钕玻璃发光量子效率的光声测量

建立了一种新的测量钕玻璃中激活离子发光量子效率的光声方法,其原理为通过测量的钕玻璃中Nd~(3+)的两个吸收峰的吸收幅值及光声信号的幅值计算出发光量子效率.所得结果与以前用其它方法估算和测得的结果相符.     

碱性品红光致聚合物薄膜的光致光衍射

本文研究了全息存储实验中以波长532 nm的半导体激光器作为记录和读出光源,碱性品红作为光敏剂的丙烯酰胺基光致聚合物薄膜的光致光衍射现 象.它可以考虑为透过全息干涉条纹的原始入射光和反射光,与来自光聚物中未曝光的不均匀表面和内部的散射光四波混频的结果.根据简并四波混频理论中的位相匹配条件对双光束全息写入时产生的衍射光锥,以及单光束辐照复现时产生的衍射光锥现象分别做出了理论解释;并且利用全息散射理论结合三角学知识对入射光的入射角与衍射光锥的锥角的依赖关系进行了深入讨论. 关键词： 全息 光致聚合物 衍射光锥 碱性品红     

Characterization of structural transitions and lattice dynamics of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite CH_3NH_3PbI_3

By combining temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction(XRD) with temperature-dependent Raman scattering, we have characterized the structural transitions and lattice dynamics of the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite CH_3NH_3PbI_3.The XRD measurements cover distinct phases between 15 K and 370 K and demonstrate a general positive thermal expansion.Clear anomalies are found around the transition temperatures.The temperature evolution of the lattice constants reveals that the transition at 160 K/330 K is of the first-/second-order type.Raman measurements uncover three strong lowfrequency modes, which can be ascribed to the vibration of the Pb/I atoms.The temperature evolution of the modes clearly catches these transitions at 160 K and 330 K, and confirms the transition types, which are exactly consistent with the XRD results.The present study may set an experimental basis to understand the high conversion efficiency in methylammonium lead iodide.     

高压下有机-无机杂化钙钛矿CH_3NH_3PbI_3的结构及光学性质研究

近年来,随着有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池的飞速发展,对此类材料基本物性的探索引起了科学家们的广泛关注.本文利用金刚石对顶砧装置对甲胺基碘化铅(CH_3NH_3PbI_3)进行高压实验,研究了室温下压力诱导CH_3NH_3PbI_3的结构变化以及压力对其光学性质的调控,实验最高压力为7 GPa.原位高压同步辐射X射线衍射实验结果显示,CH_3NH_3PbI_3样品在0.3 GPa由四方相转变为正交相,在4 GPa左右开始非晶化.结合原位高压吸收和荧光光谱,分析了压力对CH_3NH_3PbI_3带隙大小的调控作用.进一步利用原位高压拉曼光谱和红外光谱实验研究了CH_3NH_3PbI_3晶体中有机阳离子(CH_3NH_3~+)在高压下的行为.完全卸压后,样品恢复到加压前的初始状态.研究结果可为深入了解有机-无机杂化钙钛矿的光学性质和结构稳定性提供一些信息.     

MO磁光薄膜的光致局域热研究

以激光照射下TbFeCo四层结构为例,通过体积功率函数g的纵向分布,分析了MO盘片各层的光能吸收情况.借助有限元方法对热扩散方程进行数值运算,给出了多层膜膜体温度的时空分布,分析了各层中的热扩散情况.通过对影响热磁记录的激光功率、激光照射时间和表面热流速率γ等因素的研究,给出了适合研究体系的激光功率、激光照射时间和表面热流速率.旨在通过TbFeCo这一特例的热学分析,为其它的光盘(如DVD-ROM)的热学研究提供借鉴. 关键词：     

泵浦光偏振态的改变对SO/PMMA薄膜光致双折射的影响

在紫外光伴随下,用偏振态分别为s和p的HeNe激光器发出的632.8nm红光(均为10mW)交替激发螺恶嗪掺杂的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂薄膜(SO/PMMA),用532nm的绿光(0.1mW)作为探测光记录光致双折射的动力学过程.实验发现透射信号被周期性调制,而且每次调制的最大值随时间逐渐减小并最终趋于稳定.指出了泵浦过程中的异构动态平衡与取向动态平衡并存的物理机制.     

CH_3NH_3PbBr_3纳米线中束缚激子g因子的各向异性

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料与其他半导体材料相比具有高的缺陷容忍率,在太阳能电池、发光二极管、低阈值激光器等领域有重要的应用前景.通常情况下,钙钛矿材料是通过溶液法合成的,这种方法虽然可以得到性能优异的钙钛矿器件,但同时也会在合成过程中产生大量缺陷.尽管目前在理论和实验上对钙钛矿材料的缺陷做了很多研究,但对单个缺陷附近的束缚激子发光问题的研究较少.本文通过共聚焦显微系统研究了低温(4.2 K)下单根钙钛矿纳米线的荧光光谱,观测到来自于缺陷周围束缚激子的窄线宽和高强度的荧光峰,同时观测到了磁场下的塞曼分裂和抗磁现象,并通过施加矢量磁场发现了束缚激子的g因子存在各向异性.单个束缚态激子的磁光性质的研究为深入理解束缚激子在量子光源以及自旋电子学中的应用提供了依据.     

LiNbO_3:Fe的光致光衍射

本文研究了单光束辐照厂LiNbO_3:Fe的衍射光锥。它可以考虑为入射光束与其晶体后表面反射束及由晶体缺陷所致的散射光束的简并四波混频。光锥的锥角由其位相匹配条件△k=0确定。它可用Ewald球的作图法求解。同时也讨论了一种由时间分辨简并四波混频所产生的衍射光锥。实验结果与理论一致。     

光致电化学法提高垂直结构发光二极管出光效率的研究

研究了在垂直结构发光二极管(VLED)器件中, 光致电化学法(PEC)刻蚀N极性n-GaN的速率受不同刻蚀条件(刻蚀浓度、刻蚀时间和光照强度)的影响. 并选择N极性n-GaN表面含有较理想六角金字塔结构(侧壁角为31°)的样品制成器件, 研究PEC刻蚀对VLED的欧姆接触和光电性能的影响. 结果表明, 与未粗化样品相比, PEC刻蚀后的样品接触电阻率明显降低, 形成更好的欧姆接触; 其电学特性有较好的改善, 光输出功率有明显提高, 在20 mA电流下光输出功率增强了86.1%. 对不同金字塔侧壁角度的光提取效率用时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟, 结果显示光提取效率在侧壁角度为20°– 40°有显著提高, 在23.6° (GaN-空气界面的全反射角)时达到最大.     

Hole blocking PbI2/CH3NH3PbI3 interface

Modulated charge separation across (MO)/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and (MO)/PbI₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MO = TiO₂, MoO₃) interfaces was investigated by surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy. Perovskite layers were deposited by solution‐based one‐step preparation and two‐step preparation methods. An unreacted PbI₂ layer remained at the interface between the metal oxide and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ for two‐step preparation. For the two‐step preparation on TiO₂, the SPV signal related to absorption in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ increased in comparison to the one‐step preparation due to electron transfer from CH₃NH₃PbI₃ via PbI₂ into TiO₂ whereas the SPV signal related to defect transitions decreased. For the one‐step preparation on MoO₃, holes photogenerated in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ recombined with electrons in MoO₃. In contrast, a hole transfer from CH₃NH₃PbI₃ towards MoO₃ was blocked by the PbI₂ interlayer for the two‐step preparation on MoO₃. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Terahertz Vibrational Modes in CH3NH3PbI3 and CsPbI3 Perovskite Films

JETP Letters - Films of CH3NH3PbI3 organometallic perovskite, which is currently considered as a promising basic material for new-generation solar cells, as well as films containing CsPbI3...     

Nonhydrogenic exciton spectrum in perovskite CH3NH3PbI3

The excitons in the orthorhombic phase of the perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ are studied using the effective mass approximation. The electron–hole interaction is screened by a distance‐dependent dielectric function, as described by the Haken potential or the Pollmann–Büttner potential. The energy spectrum and the eigenfunctions are calculated for both cases. The results show that the Pollmann–Büttner model, using the corresponding parameters obtained from ab initio calculations, provides better agreement with the experimental results.

     

CH3NH3I在制备CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx钙钛矿太阳能电池中的作用

利用具有钙钛矿结构的有机-无机杂化卤化物制备的太阳能电池, 由于具有溶液可加工性和高光电转换效率, 受到了广泛关注. 在目前报道的最高光电转换效率的器件中, 采用了CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x碘氯混合钙钛矿作为吸光层, 据报道在这种材料中光电子的扩散长度可以超过1 μm. 本文综述了在CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x方面现有的研究工作, 指出了薄膜制备条件的重要性, 并研究了CH₃NH₃I在PbCl₂/CH₃NH₃I热解法制备CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x吸光层中的作用. 扫描电子显微镜研究表明CH₃NH₃I加入量为PbCl₂的2倍到2.75倍时, CH₃NH₃I加入量的增加可以提高CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x吸光层的覆盖度和结晶度, CH₃NH₃I加入量进一步增加到3倍时, 形貌变化不大. X射线光电子能谱的数据证实了CH₃NH₃I加入量对覆盖度的影响, 并显示在CH₃NH₃I加入量大于PbCl₂的2.5倍以后, CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x中氯的掺入量急剧下降. 光电测试表明器件性能随CH₃NH₃I加入量增加而增加, 在CH₃NH₃I/PbCl₂为3/1时达到最高, 加入量略小于3/1对性能影响不大.     

Enhancing the photo-luminescence stability of CH3NH3PbI3 film with ionic liquids

The methylammonium lead triiodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃)-based perovskite shows a great alluring prospect in areas of solar cells, lasers, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes owing to their excellent optical and electrical advantages. However, it is very sensitive to the surrounding oxygen and moisture, which limits its development seriously. It is urgent to spare no effort to enhance its optical and electrical stability for further application. In this paper, we synthesize the MAPbI₃ perovskite film on the glass substrate with/without the ionic liquid (IL) of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF₄) by a simple two-step sequential solution method. The additive of BMIMBF₄ can improve the quality of crystal structure. Moreover, the photo-luminescence (PL) intensity of MAPbI₃ film with BMIMBF₄ is much stronger than the pure MAPbI₃ film after a week in the air, which is almost ten-fold of the pure one. Meanwhile, under the illumination of 405-nm continuous wave (CW) laser, the fluorescent duration of the MAPbI₃ film with BMIMBF₄ is approximately 2.75 min, while the pure MAPbI₃ film is only about 6 s. In fact, ionic liquid of BMIMBF₄ in the perovskite film plays a role of passivation, which prevents the dissolution of MAPbI₃ into CH₃NH₃ and PbI₂ and thus enhances the stability of environment. In addition, the ionic liquid of BMIMBF₄ possesses high ionic conductivity, which accelerates the electron transport, so it is beneficial for the perovskite film in the areas of solar cells, photodetectors, and lasers. This interesting experiment provides a promising way to develop the perovskite's further application.     

Emission properties of sequentially deposited ultrathin CH3NH3PbI3/MoS2 heterostructures

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials have obtained considerable attention due to their exotic optoelectronic properties and extraordinarily high performance in photovoltaic devices. Herein, we successively converted the ultrathin PbI₂/MoS₂ into the CH₃NH₃PbI₃/MoS₂ heterostructures via CH₃NH₃I vapor processing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)、Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements prove the high-quality of the converted CH₃NH₃PbI₃/MoS₂. Both MoS₂ and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ related photoluminescence (PL) intensity quenching in CH₃NH₃PbI₃/MoS₂ implies a Type-II energy level alignment at the interface. Temperature-dependent PL measurements show that the emission peak position shifting trend of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ is opposite to that of MoS₂ (traditional semiconductors) due to the thermal expansion and electron-phonon coupling effects. The CH₃NH₃PbI₃/TMDC heterostructures are useful in fabricating innovative devices for wider optoelectronic applications.     

Anisotropy of Magnetic Properties in Single Crystals of CH3NH3PbI3 Hybrid Perovskites

JETP Letters - Hybrid metal-organic CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites are promising materials for photovoltaics and optoelectronics, and the recently discovered magnetic and electrical ordering in them...     

Sonochemical synthesis of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite ultrafine nanocrystal sensitizers for solar energy applications

The organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ is becoming an interesting material in the field of energy harvesting. This material is one of the cleanest and cheapest components in solar cells which is available in ample amounts. However, most of the previous research work was done on thin film of this material. In the present work we describe the preparation of a powder containing nanoparticles of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ using a sonochemical method. Characterization of the product was done by various methods, such as HRTEM, FTIR, PL, DLS and XRD. The particles were found to be highly crystalline (tetragonal crystal structure), polygonal in shape and having diameters of 10–40 nm.     

High efficiency ETM-free perovskite cell composed of CuSCN and increasing gradient CH3NH3PbI3

To enhance device performance and reduce fabrication cost,a series of electron transporting material(ETM)-free perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is developed by TCAD Atlas.The accuracy of the physical mode of PSCs is verified,due to the simulations of PEDOT:PSS-CH₃NH₃PbI₃-PCBM and CuSCN-CH₃NH₃PbI₃-PCBM p-i-n PSCs showing a good agreement with experimental results.Different hole transporting materials(HTMs)are selected and directly combined with n-CH₃NH₃PbI₃,and the CuSCN-CH₃NH₃PbI₃ is the best in these ETM-free PSCs.To further study the CuSCN-CH₃NH₃PbI₃ PSC,the influences of back electrode material,gradient band gap,thickness,doping concentration,and bulk defect density on the performance are investigated.Energy band and distribution of electric field are utilized to optimize the design.As a result,the efficiency of CuSCN-CH₃NH₃PbI₃ PSC is achieved to be 26.64%.This study provides the guideline for designing and improving the performances of ETM-free PSCs.     

Ultrasonically sprayed-on perovskite solar cells-effects of organic cation on defect formation of CH3NH3PbI3 films

Methylammonium lead iodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) based perovskite having low degrees of the disorder is of great interest for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. In this work, a layer of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ was successfully prepared using an ultrasonically sprayed-nebulous method. Changes in structural and optical properties alongside with photo-induced charge separation and transportation behavior were systematically studied. The surface photovoltage spectra reveal a significant reduction of the density of deep defect states as the organic content was increased. It was observed that the measured values of Urbach energies decrease from 33.36 to 28.24 meV as the amount of organic content was increased to an optimum value. The best perovskite solar cells obtained using the sprayed-on approach exhibited a J_sc of 16.54 mA/cm², a V_oc of 0.99 V, and a FF of 62.4, resulting in an overall PCE of 10.09%.