固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中多种有机磷农药

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱法同时测定茶叶中16种有机磷农药残留的方法.样品用丙酮超声提取后,经自制的N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)/活性炭固相萃取柱净化,以混合溶剂乙腈/甲苯(V(乙腈)∶V(甲苯)=1∶3)洗脱,采用气相色谱-氮磷检测器(GC-NPD)测定.方法的回收率在62.8%～109.1%之间,相对标准偏差小于14.7%1,6种有机磷农药的检出限在0.01～0.16 mg/kg之间.方法快速简便、经济实用。     

中草药中有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的GC-MS测定

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定中草药中多种有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量.采用V(乙腈)∶V(丙酮)＝3∶7混合溶剂微波辅助提取,弗罗里硅土和中性氧化铝层析柱净化,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用检测,农药混标在0.01～1.0 μg/mL范围内线性良好,在0.5、0.1、0.05 μg/mL 3个水平添加平均回收率分别为86.5%～110.6%、81.2%～108.3%和72.9%～122.3%,相对标准偏差分别为2.6%～8.3%、4.6%～9.7%和2.3%～10.7%.     

冷冻去脂-液液分配净化/气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中16种多环芳烃

建立了保湿护肤系列化妆品中16种多环芳烃的气相色谱-质谱测定法。对于水剂样品,采用环己烷提取、浓缩等简单前处理;对于膏霜剂样品,采用乙腈+丙酮(8+2,V/V)涡旋提取样品中的待测物,提取液经冷冻去脂、液液萃取净化(氨水-环己烷、水-环己烷),气相色谱-质谱法测定。16种多环芳烃在1～50μg/L均与对应峰面积呈良好线性关系。添加量在1～50μg/kg时,平均回收率(n=6)为78.1%～103.7%,相对标准偏差为2.4%～7.1%,方法检测限为1～10μg/kg。该法可用于化妆品中16种多环芳烃的测定。     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合离子阱质谱测定大鼠血浆中11种合成大麻素

建立并验证了一种用于定量检测大鼠血浆中11种合成大麻素(SCs)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法。选择Waters UPLC HSS T3(150 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以乙腈为蛋白沉淀剂(血浆∶乙腈=1∶9,V/V),实现了11种目标物质的色谱分离和检测。方法学验证数据表明,本方法在0.05～10 ng/mL范围内具有良好线性(R²>0.991),基质效应为69.5%～119.0%,回收率为43.8%～131.5%,相对标准偏差为4.0%～28.3%,定量限为0.05～1 ng/mL。本方法适用于血浆中SCs的定性定量检测。     

固相萃取-在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法测定板栗中44种有机磷农药残留

建立了板栗中44种有机磷农药多残留的分析方法.样品以V(乙腈)∶ V((水)=4∶ 1为提取剂,经高速匀浆方法提取,提取液以ENVI-18固相萃取柱净化,除去样品中大部分的脂肪和甾醇等干扰基质,再经在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱(GPC-GC/MS)分析,进一步除去样液中色素和脂肪等大分子干扰物质,有效地降低了样品中的复杂基质所带来的背景干扰.加标水平为0.05 mg/kg时,大部分农药的回收率为65%～120%, 相对标准偏差小于15%;44种农药的检出限为0.002～0.05 mg/kg.采用外标法定量,气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)定性定量分析,线性关系和回收率结果均满意.实验证明,本方法是一种快速、准确、灵敏度高的同时检测板栗中有机磷农药多残留的检测方法.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法检测茶叶中的有机磷农药残留量

建立了茶叶中22种有机磷农药的残留量的气相色谱分析方法. 样品用V(乙腈)∶V(丙酮)＝4∶1提取, 经Envi-Carb固相小柱净化, 以V(乙腈)∶V(甲苯)＝3∶1洗脱, GC-FPD检测, 外标法定量. 在添加0.05～1.0 mg/kg的水平, 22种有机磷的平均回收率在81.3%～107.9%之间, 相对标准偏差在1.1%～8.9%, 该方法的检出限为0.01～0.04 mg/kg. 该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留量测定的技术要求.     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定含油脂食品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了含油脂食品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测方法。奶茶样品经乙腈-甲基叔丁基醚(9∶1,V/V)提取后,提取液用MAS-PAEC分散固相萃取管进行净化。调味包样品经乙腈(正己烷饱和)-甲基叔丁基醚(19∶1,V/V)提取2次后,提取液用CNW分散固相萃取管进行净化。采用基质匹配标准外标法进行定量分析。结果表明,奶茶中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的加标回收率为82.2%～125.4%;相对标准偏差小于16.5%;方法检出限为100～200μg/L。调味包中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的加标回收率为70.9%～115.5%;相对标准偏差小于9.8%;方法检出限为400～800μg/L。本方法快速、精确、简易、廉价、稳定,可应用于含油脂食品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的实际检测分析。     

气相色谱-负化学电离质谱测定蔬菜中啶虫丙醚的残留量

建立以固相萃取净化和气相色谱-负化学质谱(GC/NCI/MS)技术快速测定蔬菜中啶虫丙醚残留量的方法。经乙腈提取,共提物中的基体杂质经PSA/SAX固相萃取柱去除,用负化学源质谱检测,灵敏度选择性高于气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱。目标农药的平均回收率为87.0%～91.0%,平均相对标准偏差为6.45%～6.80%(n=7),方法的检出限为1μg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中61种性激素

建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中61种性激素的方法。水基类、乳液类、膏霜类和凝胶类化妆品经乙腈分散,50%(V/V)乙腈水溶液超声提取;油基类样品经正己烷分散,70%(V/V)乙腈水溶液涡旋提取。采用CORTECS C18(2.1 mm×150 mm, 2.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,选择乙腈、水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质外标法定量。结果表明,61种性激素的检出限和定量限分别为0.03～0.31μg/g和0.09～0.92μg/g,在15～150μg/L范围内线性关系良好(相关系数R²>0.99)。选择了5种化妆品基质,在低、中、高3个加标水平下,61种性激素的加标回收率为80.0%～117.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%～14%。该方法可以为化妆品的快速风险筛查和国家标准的制修订提供技术支撑。     

高效液相色谱-荧光法测定水果蔬菜中的乙萘酚

建立了柑橘、苹果、菠菜、西红柿等水果和蔬菜中乙萘酚的高效液相色谱-荧光快速检测方法。样品用乙腈提取,浓缩,乙腈-甲苯(3:1,V/V)溶解后经LC-NH2固相萃取柱净化;色谱柱:Pickering C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-水(50:50,V/V);检测波长:λex=250 nm,λem=410 nm。乙萘酚在0.20～50.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999);在0.05,0.10,0.50 mg/kg 3个添加水平下平均回收率范围在83.3%～101.2%之间,相对标准偏差为4.3%～9.3%。     

Analysis and toxicity of methomyl and ametryn after biodegradation

The controlled biodegradation of ametryn and methomyl has been performed, in accordance with the OECD Zahn-Wellens/EMPA procedure, by use of an enriched mixture of activated sludge collected from three domestic waste-water-treatment plants (WWTP). During the process concentrations of ametryn and methomyl in the water samples were isolated by solid-phase extraction (SPE); recovery rates were 98.9 and 93.2 for methomyl and ametryn, respectively. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to determine final pesticide concentrations and for metabolite identification.The efficiency of aerobic biodegradation of ametryn and methomyl was evaluated by measuring both the decrease in the concentration of the pesticides and global properties such as the chemical oxygen demand (COD). The acute toxicity of ametryn and methomyl was evaluated by use of the ToxAlert100 biological test, which is based on inhibition of the bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri. There was significant correlation between results from primary and ultimate biodegradation and those from determination of toxicity. Pesticide concentrations were always reduced to below the limit of detection in less than 17 days. High COD removal (90-96%) was achieved in 28 and 18 days for methomyl and ametryn, respectively.     

Supercritical fluid chromatography with photodiode array detection for pesticide analysis in papaya and avocado samples

To improve the analysis of pesticides in complex food matrices with economic importance, alternative chromatographic techniques, such as supercritical fluid chromatography, can be used. Supercritical fluid chromatography has barely been applied for pesticide analysis in food matrices. In this paper, an analytical method using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detection has been established for the first time for the quantification of pesticides in papaya and avocado. The extraction of methyl parathion, atrazine, ametryn, carbofuran, and carbaryl was performed through the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe methodology. The method was validated using papaya and avocado samples. For papaya, the correlation coefficient values were higher than 0.99; limits of detection and quantification ranged from 130–380 and 220–640 μg/kg, respectively; recovery values ranged from 72.8–94.6%; precision was lower than 3%. For avocado, limit of detection values were ?450 μg/kg; precision was lower than 11%; recoveries ranged from 50.0–94.2%. Method feasibility was tested for lime, banana, mango, and melon samples. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method is applicable to methyl parathion, atrazine, ametryn, and carbaryl, toxics pesticides used worldwide. The methodology presented in this work could be applicable to other fruits.     

Molecularly imprinted polymers for triazine herbicides prepared by multi-step swelling and polymerization method. Their application to the determination of methylthiotriazine herbicides in river water

Uniformly-sized, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for atrazine, ametryn and irgarol were prepared by a multi-step swelling and polymerization method using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker and methacrylic acid (MAA), 2-(trifluoromethyl) acrylic acid (TFMAA) or 4-vinylpyridine either as a functional monomer or not. The MIP for atrazine prepared using MAA showed good molecular recognition abilities for chlorotriazine herbicides, while the MIPs for ametryn and irgarol prepared using TFMAA showed excellent molecular recognition abilities for methylthiotriazine herbicides. A restricted access media-molecularly imprinted polymer (RAM-MIP) for irgarol was prepared followed by in situ hydrophilic surface modification using glycerol dimethacrylate and glycerol monomethacrylate as hydrophilic monomers. The RAM-MIP was applied to selective pretreatment and enrichment of methylthiotriazine herbicides, simetryn, ametryn and prometryn, in river water, followed by their separation and UV detection via column-switching HPLC. The calibration graphs of these compounds showed good linearity in the range of 50-500 pg/mL (r > 0.999) with a 100 mL loading of a river water sample. The quantitation limits of simetryn, ametryn and prometryn were 50 pg/mL, and the detection limits were 25 pg/mL. The recoveries of simetryn, ametryn and prometryn at 50 pg/mL were 101%, 95.6% and 95.1%, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of simetryn, ametryn and prometryn in river water.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物源性食品中11种禁限兽药及代谢物

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测鸡蛋、液态奶、鸡肉及淡水鱼中4类(氯霉素类、硝基咪唑类、林可酰胺类与大环内酯类)8种禁限兽药与3种代谢物残留的分析方法.对样品前处理及色谱条件进行优化,样品经0.1 mol/L pH 9.0的磷酸盐缓冲液水解分散,乙腈提取,提取液经乙酸乙酯...     

Method validation,residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of trifloxystrobin and trifloxystrobin acid in milk,eggs and pork

Trifloxystrobin (TFS) is a widely used strobilurin fungicide and its residues accumulating in animal-derived food could result in potential harm to consumers. By optimization of extraction solvents and cleanup sorbents, a residue analysis method for TFS and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (TFSA) was established in milk, eggs and pork based on QuEChERS sample preparation and LC–MS/MS. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity with determination coefficients (R²) >0.9930 over the range of 0.5–250 ng/ml for both TFS and TFSA. The recoveries of the two analytes were 81–100% with RSD 3–10% and 76–96% with RSD 2–13%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 ng/g for both analytes. The milk, egg and pork samples, 30 each, were collected from the 30 main producing regions in China, and residues of TFS and TFSA were analyzed. The concentrations of both analytes were lower than the corresponding LOQs and maximum residue limits. Long-term dietary risk assessment showed that the hazard quotients were 0.001–0.003%, indicating an absence of unacceptable risks in milk, eggs and pork to the health of common consumers in China.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定食品中的抗倒胺残留量

建立了水果、蔬菜、茶叶、蜂蜜、粮谷和动物源性食品中抗倒胺残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,混合使用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷和十八烷基硅烷键合相基质分散净化后,用HPLC-MS/MS检测和确证,外标法定量。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。该方法通过建立基质标准曲线消除基质效应,抗倒胺在1～100 μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.998～0.999之间;样品中添加5、10、50 μg/kg的标准品,其添加回收率在85.2%～112.4%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8.5%;检出限(LOD)在0.08～1.64 μg/kg之间,定量限(LOQ)在0.30～5.48 μg/kg之间。实验结果表明,该方法提取效果好,具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性。     

Multi-mycotoxin analysis of animal feed and animal-derived food using LC–MS/MS system with timed and highly selective reaction monitoring

Mycotoxins have the potential to enter the human food chain through carry-over of contaminants from feed into animal-derived products. The objective of the study was to develop a reliable and sensitive method for the analysis of 30 mycotoxins in animal feed and animal-derived food (meat, edible animal tissues, and milk) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In the study, three extraction procedures, as well as various cleanup procedures, were evaluated to select the most suitable sample preparation procedure for different sample matrices. In addition, timed and highly selective reaction monitoring on LC–MS/MS was used to filter out isobaric matrix interferences. The performance characteristics (linearity, sensitivity, recovery, precision, and specificity) of the method were determined according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and 401/2006/EC. The established method was successfully applied to screening of mycotoxins in animal feed and animal-derived food. The results indicated that mycotoxin contamination in feed directly influenced the presence of mycotoxin in animal-derived food.

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Graphical abstract Multi-mycotoxin analysis of animal feed and animal-derived food using LC-MS/MS

     

Development of an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Animal-Derived Food

Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are a group of metabolites biotransformed from polychlorinated biphenyls by animals with higher toxicities than their parent compounds. The present work developed and validated an analytical method for determinating penta-, hexa-, and hepta-chlorine substituted OH-PCBs in animal-derived food based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) with isotope-dilution. The target analytes were extracted with a 50% n-hexane/dichloromethane (v/v), purified by sulfuric acid-silica gel, and separated by 5% hydrated silica gel, achieving a final concentration of 100 times before injection to LC–MS/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for target OH-PCBs were within the ranges of 0.003–0.010 μg/kg and 0.009–0.030 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries ranged between 76.7% and 116.5%, with relative standard deviations of less than 18.4%. The proposed method is simple, time-saving, sensitive, and accurate, making it a powerful tool for risk monitoring of OH-PCBs in animal-derived food.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中氯苯胺灵残留北大核心CSCD

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS)测定动物源食品中氯苯胺灵残留的分析方法。动物源食品经乙腈溶液提取、正己烷脱脂、ProElut PLS固相萃取柱富集净化,采用C18色谱柱进行分离,以0.2%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离、正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。研究通过对不同填料的固相萃取柱的考察,最终选择了ProElut PLS固相萃取柱,其能对动物源食品复杂基质中的氯苯胺灵进行有效富集和净化;通过考察3种规格的C18柱对氯苯胺灵的保留能力和出峰效果,选择了Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)作为氯苯胺灵的分离色谱柱;通过考察氯苯胺灵在正负两种质谱电离模式下的响应情况,选择了正离子模式,确定氯苯胺灵一级质谱准分子离子和相应的碎片离子。结果表明:氯苯胺灵在0.5~100.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))均不低于0.9929;方法定量限(LOQ)为3μg/kg(S/N≥10);以猪肉、牛奶、牛肉、鸡肉、鸭肉、鸡蛋、鸡胗、鸭蛋、猪腰、猪肝、牛肝、羊肉、鸭胗共13种动物源食品为基质,在0.003、0.006、0.060 mg/kg添加水平下,氯苯胺灵的平均回收率为74.9%~97.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%~9.5%(n=6)。本方法前处理简便易行、基质干扰小、灵敏度高、准确性高,适用于多种动物源食品中氯苯胺灵的定性和定量检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定蔗汁中的莠去津与莠灭净残留量

建立了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS/SIM)同时测定蔗汁样品中莠去津和莠灭净的方法,并优化了样品前处理和色谱条件.在优化条件下,两种除草剂在0.00-0.60 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限(S/N=3)均为0.001 mg/L.在加标水平为0.050-0.100 mg/L时,两种除草剂的回收率在93%-10...