高效液相色谱法测定水和土壤中磺胺类抗生素

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定水和土壤中5种磺胺类抗生素的分析方法。水样过滤后采用HLB固相萃取柱净化、富集;土样采用甲醇/EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液提取,LC-SAX和LC-18串联固相萃取小柱净化富集;采用高效液相色谱,以乙腈和0.01mol/LH3PH4作为流动相,于270nm波长处对样品进行检测。5种抗生素在水和土壤中的检出限分别为0.94～13.2ng/L和0.24～3.3μg/kg;加标回收率分别为81.0～105.5%和72.6%～85.3%。采集了不同菜地土壤和污水处理厂水样,用上述方法进行了检测,表明本方法对环境样品中磺胺类抗生素的检测是可行的,污水厂进水和菜地土壤中磺胺类抗生素总浓度分别为2.26～12.12ng/L和53.68～155.24μg/kg。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法对罗汉果及其提取物中甲基托布津与多菌灵的同时测定

应用固相萃取及高效液相色谱技术,建立了同时测定罗汉果及其提取物中甲基托布津和多菌灵残留的方法。罗汉果及其提取物样品经乙腈超声提取后,由弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化,以Zorbax extend-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱为分析柱,乙酸铵水溶液(含乙酸0.5%)-甲醇为流动相,线性梯度淋洗,紫外二极管矩阵检测器检测,波长为270 nm。结果表明,甲基托布津和多菌灵在0.5~15.0 mg.L-1范围内有良好的线性关系,方法的定量下限(S/N=10)分别为0.06、0.1 mg.kg-1,加标回收率为77%~96%,相对标准偏差不大于7.1%。     

固相萃取-HPLC法测定浓缩梨汁中噻菌灵、多菌灵的残留量

研究了一种可同时测定浓缩梨汁中噻菌灵和多菌灵残留量的固相萃取-高效液相色谱分析方法.浓缩梨汁样品与水按一定比例稀释后,经过调pH、离心、过滤,用混合相固相萃取小柱(Mixed-mode SPE)进行提取、净化,用配有二级管阵列检测器(DAD)的液相色谱仪检测,外标法定量.使用噻菌灵和多菌灵对照品进行添加回收率测定,结果显示本方法对噻菌灵的最低检出限为0.020 mg/kg,回收率为80.5%~84.3%;对多菌灵的最低检出限为0.020 mg/kg,回收率为83.2%~92.5%;测定的相对标准偏差均不大于5%.本方法简单、快速、准确,能满足常规噻菌灵和多菌灵残留量检测的需要.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水产品中喹乙醇

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水产品中喹乙醇的方法。匀浆后的水产品试样经甲醇溶液提取、正己烷除脂、固相萃取小柱直接净化浓缩后,以体积分数15%的甲醇溶液作为流动相,流速:1.0 m L/min,采用Symmetryshield TM RP18色谱柱进行分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.02 mg/kg和0.05 mg/kg,浓度在0.05~1.00 mg/L范围内,线性良好(r=0.9999)。添加浓度在0.05~1.00 mg/kg时,不同品种水产品的回收率在78%~99.6%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.7%。方法适合于水产品样品的成批定量检测。     

超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定水、土壤及粪便中25种抗生素

本研究通过超声提取-固相萃取,建立了利用超高效液相色谱/串联质谱同时分析粪便、土壤和水体中25种兽药抗生素的方法,考察了串联SAX小柱对土壤样品和粪便样品的净化效果,以及正己烷提取对粪便样品提取液脱脂的净化效果。实验结果表明:本方法对25种兽药抗生素加标回收率为50.0%~121.9%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~14.7%(n=9);土壤和粪便的方法检出限为0.0002~0.0560μg/kg,水体的方法检出限为0.002~0.28 ng/L;串联SAX强阴离子交换柱后,土壤样品的基质效应降低为75%~160%之间,粪便样品降低为55%~120%之间;粪便样品经正己烷脱脂后,基质效降为55%~120%之间。已将本方法应用于养殖场周边环境介质的检测。     

在线净化/固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饮用水和环境水体中的百草枯和敌草快

建立了在线净化/固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)快速、准确测定饮用水和环境水体中的两种痕量除草剂百草枯和敌草快的方法。样品用大体积自动进样器注入在线净化小柱并流经固相萃取小柱,通过双梯度高效液相色谱系统中的上样泵实现净化和富集后,通过阀切换将固相萃取小柱切换至分析流路中;用分析泵将待测物从富集柱冲洗至分析柱进行测定。上样泵流速和分析泵流速分别为0.7和0.6 mL/min,采用等度洗脱方式完成两种除草剂的分离和检测。检测波长分别为260 nm (百草枯)和311 nm (敌草快),进样体积为2.5 mL,整个分析时间为16 min。该方法在1.0～20 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,两种除草剂的线性相关系数均大于0.9980,检出限分别为0.10和0.12 μg/L(S/N=3)。该方法前处理简单,快速,可用于饮用水和环境水体中痕量除草剂的测定。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱联用测定水果及果酱中的展青霉素

以硅酸镁、硅胶、硅藻土、硫酸钙为原料,加入乙醇研磨成匀浆,干燥,填充于聚丙烯柱管中,制备成新型固相萃取小柱。样品经果胶酶酶解,乙腈提取,固相萃取净化,以C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)为分离色谱柱进行定性、定量分析。流动相为0.8%(体积分数)四氢呋喃水溶液,流速为0.5 mL/min,以276 nm波长进行检测。考察了果胶酶对萃取效果的影响、固相萃取小柱的净化效果及最佳色谱分析条件。在0.1~10 mg/L范围内,展青霉素峰高与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(R~2)为1,方法检出限为10.22μg/kg,样品的加标回收率为86.58%~94.84%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.45%~2.28%。实验结果表明,自制固相萃取小柱净化效果好,超高效液相色谱分离效能高,样品测定操作方法简单,结果准确,对水果制品的质量安全控制具有重要的意义。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定枣中熊果酸和齐墩果酸

采用正交设计方法优化枣中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的提取工艺,并建立熊果酸和齐墩果酸的固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定方法.样品经乙醇提取,减压浓缩,C18固相萃取小柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱方法分离,以甲醇-磷酸盐溶液作流动相,等度洗脱,紫外检测器检测.齐墩果酸和熊果酸在0.01～1.0mg/mL浓度范围内与峰面积线性良好,线性相关系数分别为0.9998和0.9999.样品的平均加标回收率为95.1%～98.8%.方法的检出限为1.0～3.7μg/mL(S/N=3),同一样品测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2.0%(n=7).方法具有简单、快速,灵敏、可靠的特点,适用于枣及枣类产品中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量的测定.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中9种农药残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中9种苯并咪唑类和新烟碱类农药的全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。蜂蜜样品用磷酸盐缓冲液（pH=7.8）溶解，超声提取，经亲水亲脂平衡（hydrophilic-lipophilic balance，HLB）固相萃取小柱净化，氮吹浓缩，定容，过滤膜后进行高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析，采用多反应监测（MRM）模式测定，以内标法定量。结果表明，在0.002~0.05 mg/L范围内9种农药呈现出较好的线性关系（相关系数r² ≥ 0.99），检出限和定量限分别为0.1~1.0 μg/kg和0.3~2.0 μg/kg。对阴性蜂蜜，在5.0、10.0、20.0 μg/kg 3个水平下分别进行加标回收试验，测出9种农药的平均回收率在78.2%~101.2%之间，相对标准偏差为1.3%~14.3%（n=6）。该方法可适用于大批量蜂蜜样品的快速准确测定。     

甘蓝及其土壤中灭幼脲的残留检测与消解动态研究

建立了杀虫剂灭幼脲在甘蓝及其土壤中残留量的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品经提取和固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化后进行测定,灭幼脲的回收率为77.1%~81.6%,变异系数在4.3%~9.7%之间。残留动态研究表明,灭幼脲在甘蓝及其土壤中消解的半衰期分别为4~6 d和15~16 d;以20 g制剂/亩的剂量(最高推荐剂量)施药14d后收获时,甘蓝中最高残留量为0.38 mg/kg,土壤中最高残留量为0.28 mg/kg。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.