载流子色散型硅基CMOS光子器件

为了实现硅基单片光电子集成器件的实用化,介绍了采用P-I-N、双极型场效应晶体管、金属氧化物半导体和PN结结构的载流子色散型硅基CMOS光子器件的发展状况和特点,并汇报了硅基CMOS光子器件的设计和制作方面的工作.利用商业的CMOS工艺线制作的器件获得了较好的结果,光调制器消光比约18 dB,1×2光开关消光比约21 dB,谐振环的消光比8～12 dB.采用CMOS技术研制硅基光子器件,将能使集成光子学的发展上一个新的台阶.     

载流子色散型硅基CMOS光子器件

为了实现硅基单片光电子集成器件的实用化,介绍了采用P-I-N、双极型场效应晶体管、金属氧化物半导体和PN结结构的载流子色散型硅基CMOS光子器件的发展状况和特点,并汇报了硅基CMOS光子器件的设计和制作方面的工作.利用商业的CMOS工艺线制作的器件获得了较好的结果,光调制器消光比约18 dB,1×2光开关消光比约21 dB,谐振环的消光比8～12 dB.采用CMOS技术研制硅基光子器件,将能使集成光子学的发展上一个新的台阶.     

光子晶体器件进展

光子晶体对光具有独特的局域、反射、传导、分束、耦合、调制、慢光等操纵能力,使其成为微/纳光电集成的重要材料之一。介绍了光子晶体的几种重要物理特性——带隙特性、慢光特性、自准直和负折射特性,叙述了光子晶体集成器件方面所取得的最新进展,对光子晶体器件的发展动向做了展望。     

硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导及集成器件

总结并展望了硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导及集成器件方面的理论和实验研究工作。首先介绍了几种硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导结构,其尺寸可小至100 nm以下,而传播长度达100μm量级;其次介绍了基于硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导的功分器、偏振分束器和谐振器等集成器件,其尺寸为亚微米量级;最后探讨了硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导与硅纳米线光波导的耦合及对其进行增益补偿。     

光栅光阀光学特性分析及其在热敏CTP中的应用

光栅光阀(GLV)是一种衍射MOEMS空间光调制器,利用其对激光束的调制作用,可成功地应用于计算机直接制版(CTP)系统中。提出了简化的光栅光阀光学模型,并根据夫琅和费单缝衍射理论和多光束干涉理论对光栅光阀的光学特性进行了理论分析。介绍了光栅光阀在热敏CTP系统中的应用,分析了光栅光阀光学记录设备的结构和成像原理。得出了基于GLV技术的热敏CTP数字成像过程,为国内印刷企业使用这种热敏成像技术提供了理论依据。     

误差扩散法设计用于惯性约束聚变驱动器的色分离光栅-光束采样光栅集成元件

针对多次曝光法制作集成衍射光学元件时存在的加工制作复杂,会引入较大的对位误差等问题,基于计算全息中的误差扩散编码原理及部分相干光成像理论,提出采用误差扩散编码方法来设计用于制作浮雕结构集成元件的编码掩模的新方法。给出了利用误差扩散法设计的色分离光栅-光束采样光栅(CSG-BSG)集成元件编码掩模,模拟计算了经部分相干成像系统后的空间像光强分布,并与理想的集成元件面形进行了比较。结果表明,校正后均方差为7.5%,体积偏差为10.2%。     

二维硅基平板光子晶体器件

硅材料在红外通讯波段具有低损耗和高折射率的特性,使得其成为集成光学领域中应用最广的材料之一.主要介绍了本课题组在二维硅基平板光子晶体中实现微纳尺度上光调控的研究进展,讨论了利用光子晶体的缺陷态实现各种集成光学器件,包括光子晶体波导、微腔和利用光子晶体波导和微腔形成的滤波器.还介绍了光子晶体中特殊的光折射现象,包括红外波...     

微小光学的研究现状

叙述了微小光学的新进展，对微小光学基本原理给出了简单概括，并对发展动态进行了评论，在微小光学理方面，讨论了“阵列光学”理论，研究了光学阵列的物与共轭象间的关系；在微小光学器件方面，讨论了变折射率透镜，平面微透镜列阵，衍射光学元件和三维集成光学系统；在应用方面，讨论了和并行光通信，光计算有关的一些新应用。     

一种光电混合集成有源光双稳器件

本文报道一种光电混合集成的有源双稳态器件,它仅由一只半导体激光器,两只PIN光电探测器及几只电子元器件构成.实验上得到了光学迟滞回线,显示了光开关、光存储、光脉冲整形等功能.文中简述了器件工作原理,光电混合集成制作工艺技术及性能指标.     

集成光学器件

集成光学器件对用数据和视频传输系统的宽频带、大容量系统提出的越来越高的要求，推动了光电子和集成光学元件的性能向新的水准发展，ＮＴＴ光电子学实验室的研究工作，使集成光电子学器件和硅大规模集成电路更接近实用性化成为可能。由于结晶质量随器件性能的降低而显著...     

Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.     

Temperature Sensitivity Control and Mechanical Stress Effect of Boron-Doped Long-Period Fiber Gratings

We will present in this work the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the doping concentrations of GeO 2 and B 2 O 3 in the core and cladding regions and the temperature sensitivity of the resonance wavelength shift in long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Based on this analysis, the temperature sensitivity was suppressed and enhanced to 0.002 nm/°C and 0.28 nm/°C, respectively. We will also discuss the effect of the residual mechanical stress on the optical and mechanical properties of LPFGs. In particular, we will present the measurement results of the dependence of the refractive index change and mechanical strength on the residual mechanical stress in the boron-doped fibers with depressed clad and matched clad.     

2D-Mueller-matrix tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks of biological tissues histological sections

A new technique of Mueller-matrix mapping of the birefringent structure of biological preparations of human organs tissues is suggested. The algorithms of reconstruction of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of the phase (birefringence) and amplitude (dichroism) of optically anisotropic structure of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall histological section are proposed. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order that characterize the distribution of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of birefringence and dichroism of the myocardium and connective tissue of the vaginal tissues histological sections were determined. Joint studies of distributions of the characteristics of phase and amplitude of the anisotropy of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall tissues of different states were performed. The cases of various necrotic changes in the myocardium and pathological conditions of the vagina wall (prolapse of the genitals) are examined. Balanced accuracy of the method of Mueller-matrix polarization-phase and diffuse tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks in the differentiation of necrotic and pathological changes in human organs is determined.     

不同比例有机无机肥配施土壤腐殖质组分的光谱学特征

以16年长期定位试验为基础,探讨不同比例有机无机肥配施对土壤腐殖质特征的影响。通过分离纯化腐殖质中的胡敏酸（HA）和富里酸（FA）组分,并利用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振研究分析了F1（70%化肥+30%有机肥）、F2（50%有机肥+50%化肥）和F3（100%有机肥）三种施肥方式下的HA和FA含量及结构变化。结果表明,F3对于提升HA和FA含量的效果优于F1和F2处理,说明有机肥的施用量越高,土壤腐殖质组分的含量就越高。元素分析表明,不同配比的有机无机肥对HA和FA各元素含量及原子比影响不同。F2和F3都提高了HA的缩合度,降低了氧化度和极性,其中F3的效果更加明显;有机肥的施用还能促进HA中含氮化合物的形成,并且在F2中的效果最好;有机肥的施用同样提高了FA的缩合度而降低了氧化度和极性并促进了含氮化合物的形成,尤其在F2处理中尤为明显。腐殖质红外光谱分析表明,与F1相比,F2和F3提高了HA中脂肪族化合物、碳水化合物物质的含量,FA的羧基基团、脂肪基团含量也增加,且在F3处理中表现最为显著;F2处理则降低了HA中脂肪烃物质的含量,FA中的碳水化合物则达到最高。13C核磁共振波谱分析显示,在三种处理中,有机肥的施用提高了HA和FA的脂化度而降低其芳化度,其中F2处理中HA官能团变化更加显著,FA在F3处理中则变化更加明显。综上所述,有机肥显著提高了土壤腐殖质组分含量,并且提高了HA和FA的脂化度降低其芳化度,但是不同用量有机肥下HA和FA的形成机制不同。     

Sono-electrolysis performance based on indirect continuous sonication and membraneless alkaline electrolysis: Experiment,modelling and analysis

In the present study, experiments of membraneless alkaline sono-electrolysis are combined to a mathematical model describing the performance of a sono-electrolyzer based on the electrochemical resistances and overpotentials (activation, Ohmic and concentration) and the oscillation of the acoustic cavitation bubble, and its related sono-physical and sonochemical effects, as a single unit and within population. The study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of acoustic cavitation when coupled to alkaline electrolysis, using a membraneless H-cell configuration and indirect continuous sonication (40 kHz, 60 W_e). The calorimetric characterization constituted the bridge between experimental results and the numerical and simulation approach, while the quantification of the rate of produced hydrogen both experimentally and numerically highlighted the absence of the contribution of sonochemistry, and explained the role of ultrasounds by the action of shockwaves and microjets. Finally, the energetic sono-physical approach allowed an estimation of the predominance of the shockwaves and microjets effects according to the bubble size distribution within the population corresponding to the acoustic conditions of the study. The resulting macroscopic effect in sono-electrolysis process has been assessed considering the induced degassing. A reduction in the fraction of electrodes’ coverage by bubbles from 76% to 42% has been recorded, corresponding to a decrease of 7.2% in Ohmic resistance and 62.35% in bubble resistance.     

Spectroscopic and nano-molecular modeling investigation on the binary and ternary bindings of colchicine and lomefloxacin to Human serum albumin with the viewpoint of multi-drug therapy

Combination of several drugs is often necessary especially during long-term therapy. The competitive binding drugs can cause a decrease in the amount of drug bound to protein and increase the biological active fraction of the drug. The aim of this study is to analyze the interactions of Lomefloxacin (LMF) and Colchicine (COL) with human serum albumin (HSA) and to evaluate the mechanism of simultaneous binding of LMF and COL to protein. Fluorescence analysis was used to estimate the effect of drugs on the protein fluorescence and to define the binding and quenching properties of drugs-HSA complexes. The binding sites for LMF and COL were identified in tertiary structure of HSA with the use of spectrofluorescence analysis. The analysis of fluorescence quenching of HSA in the binary and ternary systems show that LMF does not affect the complex formed between COL and HSA. On the contrary, COL decreases the interaction between LMF and HSA. The results of synchronous fluorescence, resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectra of binary and ternary systems show that binding of LMF and COL to HSA can induce micro-environmental and conformational changes in HSA. The simultaneous presence of LMF and COL in binding to HSA should be taken into account in the multi-drug therapy, and necessity of using a monitoring therapy owning to the possible increase of the uncontrolled toxic effects. Molecular modeling of the possible binding sites of LMF and COL in binary and ternary systems to HSA confirms the spectroscopic results.     

景德镇仿龙泉青瓷与龙泉青瓷组成特征研究

龙泉青瓷不仅受到了国内外陶瓷爱好者的热捧,还被不同地区广大窑工争相效仿,其中以景德镇明清时期仿制最具代表性。利用能量色散X荧光光谱分析仪对38 件宋、元、明时期的龙泉青瓷以及明代景德镇仿龙泉青瓷进行了测试,并结合烧成温度分析结果,从时空角度对比分析了两地青瓷胎釉组成特征、演变规律和形成原因,有助于了解我国南方青釉瓷的演变发展、相互交流和影响,为不同产地青瓷的断源断代提供了一定的科学依据。     

Music,empathy and cultural understanding

In the age of the Internet and with the dramatic proliferation of mobile listening technologies, music has unprecedented global distribution and embeddedness in people's lives. It is a source of intense experiences of both the most intimate and solitary, and public and collective, kinds – from an individual with their smartphone and headphones, to large-scale live events and global simulcasts; and it increasingly brings together a huge range of cultures and histories, through developments in world music, sampling, the re-issue of historical recordings, and the explosion of informal and home music-making that circulates via YouTube. For many people, involvement with music can be among the most powerful and potentially transforming experiences in their lives. At the same time, there has been increasing interest in music's communicative and affective capacities, and its potential to act as an agent of social bonding and affiliation. This review critically discusses a considerable body of research and scholarship, across disciplines ranging from the neuroscience and psychology of music to cultural musicology and the sociology and anthropology of music, that provides evidence for music's capacity to promote empathy and social/cultural understanding through powerful affective, cognitive and social factors; and explores ways in which to connect and make sense of this disparate evidence (and counter-evidence). It reports the outcome of an empirical study that tests one aspect of those claims, demonstrating that ‘passive’ listening to the music of an unfamiliar culture can significantly change the cultural attitudes of listeners with high dispositional empathy; presents a model that brings together the primary components of the music and empathy research into a single framework; and considers both some of the applications, and some of the shortcomings and problems, of understanding music from the perspective of empathy.     

基于高光谱技术的酸奶中常见致病菌的快速鉴别及计数

酸奶是一种发酵型乳制品饮料,因其特殊的功能性和良好的口感而广受欢迎。但由于商业链的不正当运行,如奶源非法获取、灭菌不充分等原因,导致酸奶中致病菌大量滋生,酸奶中毒事件频繁发生。酸奶中常见的致病菌主要有大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌,这三种致病菌由人体摄入并达到一定的数量时会产生腹痛、腹泻等严重的消化道疾病,并且会破坏人体肠道内的正常菌群平衡,因此国标对奶制品中这三种致病菌的数量已有明确的限量规定。由于酸奶的主要消费对象为老人和小孩,故其潜在危害不容小觑。传统菌落检测方法虽具有简单,灵敏、可操作性强等优点,但当不同菌落混杂在一起时无法同时进行定性定量的检测,且具有试剂成本高,检测周期长,人为因素影响较大等缺点。因此开发一种快速、简单、准确的混合鉴定计数方法为避免致病菌对酸奶的潜在危害提供了有效的途径。高光谱技术同时包含样本的光谱信息与图像信息,既能够根据化学组分的微小变化进行精确识别（光谱信息）,又能够反映出菌株在外部多层次的变化（图像信息）。因此该研究尝试对比高光谱图像技术和光谱技术,采用模式识别的方法,对比不同的模型识别结果,优选出最佳识别率的识别模型作为计数模型,最后通过最佳鉴别计数模型的识别分类结果来达到对酸奶中常见致病菌鉴定计数的目的。首先,购买酸奶中常见的乳酸菌种（保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌）和潜在污染的致病菌种（金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌）等标准菌株进行培养,提取经过48 h培养后的菌落图像信息和光谱信息。采用几种不同的预处理方式（SNV,MC,MSC,1stDER,2ndDER）对所提取的光谱数据进行预处理,并应用遗传算法筛除光谱数据中冗余的波段,保留有效波段。利用图像处理技术对图像信息中的菌株与培养基背景进行去除,然后采用主成分分析法从每幅图中优选出3个特征波长,并运用图像处理技术从特征波长所对应图像中提取菌株的18个基于GLCM的纹理特征信息。挑选合适的主成分分别建立不同的鉴别模型（LDA,KNN,BP-ANN,LS-SVM）,通过其最终的鉴别模型的识别率来确定最佳鉴别计数模型。最后从标准菌株中分别挑选出30株进行计数测试,通过比较模式识别的分类数量结果与菌株的实际数量来验证模式识别效果的准确率。研究表明,运用SNV预处理后光谱数据在提高信噪比效果上明显优于其他几种预处理方式。745.790 8,773.098 4和779.207 0 nm为图像信息中方差贡献率最大的三个波长,运用从特征波长所对应的图像中所提取的纹理特征信息建立图像识别模型。通过对比图像信息和光谱信息的模式识别结果发现,光谱特征鉴别模型普遍优于图像纹理特征鉴别模型,且当主成分数为9时,运用光谱特征所建立的LS-SVM模型的校正集识别率为96.25%,预测集的识别率为91.88%,为最优模型。采用优选的最优模型对菌株进行识别计数,大肠杆菌计数的相对误差为3.33%,金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌计数的相对误差均为0,验证了高光谱技术应用于酸奶中常见致病菌的鉴别计数的可行性。     

Influences of Quantum and Disorder Effects on Solitons Excited in Protein Molecules in Improved Model

Utilizing the improved model with quasi-coherent two-quantum state and new Hamiltonian containing an additional interaction term [Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 6989 and Euro. Phys. J. B19 (2001) 297] we study numerically the influences of the quantum and disorder effects including distortion of the sequences of masses of amino acid molecules and fluctuations of force constant of molecular chains, and of exciton-phonon coupled constants and of the dipole-dipole interaction constant and of the ground state energy on the properties of the solitons transported the bio-energy in the protein molecules by Runge-Kutta method. The results obtained show that the new soliton is robust against these structure disorders, especially for stronger disorders in the sequence of masses spring constants and coupling constants, except for quite larger fluctuations of the ground state energy and dipole-dipole interaction constant. This means that the new soliton in the improved model is very stable in normal cases and is possibly a carrier of bio-energy transport in the protein molecules.