks of building a resilient power grid to deal with increasing threats from extreme weathers are discussed. The paper recommends that a systematic approach based on the social-ecological system framework should be applied to assess the risk factors associated with the power grid, and the tools to deal with complex dynamic systems need to be applied to deal with constant changes in the whole social-ecological system. 相似文献