磁约束聚变堆及ITER实验包层模块设计研究进展

目前国际上代表性的磁约束聚变反应堆设计包括美国的ARIES系列和APEX系列、欧洲的PPCS系列、日本的SSTR系列、中国的FDS系列设计,以及国际合作的国际热核聚变实验堆等。这些设计研究涉及到聚变能科学技术发展的各个方面,包括聚变实验堆、商用示范堆和商用动力电站等的设计研究、相关物理和技术发展以及相关的能源技术与经济策略研究等。简要介绍了上述设计研究领域的现状和发展趋势。The uhimate goal of the fusion program is to develop large scale power plants for the production of electricity. At present, there are many representative designs of magnetic confinement fusion reactors in the world,e.g. ARIES and APEX in USA, PPCS in EU, SSTR in Japan, FDS in China, and International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）. These studies cover many aspects on fusion experimental reactors, DEMO reactors, and commercial fusion power plants, including plasma physics, blanket technologies, material behavior, and technologies required to construct and operate such complex plants. The study status and development strategy in various countries are summarized and reviewed.     

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给出了中国ITER氦冷固体增殖剂(HCSB)实验包层模块(TBM)整体结构的初步设计。结构设计方案以低活性铁素体钢(RAFS)为结构材料,稳定性极好的惰性氦气作为冷却剂,陶瓷硅酸锂小球为氚增殖材料。包层结构的设计特点是,采用模块化的设计方案,从而提高了包层的可靠性和安全性。     

Neutronics Calculation of ITER HC-SB TBM

ITER＇s test blanket modules （ TBM ） is a test-bed to demonstrate tritium self-sufficiency and extraction of high-grade heat for a future fusion reactor. It is also a test plateform to test electro- magnetic, thermo-hydraulic and tritium breeder for DEMO blanket relevant technologies. A great deal of the largest and the most important nuclear issues are related to neutronics. In consideration of strict requirements of absolute safe operation for ITER and TBM, all of probable or potential problems of TBM must be investigated such as power generation, tritium generation, thermo-hydraulics and energy production and so on.     

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在ITER试验包层模块HC-SB TBM结构设计和热工计算分析的基础上,对包层模块中的重要部件第一壁做了优化分析。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS的可编程命令流模式,对HC-SB TBM第一壁前壁进行了温度和应力的数值模拟,在满足结构材料的许用温度和应力的前提下,给出了第一壁前壁的最佳设计方案。     

Hydraulic and Thermal Analysis of ITER Standard NB Blanket Module

1 Introduction Based on the fabrication methods of forging, drilling and welding, the cooling channels in ITER shield block （SB） are drilled radial holes with flow drives. In the old design of FDR2001, the pressure drop in the poloidal hole was very high and it was difficult to achieve uniform flow distribution in the radial holes. In recent years, great improvements of the blanket design were made by ITER international team. One of the most important improvements is the new coolant flow configuration in the SB （See Fig.l）, where a special shape of flow driver is mounted inside the drilled radial hole, and coolant flows through clearance between the driver and the hole.     

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简要介绍了ITER计划的发展历程;综述了ITER实验包层模块计划(ITER-TBM)的历史、主要技术路线和最新的设计与研发进展;概述了与实验包层计划相关的DEMO聚变堆的定义与发展策略。最后,介绍了国内开展的基于固体增殖剂概念的ITER实验包层的初步设计概况,对TBM的研发计划提出了建议。     

ITER Shield Blanket Design Activities at SWIP

1 Introduction According to the ITER procurement allocation, China participating team （PT）, as well as Europe, Korea, Japan, Russia and the United States participating teams, will fabricate the shield blanket modules for ITER. Since then, two shield blanket modules near neutral beam （NB） port were studied and the relevant design tasks were finished through the cooperation of the ITER international team （IT） and CN PT.     

ITER驱动次临界包层总体结构概念设计

详细介绍了ITER驱动的次临界包层结构设计,沿环向360整个次临界包层被分成36瓣,单瓣包层以等离子工作腔为分界面被分为内、外两部分,分别由第一壁结构、支承结构、燃料区结构、产氚区结构和锆包壳结构等组成。有别于ITER装置现有的小模块包层结构,单瓣内、外包层被设计成一种整体式内置结构,从而减少了裂变燃料区中大量内嵌冷却剂压力管道接头数量、缩短了换料周期并节约了成本。同时考虑到ITER装置本体结构空间对次临界包层的限制,提出了一种既能满足包层热工-流体要求又能实现包层工程焊接安装的管道汇总结构。最后运用Pro/e建模软件建立了包层三维CAD结构图,为后续结构力学分析输出了有限元计算模型。     

ITER驱动次临界包层总体结构概念设计

详细介绍了ITER驱动的次临界包层结构设计,沿环向360°整个次临界包层被分成36瓣,单瓣包层以等离子工作腔为分界面被分为内、外两部分,分别由第一壁结构、支承结构、燃料区结构、产氚区结构和锆包壳结构等组成。有别于ITER装置现有的小模块包层结构,单瓣内、外包层被设计成一种整体式内置结构,从而减少了裂变燃料区中大量内嵌冷却剂压力管道接头数量、缩短了换料周期并节约了成本。同时考虑到ITER装置本体结构空间对次临界包层的限制,提出了一种既能满足包层热工-流体要求又能实现包层工程焊接安装的管道汇总结构。最后运用Pro/e建模软件建立了包层三维CAD结构图,为后续结构力学分析输出了有限元计算模型。     

ITER试验包层模块的中子学分析与设计

ITER试验包层模块(TBM)的中子学的设计和计算结果为TBM的其它大多数系统设计提供重要的数据依据。本文首先应用TRANSX程序完成基于FENDL2.0新库制作,以及中子输运程序和数据库的基准检验;然后应用二维中子输运程序TWODANT,计算和分析了中国氦冷Li₄SiO₄固体氚增殖剂的试验包层模块的功率密度分布、增殖区产氚特性、结构材料的中子辐照特性、结构材料和增殖材料的产氢和产氦等特性,并给出一个经合理优化的 TBM中子学初步设计结果。     

主焦点式光学系统的光机结构设计与装调检测

针对应用在极轴式望远镜中的主焦点式光学系统,从主镜的支撑设计与分析、主镜的装调检测、校正镜组件的设计装调和系统的装调检测等方面进行了深入的研究.充分应用了有限元法分析主镜的支撑、定心仪检测光轴的同轴度、平行光管检测系统像质等,得出了主焦点式光学系统的一般装调检测方法.装调后的主镜面形检测结果均方根值达到0.042 8λ,校正镜组的光轴同轴误差达到12.4″.对系统的像质评价采用能量集中度法,成像在靶面上的星点80%能力集中度在24 μm×24 μm范围以内,达到设计指标要求,说明系统结构设计合理,装调检测方法可行.该方法和思路可推广至其他主焦点式光学系统的装调检测工作.     

ITER驱动混合堆次临界包层燃料区结构设计与分析

基于国际热核聚变实验反应堆磁约束聚变-裂变混合能源系统次临界包层的物理-热工设计结果,提出了聚变-裂变混合堆次临界包层燃料区结构设计方案,包括纵骨支撑结构、燃料区结构和锆包壳结构。运用Pro/e建模软件建立了次临界包层燃料区结构模型,并利用ANSYS-workbench mechanical有限元分析软件对纵骨式支撑结构开展了初步力学分析,得到了燃料部件和纵骨式多层支撑结构的最大Tresca应力值、应力分布云图和总变形量,其中最大应力为87.04 MPa,最大变形量为0.17 mm。按照第3强度理论校核,计算结果表明纵骨式次临界包层结构各部件能够满足强度要求。     

Design,Manufacture, and Experimental Serviceability Validation of ITER Blanket Components

In 2014, the Russian Federation and the ITER International Organization signed two Procurement Arrangements (PAs) for ITER blanket components: 1.6.P1ARF.01 “Blanket First Wall” of February 14, 2014, and 1.6.P3.RF.01 “Blanket Module Connections” of December 19, 2014. The first PA stipulates development, manufacture, testing, and delivery to the ITER site of 179 Enhanced Heat Flux (EHF) First Wall (FW) Panels intended for withstanding the heat flux from the plasma up to 4.7MW/m². Two Russian institutions, NIIEFA (Efremov Institute) and NIKIET, are responsible for the implementation of this PA. NIIEFA manufactures plasma-facing components (PFCs) of the EHF FW panels and performs the final assembly and testing of the panels, and NIKIET manufactures FW beam structures, load-bearing structures of PFCs, and all elements of the panel attachment system. As for the second PA, NIKIET is the sole official supplier of flexible blanket supports, electrical insulation key pads (EIKPs), and blanket module/vacuum vessel electrical connectors. Joint activities of NIKIET and NIIEFA for implementing PA 1.6.P1ARF.01 are briefly described, and information on implementation of PA 1.6.P3.RF.01 is given. Results of the engineering design and research efforts in the scope of the above PAs in 2015–2016 are reported, and results of developing the technology for manufacturing ITER blanket components are presented.     

ITER极向场内馈线的结构设计

根据ITER装置对极向场内馈线系统的性能要求,同时考虑该系统所处空间位置的复杂性和工作环境的特殊性,利用三维建模软件CATIA对极向场内馈线结构进行概念设计,为同类型超导磁体的馈线设计提供了有益的参考。     

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为部分验证中国固态增殖剂TBM 模块中原尺寸模块结构设计的合理性和研制工艺的可行性,针对性地开展了TBM 小模块(仅高度为1/3)研制工作。在前期设计工作基础上,开展TBM 小模块结构详细优化设计与分析,提出模块加工、连接及集成装配等工艺方案,为TBM 小模块的工程化试制奠定坚实基础。     

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为进一步优化实验包层模块的热工水力性能,分别研究了实验包层模块的两种不同冷却方案在正常和极端两种不同工况下的温度分布。用流体数值分析软件FLUENT模拟了实验包层模块关键部件的实际温度分布状况。