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The standard (p = 0.1 MPa) massic energies of combustion in oxygen of 1-ethylpiperidine and 2-ethylpiperidine, both in the liquid phase, were measured at T = 298.15 K by static bomb calorimetry. These values were used to derive the standard molar enthalpies of combustion and the standard molar enthalpies of formation, in the condensed phase, for these compounds. Further, the standard molar enthalpies of vaporization, at T = 298.15 K, of these two ethylpiperidine isomers were determined by Calvet microcalorimetry. The combustion calorimetry results together with those from the Calvet microcalorimetry, were used to derive the standard molar enthalpies of formation, at T = 298.15 K, in the gaseous phase.  相似文献   

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The standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of combustion, ΔcHm°, for crystalline 2-furanacrylic acid, 3-furanacrylic acid, and 3-(2-furyl)-2-propenal and for the liquid 2-furanacrylonitrile were determined, at the temperature 298.15 K, using a static bomb combustion calorimeter. For these compounds, the standard molar enthalpies of phase transition, Δcr,lgHm°, at T = 298.15 K, were determined by Calvet microcalorimetry. For the two crystalline furanacrylic acids the vapour pressures as function of temperature were measured by the Knudsen effusion technique and the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, ΔcrgHm°, at T = 298.15 K were derived by the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The results are as follows:
Empty Cell-ΔcHm(l)/(kJ·mol-1)ΔlgHm/(kJ·mol-1)
1-Ethylpiperidine4776.8 ± 1.639.44 ± 0.65
2-Ethylpiperidine4740.3 ± 1.548.22 ± 0.89
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The standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation, in the gaseous state, at T = 298.15 K, for 2,5-dimethyl-3-furancarboxylic acid, 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran, and 4,5-dimethyl-2-furaldehyde were derived from the values of the standard molar enthalpies of formation, in the condensed phase, and the standard molar enthalpies of phase transition from the condensed to the gaseous state. The values of the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the compounds in the condensed phases were calculated from the measurements of the standard massic energies of combustion obtained by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The enthalpies of vaporization/sublimation were measured by Calvet high temperature microcalorimetry. For 2,5-dimethyl-3-furancarboxylic acid the standard enthalpy of sublimation was also calculated, by the application of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, to the temperature dependence of the vapor pressures measured by the Knudsen effusion technique.
Empty Cell-ΔcHm°(cr,l)/(kJ·mol-1)Δcr,lgHm°/(kJ·mol-1)
CalvetKnudsen
2-Furanacrylic acid (cr)3149.8 ± 0.5103.0 ± 0.7103.3 ± 0.5
3-Furanacrylic acid (cr)3151.5 ± 0.7104.9 ± 1.1106.8 ± 0.5
3-(2-Furyl)-2-propenal (cr)3425.7 ± 1.282.3 ± 0.4
2-Furanacrylonitrile (l)3562.5 ± 1.365.2 ± 0.6
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The standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation of 2-, 3-, and 4-chloronitrobenzene isomers, in the crystalline state, at T = 298.15 K, were derived from the standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) massic energies of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by rotating bomb combustion calorimetry. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation of the isomers, at T = 298.15 K, were obtained by high temperature Calvet microcalorimetry.
Compound-ΔfHm°(cr,l)/(kJ·mol-1)Δcr,lgHm°(T=298.15K)/kJ·mol-1
CalvetKnudsen
2,5-Dimethyl-3-furancarboxylic acid (cr)600.4 ± 1.599.0 ± 1.7100.9 ± 0.5
3-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran (l)352.1 ± 1.857.5 ± 1.5
4,5-Dimethyl-2-furaldehyde (l)294.5 ± 1.757.7 ± 0.6
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The present work is part of a research program on the energetics of the linear 4-n-alkoxybenzoic acids, aiming the study of the enthalpic effect of the introduction of an alkoxy chain in the position 4- of the benzoic acid ring. In this work, we present the results of the thermochemical research on 4-n-alkoxybenzoic acids with the alkoxy chain length n = 2, 4, and 8.The standard (p°=0.1MPa) molar enthalpy of formation of crystalline 4-ethoxybenzoic acid, 4-butoxybenzoic acid, and 4-(octyloxy)benzoic acid was measured, at T = 298.15 K, by static-bomb calorimetry. These values, combined with the values of standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, were used to derive the standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous phase.
Empty Cell-ΔcUm°(cr)/(kJ · mol?1)-ΔcHm°(cr)/(kJ · mol?1)-ΔcrgHm°/(kJ · mol?1)
2-Chloronitrobenzene2939.5 ± 0.718.7 ± 1.080.9 ± 1.5
3-Chloronitrobenzene2915.8 ± 0.842.4 ± 1.282.5 ± 1.5
4-Chloronitrobenzene2921.7 ± 1.436.5 ± 1.676.2 ± 2.1
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4-Alkoxybenzoic acid-ΔcUm°(cr)/(kJ·mol-1)-ΔfHm°(cr)/(kJ·mol-1)-ΔfHm°(g)/(kJ·mol-1)
4-Ethoxybenzoic acid4362.7 ± 1.3605.5 ± 1.8482.2 ± 2.0
4-Butoxybenzoic acid5677.3 ± 2.0647.1 ± 2.5518.1 ± 2.6
4-(Octyloxy)benzoic acid8269.0 ± 3.3767.9 ± 3.9604.9 ± 4.1
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