复合弹模光弹模型中粘结约束应力的消除方法

本文对变弹性模量三维光弹地质体模型中的粘结约束应力进行了分析和讨论。同时,提出了两种消除变弹模光弹模型中粘结约束应力的方法。本文对变弹性模量三维光弹性实验的应用和发展具有一定的参考价值。     

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ОЛТИУЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ЛРОЗРАУНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ТИЛОМ ЗЛОКСИДНОЙ СМАЛЫ ЛРОЗРАУНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ТИЛОМ ЗЛОКСИДНОЙ СМАЛЫ

本文扼要总结了1961年以来我们进行环氧型光弹性塑料性能实验的研究成果。全文分基本性能,初应力成因分析,立体模型的浇铸研究,以及变弹性模数材料的制造及其粘结方法四部分。在偏光弹性实验中,模型材料的性能研究是极为重要的课题之一。为了寻找一种理想的偏光弹性模型材料,国内外科研工作者进行了广泛的探索和研究^[1-7]。自从环氧树脂制成后,世界各国都先后采用了这种材料。实践证明,环氧型光弹性塑料是一种良好的偏光弹性模型材料。随着科学技术的发展,对偏光弹性模型实验技术的要求日益提高。工程结构的应力分布住往比较复杂,要求在模拟实验中进行三维应力状态的研究;同时,结构物常由弹性模数不同的各种材料制作而成,必需考虑弹性模数对应力分布的影响。因此,三向光弹性塑料的制造,复杂模型的整体侥铸,以及变弹性模数塑料的制造及其粘结方法,都是实验研究中迫切需要解决的课题。为了获得较为理想的模型和进行冻结实验,必须研究塑料的光学、力学和热学性能的测定方法,塑料的浇铸成型工艺,以及消除初应力的途径。     

基于能量守恒理论的带肋钢筋-混凝土粘结滑移本构关系研究

针对钢筋-混凝土粘结滑移的劈裂破坏模式,将整个破坏过程分为未开裂的弹性阶段和带裂缝阶段。弹性阶段采用弹性厚壁圆筒模型,带裂缝阶段采用考虑混凝土软化特性的厚壁圆筒模型。基于这两种模型,研究了粘结滑移劈裂破坏过程的能量变化规律,推导出了两种模型的能量计算公式。利用能量守恒定律建立了钢筋-混凝土粘结滑移本构关系的微分方程,并通过数值积分方法得到了粘结滑移本构模型。该本构模型能够体现混凝土与钢筋材料参数和几何参数的影响,对不同形状的粘结滑移关系曲线具有较好的适应性。最后,将得到的本构关系与文献的试验结果进行对比,并分析了各参数的变化规律。     

埋藏圆截面杆的频谱特性分析

分析了无限长圆面柱体与周转背景介质完好粘结系统纵向运动时,杆中的弹性波传播问题。导出了广义Ｐｏｃｈｈａｍｍｅｒ频率方程,研究了不同材料组合对其频谱特性的影响,并给出了相应的步谱曲线。     

光弹性材料动态性能测定方法研究

本文介绍了一种光弹性材料动态性能的测定方法,用动态光弹性法和电测法相结合,测定了光弹性材料聚碳酸酯和环氧树脂的动态性质。本文还设计了一个实验,用来检验所得到的材料动态参数的可靠程度。     

三维有限变形线性光弹性材料研究

制成了１５％应变量的三维有限变形线性光弹性材料，可供对橡胶类零件的应力分析之用；在该材料中，以尼龙６作内含体，可以制作初应力很小的三维有限变形复合光弹性模型。     

复合材料光弹性分析用模型材料

本文简要介绍适用于正交各向异性光弹性分析的一种双折射模型材料的制作,给出了实测的材料特性数据,包括材料的弹性模量、不同方向的材料条纹值以及它们的换算关系。同时,利用制得的模型拍摄了一组圆盘不同方向对径受压的条纹图。这种模型材料是一种透明的光弹性层合板。由于采用了纤维增强的层合结构,便于模拟复合材料结构的铺层方式,可广泛应用于复合材料结构的光弹性分析。已经制出的模型材料,与国外类似材料相比,具有较高的灵敏度,制作工艺也较为简单。     

全国光弹性材料学术会议

全国光弹性材料学术讨论会于1980年9月在青岛召开.会议围绕三个中心问题进行了交流:(1)光弹性材料能测试的方法;(2)光弹性材料的质量问题;(3)型型制造技术及工艺等.此外还交流了贴片材料的制造工艺以及三向激光全息材料、热光弹材料、光塑     

全国光弹性材料学术会议

全国光弹性材料学术讨论会于1980年9月在青岛召开.会议围绕三个中心问题进行了交流:(1)光弹性材料能测试的方法;(2)光弹性材料的质量问题;(3)型型制造技术及工艺等.此外还交流了贴片材料的制造工艺以及三向激光全息材料、热光弹材料、光塑...     

材料力学实验教学中的光弹性实验改革

 介绍了对材料力学实验教学中的光弹性实验进行改造并同弯曲正应力实验合并，从而形成新的光弹性实验的改革情况.     

取换套修井管柱防卡力学分析与计算

通过取换套修井中套铣管柱的力学分析，建立了考虑压差和粘吸作用下套铣管柱的防卡力学模型．依此计算了管柱在不同井深下防卡的最长静止时间，并分析了影响管柱阻卡的主要因素．     

A study ofJ-integral of the orthotropic composite material

The relation between J-integral near model I crack tip in the orthotropic plate and displacement derivative is derived in this paper. Meanwhile, the relation between stress intensity factor K _I and displacement is also given in this paper. With sticking film moire interferometry method, the three-point bending beam is tested, thus the values of J-integral and K _I can be obtained from the displacement field, and then the truth of relation formula between J-integral and K _I in the orthotropic composite materials is experimentally verified.     

Multiple Non-Smooth Events in Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Vibro-Impact Systems

The behaviour of a multi-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system is studied using a 2 degree-of-freedom impact oscillator as a motivating example. A multi-modal model is used to simulate the behaviour of the system, and examine the complex dynamics which occurs when both degrees of freedom are subjected to a motion limiting constraint. In particular, the chattering and sticking behaviour which occurs for low forcing frequencies is discussed. In this region, a variety of non-smooth events can occur, including newly studied phenomena such as sliding bifurcations. In this paper, the multiple non-smooth events which can occur in the 2 degree-of-freedom system are categorised, and demonstrated using numerical simulations.     

Nonlinear Dynamics of an Electrically Driven Impact Microactuator

We study the dynamics of an electrostatically driven impact microactuator. Impact between moving elements of the microactuator is modeled using the coefficient of restitution. Friction between the microactuator and its supporting substrate is modeled using the Amonton–Coulomb law. We consider the bifurcations under changes in the driving voltage and frequency. Grazing bifurcations introduce discontinuous transitions between different motions. It is also found that impacts dramatically change the characteristics of the frequency-response curve. Finally, we discuss the evolution of incomplete chatter to complete chatter, that is, sticking.Contributed by Prof. G. Rega.     

Nonlinear motions of a flexible rotor with a drill bit: stick-slip and delay effects

In this article, a discrete model of a drill-string system is developed taking into account stick-slip and time-delay aspects, and this model is used to study the nonlinear motions of this system. The model has eight degrees-of-freedom and allows for axial, torsional, and lateral dynamics of both the drill pipes and the bottom-hole assembly. Nonlinearities that arise due to dry friction, loss of contact, and collisions are considered in the development. State variable dependent time delays associated with axial and lateral cutting actions of the drill bit are introduced in the model. Based on this original model, numerical studies are carried out for different drilling operations. The results show that the motions can be self-exited through stick-slip friction and time-delay effects. Parametric studies are carried out for different ranges of friction and simulations reveal that when the drill pipe undergoes relative sticking motion phases, the drill-bit motion is suppressed by absolute sticking. Furthermore, the sticking phases observed in this work are longer than those reported in previous studies and the whirling state of the drill pipe periodically alternates between the sticking and slipping phases. When the drive speed is used as a control parameter, it is observed that the system exhibits aperiodic dynamics. The system response stability is seen to be largely dependent upon the driving speed. The discretized model presented here along with the related studies on nonlinear motions of the system can serve as a basis for choosing operational parameters in practical drilling operations.     

Wave-induced dynamics of a particle on a thin circular plate

In this paper, the dynamics of a particle placed on a thin circular plate carrying circumferential harmonic travelling wave is studied. Coulomb friction is used to model the particle–surface interaction. Distinct regions on the plate surface are identified where either of the three phases of particle motion, namely jumping, sliding and sticking, occurs. Also, the effect of wave frequency and the plate geometry on these regions is studied. Interestingly, there exists an optimum plate thickness for which the region of sliding is maximum. At certain wave frequencies, from the numerical simulations within sticking and sliding regions, it is observed that the average particle motion spirals inwards towards the plate centre. Such an average motion is observed whenever the particle is placed initially with a zero velocity relative to the plate surface. The Gedanken experiments discussed herein provide cogent explanations to all the observed average (slow) dynamics and are also found to be useful in predicting the slow dynamics of the particle a priori, that is, before the actual numerical simulations. The particle’s velocity couples the radial and tangential sliding friction components and is found to be the key physical feature that explains the observed behaviour. Also, it is observed that the plate surface excited by circumferential travelling waves can provide acoustic lubrication to a particle by reducing the limiting force required to move it relative to the surface. The methods discussed in this paper can be extended to study the dynamics of a group of particles (granular materials) and extended rigid bodies, interacting with such surface waves.

     

Propagation of nonlinear waves along a viscoelastic bar

Various types of nonlinear waves propagating along a viscoelastic bar are considered. The rheological equation of state has strong physical and geometric nonlinearities, and nonisothermal effects are included. Both weak (isentropic) and shock waves of loading and unloading are investigated. It is shown that, for certain rubber-like materials, stable shock waves of extension can exist along with the shock waves of compression at very large strains. We then consider the strike of a viscoelastic bar of finite length against a rigid obstacle. Numerical solutions to this problem illustrate the influence of stress relaxation on nonlinear wave processes. A model for sticking and bouncing off is formulated and the mass-averaged velocity of the bar at the moment when it bounces off the obstacle is calculated.     

A Property of Equations of Rigid/Plastic Material Obeying a Voce–Type Hardening Law

Using a simple example, the rotation of a rigid cone in rigid/plastic hardening material, the paper shows a qualitative difference between the solutions for two groups of hardening laws. The first group includes hardening laws with no saturation stress. In this case the solution under sticking conditions exists at any rotation angle of the cone up to infinity. The second group includes hardening laws with a saturation stress. For such laws the solution exists up to a finite value of the rotation angle. Once this angle has been reached, the solution breaks down. At the beginning of the process the behavior of the solution for both groups of hardening materials is similar. However, at the final stage the behavior of rigid/plastic hardening materials of the second group is similar to the behavior of rigid perfectly plastic materials. A specific hardening law with a saturation stress is applied to illustrate the general solution and the restrictions imposed by this law, and a priori specified interfacial law (sticking) on existence of the solution. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Particle deposition model for particulate flows at high temperatures in gas turbine components

This study proposes an improved physical model to predict sand deposition at high temperature in gas turbine components. This model differs from its predecessor (Sreedharan and Tafti, 2011) by improving the sticking probability by accounting for the energy losses during particle-wall collision based on our previous work (Singh and Tafti, 2013). This model predicts the probability of sticking based on the critical viscosity approach and collision losses during a particle–wall collision. The current model is novel in the sense that it predicts the sticking probability based on the impact velocity along with the particle temperature. To test the model, deposition from a sand particle laden jet impacting on a flat coupon geometry is computed and the results obtained from the numerical model are compared with experiments (Delimont et al., 2014) conducted at Virginia Tech, on a similar geometry and flow conditions, for jet temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are used to model the flow field and heat transfer, and sand particles are modeled using a discrete Lagrangian framework. Results quantify the impingement and deposition for 20–40 μm sand particles. The stagnation region of the target coupon is found to experience most of the impingement and deposition. For 950 °C jet temperature, around 5% of the particle impacting the coupon deposit while the deposition for 1000 °C and 1050 °C is 17% and 28%, respectively. In general, the sticking efficiencies calculated from the model show good agreement with the experiments for the temperature range considered.