The Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation. We prove that the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation is not locally well-posed in the Sobolev spaces ${H^s(\mathfrak{R})}$ with ${s < \frac{3}{2}}$ in the sense that its solutions do not depend uniformly continuously on the initial data. Since the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation is locally well-posed in ${H^{s}(\mathfrak{R})}$ with s > 3/2 in the sense of Hadamard, our result implies that s =  3/2 is the critical Sobolev index for well-posedness. We also present two blow-up results of strong solution to the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation in ${H^{s}(\mathfrak{R})}$ with s > 3/2.     

The Cauchy Problem for the Average Field Equation Describing a Model of a Magnetic Solid

We study a model of a magnetic solid treated as a system of particles with mechanical moment $\vec s,\vec s \in S^2$ , and magnetic moment $\vec \mu ,\vec \mu = \vec s$ , interacting with one another via the magnetic field, which determines variations in the mechanical moment of each particle. We study the system of integro-differential equations describing the evolution of the one-particle distribution function for this system of particles. We prove existence and uniqueness theorems for the generalized and the classical solution of the Cauchy problem for this system of equations. We also prove that the generalized solution continuously depends on the initial conditions.     

Inverse problem of finding n coefficients of lower derivatives in a parabolic equation

We consider the problem of reconstructing the vector function $\vec b(x) = (b_1 ,...,b_n )$ in the term $(\vec b,\nabla u)$ in a linear parabolic equation. This coefficient inverse problem is considered in a bounded domain Ω ? R ⁿ . To find the above-mentioned function $\vec b(x)$ , in addition to initial and boundary conditions we pose an integral observation of the form $\int_0^T {u(x,t)\vec \omega (t)dt = \vec \chi (x)} $ , where $\vec \omega (t) = (\omega _1 (t),...,\omega _n (t))$ is a given weight vector function. We derive sufficient existence and uniqueness conditions for the generalized solution of the inverse problem. We present an example of input data for which the assumptions of the theorems proved in the paper are necessarily satisfied.     

The topology of restricted partition posets

For each composition $\vec {c}$ we show that the order complex of the poset of pointed set partitions  $\varPi^{\bullet}_{\vec {c}}$ is a wedge of spheres of the same dimension with the multiplicity given by the number of permutations with descent composition $\vec {c}$ . Furthermore, the action of the symmetric group on the top homology is isomorphic to the Specht module S ^B where B is a border strip associated to the composition. We also study the filter of pointed set partitions generated by a knapsack integer partition and show the analogous results on homotopy type and action on the top homology.     

Cauchy problem and initial traces for fast diffusion equation with space-dependent source

We consider existence of initial traces of nonnegative solutions for fast diffusion equation with space-dependent source and the solvability of the Cauchy problem when the initial datum is merely a function in ${L_{{\rm loc}}^1(R^N)}$ or even a Radon measure.     

The Algebra of {{\mathbf{SL}}_3}\left( \mathbb{C} \right) Conformal Blocks

We construct and study a family of toric degenerations of the Cox ring of the moduli of quasi-parabolic principal SL₃( $ \mathbb{C} $ ) bundles on a smooth, marked curve (C, $ \vec{p} $ ): Elements of this algebra have a well known interpretation as conformal blocks, from the Wess-Zumino-Witten model of conformal field theory. For the genus 0; 1 cases we find the level of conformal blocks necessary to generate the algebra. In the genus 0 case we also find bounds on the degrees of relations required to present the algebra. As a consequence we obtain a toric degeneration for the projective coordinate ring of an effective divisor on the moduli $ {{\mathcal{M}}_{{C,\vec{p}}}}\left( {\mathrm{S}{{\mathrm{L}}_3}\left( \mathbb{C} \right)} \right) $ of quasi-parabolic principal SL₃( $ \mathbb{C} $ ) bundles on (C, $ \vec{p} $ ). Along the way we recover positive polyhedral rules for counting conformal blocks.     

Morrey-type regularity of solutions to parabolic problems with discontinuous data

We consider regular oblique derivative problem in cylinder Q _T ?=????× (0, T), ${\Omega\subset {\mathbb R}^n}$ for uniformly parabolic operator ${{{\mathfrak P}}=D_t- \sum_{i,j=1}^n a^{ij}(x)D_{ij}}$ with VMO principal coefficients. Its unique strong solvability is proved in Manuscr. Math. 203?C220 (2000), when ${{{\mathfrak P}}u\in L^p(Q_T)}$ , ${p\in(1,\infty)}$ . Our aim is to show that the solution belongs to the generalized Sobolev?CMorrey space ${W^{2,1}_{p,\omega}(Q_T)}$ , when ${{{\mathfrak P}}u\in L^{p,\omega} (Q_T)}$ , ${p\in (1, \infty)}$ , ${\omega(x,r):\,{\mathbb R}^{n+1}_+\to {\mathbb R}_+}$ . For this goal an a priori estimate is obtained relying on explicit representation formula for the solution. Analogous result holds also for the Cauchy?CDirichlet problem.     

Positive Periodic Solutions for Higher Order Functional Difference Systems Depending on a Parameter

In this paper, we consider a type of nth order functional difference systems depending on a parameter λ. By using the fixed point index theory, we prove that there exists a positive number ${\widetilde{\lambda}}$ separating ${(0,+ \infty) \backslash \widetilde{\lambda}}$ into two disjoint subintervals Λ₁ and Λ₂ such that the system has zero, at least one or at least two positive periodic solutions according to ${\lambda \in \Lambda_1, \lambda = \widetilde{\lambda}}$ , or ${\lambda \in \Lambda_2}$ . This work improves and extends some recent results in the literature for the first order systems. In addition, we obtain conditions for a general system to have nontrivial periodic solutions. The results are illustrated with an example.     

An alternative Cauchy functional equation on a semigroup

More than 33 years ago M. Kuczma and R. Ger posed the problem of solving the alternative Cauchy functional equation ${f(xy) - f(x) - f(y) \in \{ 0, 1\}}$ where ${f : S \to \mathbb{R}, S}$ is a group or a semigroup. In the case when the Cauchy functional equation is stable on S, a method for the construction of the solutions is known (see Forti in Abh Math Sem Univ Hamburg 57:215–226, 1987). It is well known that the Cauchy functional equation is not stable on the free semigroup generated by two elements. At the 44th ISFE in Louisville, USA, Professor G. L. Forti and R. Ger asked to solve this functional equation on a semigroup where the Cauchy functional equation is not stable. In this paper, we present the first result in this direction providing an answer to the problem of G. L. Forti and R. Ger. In particular, we determine the solutions ${f : H \to \mathbb{R}}$ of the alternative functional equation on a semigroup ${H = \langle a, b| a^2 = a, b^2 = b \rangle }$ where the Cauchy equation is not stable.     

Quasilinear elliptic and parabolic Robin problems on Lipschitz domains

We prove Hölder continuity up to the boundary for solutions of quasi-linear degenerate elliptic problems in divergence form, not necessarily of variational type, on Lipschitz domains with Neumann and Robin boundary conditions. This includes the p-Laplace operator for all ${p \in (1,\infty)}$ , but also operators with unbounded coefficients. Based on the elliptic result we show that the corresponding parabolic problem is well-posed in the space ${\mathrm{C}(\overline{\Omega})}$ provided that the coefficients satisfy a mild monotonicity condition. More precisely, we show that the realization of the elliptic operator in ${\mathrm{C}(\overline{\Omega})}$ is m-accretive and densely defined. Thus it generates a non-linear strongly continuous contraction semigroup on ${\mathrm{C}(\overline{\Omega})}$ .     

The Oldroyd-\alpha model for the incompressible viscoelastic flow

In this paper, we introduce and study a new model, which is called the Lagrangian-averaged Oldroyd- $\alpha $ (LAO- $\alpha $ ) model in two space dimensions. Such a model is inspired by the Lagrangian-averaged Navier–Stokes- $\alpha $ model (also known as the viscous Camassa–Holm equations). We obtain global existence result for the Cauchy problem of the LAO- $\alpha $ model. And we prove that a subsequence of solutions of the LAO- $\alpha $ equations converges to certain solution of the two-dimensional Oldroyd model as $\alpha $ converges to zero.     

An estimate of the solutions of a stationary problem for the Navier-Stokes equations

It is shown that the solutions of a nonlinear stationary problem for the Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain Ω ? ?³ with boundary conditions $\vec \upsilon \left| {_{\partial \Omega } } \right. = \vec a(x)$ satisfy the inequality $\left. {_{x \in \Omega }^{\sup } } \right|\left. {\vec v(x)} \right| \leqslant c\left( {\left. {_{x \in \partial \Omega }^{\sup } } \right|\left. {\vec a(x)} \right|} \right)$ for arbitrary Reynolds numbers. Bibliography: 9 titles.     

The polynomial multidimensional Szemerédi Theorem along shifted primes

If $\vec q_1 ,...,\vec q_m $ : ? → ? ^? are polynomials with zero constant terms and E ? ? ^? has positive upper Banach density, then we show that the set E ∩ (E ? $\vec q_1 $ (p ? 1)) ∩ … ∩ (E ? $\vec q_m $ (p ? 1)) is nonempty for some prime p. We also prove mean convergence for the associated averages along the prime numbers, conditional to analogous convergence results along the full integers. This generalizes earlier results of the authors, of Wooley and Ziegler, and of Bergelson, Leibman and Ziegler.     

Metrics on tiling spaces, local isomorphism and an application of Brown’s lemma

We give an application of a topological dynamics version of multidimensional Brown’s lemma to tiling theory: given a tiling of an Euclidean space and a finite geometric pattern of points $F$ , one can find a patch such that, for each scale factor $\lambda $ , there is a vector $\vec {t}_\lambda $ so that copies of this patch appear in the tilling “nearly” centered on $\lambda F+\vec {t}_\lambda $ once we allow “bounded perturbations” in the structure of the homothetic copies of $F$ . Furthermore, we introduce a new unifying setting for the study of tiling spaces which allows rather general group “actions” on patches and we discuss the local isomorphism property of tilings within this setting.     

A Nonlinear Loaded Parabolic Equation and a Related Inverse Problem

The solvability of the nonlocal-in-time boundary-value problem for the nonlinear parabolic equation $$u_t - \Delta u + c(\bar u(x,T))u = f(x,t),$$ where $\bar u(x,t) = \alpha (t)u(x,t) + \int_0^t {\beta (\tau )u(x,\tau )d\tau } $ for given functions $\alpha (t)$ and $\beta (t)$ , is studied. Existence and uniqueness theorems for regular solutions are proved; it is shown that the results obtained can be used to study the solvability of coefficient inverse problems.     

{\Pi^1_2} -comprehension and the property of Ramsey

We show that a theory of autonomous iterated Ramseyness based on second order arithmetic (SOA) is proof-theoretically equivalent to ${\Pi^1_2}$ -comprehension. The property of Ramsey is defined as follows. Let X be a set of real numbers, i.e. a set of infinite sets of natural numbers. We call a set H of natural numbers homogeneous for X if either all infinite subsets of H are in X or all infinite subsets of H are not in X. X has the property of Ramsey if there exists a set which is homogeneous for X. The property of Ramsey is considered in reverse mathematics to compare the strength of subsystems of SOA. To characterize the system of ${\Pi^1_2}$ -comprehension in terms of Ramseyness we introduce a system of autonomous iterated Ramseyness, called R-calculus. We augment the language of SOA with additional set terms (called R-terms) ${R\vec{x}X\phi(\vec{x},X)}$ for each first order formula ${\phi(\vec{x},X)}$ (where φ may contain further R-terms). The R-calculus is a system which comprises comprehension for all first order formulas (which may contain R-terms or other set parameters) and defining axioms for the R-terms which claim that for each ${\vec{x}}$ , we can remove finitely many elements from the set ${R\vec{x}X\phi(\vec{x},X)}$ such that the remaining set is homogeneous for ${\{{X}{\phi(\vec{x},X)\}}}$ . We show that the R-calculus proves the same ${\Pi^1_1}$ -sentences as the system of ${\Pi^1_2}$ -comprehension.     

On a weakened Cauchy problem for a linear differential inclusion

For a differential inclusion $\dot x(t) \in \mathcal{A}x(t)$ with linear relation A, we establish the connection between a weakened and the ordinary Cauchy problem. We prove the uniqueness of and the representation for the weakened solution.     

Operational Calculus Approach to Nonlocal Cauchy Problems

Let Φ be a linear functional of the space ${\mathcal{C} =\mathcal{C}(\Delta)}$ of continuous functions on an interval Δ. The nonlocal boundary problem for an arbitrary linear differential equation $$ P\left(\frac{d}{d t}\right)y = F(t) $$ with constant coefficients and boundary value conditions of the form $$ \Phi\{\,y^{(k)}\} =\alpha_k,\,\,\,k = 0,\,1,\,2,\, \ldots,\,{\rm deg} P-1 $$ is said to be a nonlocal Cauchy boundary value problem. For solution of such problems an operational calculus of Mikusiński’s type, based on the convolution $$ (f*g)(t) = \Phi_\tau\, \left\{{\int\limits_\tau^t} f(t+\tau - \sigma)\,g(\sigma)\, d \sigma\, \right\}, $$ is developed. In the frames of this operational calculus the classical Heaviside algorithm is extended to nonlocal Cauchy problems. The obtaining of periodic, antiperiodic and mean-periodic solutions of linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients both in the non-resonance and in the resonance cases reduces to such problems. Here only the non-resonance case is considered. Extensions of the Duhamel principle are proposed.     

On the Riemann Boundary Value Problem for Null Solutions to Iterated Generalized Cauchy–Riemann Operator in Clifford Analysis

In this paper we consider a kind of Riemann boundary value problem (for short RBVP) for null solutions to the iterated generalized Cauchy–Riemann operator and the polynomially generalized Cauchy–Riemann operator, on the sphere of ${\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}$ with Hölder-continuous boundary data. Making full use of the poly-Cauchy type integral operator in Clifford analysis, we give explicit integral expressions of solutions to this kind of boundary value problems over the sphere of ${\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}$ . As special cases solutions of the corresponding boundary value problems for the classical poly-analytic and meta-analytic functions are also derived, respectively.     

Non-uniform dependence on initial data for the periodic modified Camassa–Holm equation

In this paper, we study the periodic Cauchy problem for the modified Camassa–Holm equation $$m_t+um_x+2u_xm=0,\quad m=(1-\partial_x^2)^2u$$ , and show that the solution map is not uniformly continuous in Sobolev spaces ${H^s(\mathbb T)}$ for s > 7/2. Our proof is based on the method of approximate solutions and well-posedness estimates for the actual solutions.