过氧化氢在黄铁矿的溶解过程中对铼-锇信号强度及年龄的影响

对黄铁矿在高温高压密闭的Carius管溶解过程中出现的黄色沉淀物进行了定性研究。在黄铁矿中加入少量的辉钼矿及185Re和190Os混合稀释剂,在常规的逆王水溶矿过程中加入适量H2O2,用ICP-MS检测,研究了H2O2对Re、Os信号强度变化及同位素交换平衡产生的影响。结果表明,在黄铁矿溶解过程中出现的黄色沉淀物为羟基硫酸铁(FeOHSO4)而不是单质硫,它是由于密闭的Carius管内氧化性不够而生成的。H2O2的加入对ICP-MS测定Re信号强度没有影响,而对Os则有显著的改善,但这种改善并未影响到加入的185Re和190Os稀释剂与样品中的Re和Os达到同位素交换平衡,因而也不影响到样品的Re、Os含量及最终的Re-Os同位素年龄计算。     

铼-锇测年法中锇的化学行为的研究

本文研究了不同介质中Os的价态变化和蒸馏过程以及等离于体质谱(ICP/MS)测定中的同位素分馏现象。用水吸收蒸馏出的OsO_4可使Os的ICP/MS测量灵敏度提高到50倍.在此基础上建立了辉钼矿的Re-Os测年法。测得的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄符合地质背景,并与其它传统测年法的结果一致。     

用无同位素载体放射化学分离活化分析法测定~(184)Os/~(190)Os 比值

一、引言利用四氧化锇的高度挥发性,在氧化体系中蒸馏出锇,是一种经典的化学分离方法。然而,在无载体条件下,实现超痕量锇的分离,还未见报导。元素锇的行为在宇宙化学的研究中具有重要意义,在实际工作中,常希望测定用普通质谱法无法测定的~(184)Os/~(190)Os之比值;而且,由于样品珍贵,同一份样品要供几种方法检验,因此,不希望在分析后改变样品原始的同位素组成,鉴于这种考虑,我们尝试用无同位素载体的放化分离活化分析法来研究这两种来自不同核合成过程的产物之丰度比。     

丽春红G-高碘酸钾催化光度法测定痕量锇

以Os(Ⅳ )催化高碘酸钾氧化丽春红G(PG)的褪色反应为基础 ,在 90℃加热 1 2min和 5 0 0nm波长处采用固定时间法测定丽春红G吸收值的降低 ,建立了测定痕量锇 (Ⅳ )的新方法。锇 (Ⅳ )的质量浓度在 0～ 0 48μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,检出限为 6 2× 1 0 - 9mg/L。对 0 4μg/L锇 (Ⅳ )测定的相对标准偏差为 0 71 % (n =1 1 )。催化反应对Os(Ⅳ )和丽春红G均为一级反应 ,催化反应的表观活化能为 78 80kJ/mol。所提出的方法在蒸馏分离后已应用于某些岩矿及冶金产品中锇的测定     

海水中溶解态硝酸盐的氮同位素分析的预处理方法

建立了一套适合海水中溶解态硝酸盐的氮同位素分析的预处理方法.以蒸馏为基础,先去除海水样品中的NO-2-N和NH+4-N,然后加入达氏合金将海水样品中的NO-3-N还原为NH+4-N,并通过蒸馏富集,馏出液用沸石吸附后,经过滤等步骤,送入同位素质谱仪检测15N.研究了预处理过程中的蒸馏条件、盐度影响、沸石吸附效率以及大体积水样预处理方法的改进等.结果表明,每300 mL水样中加入0.5 g达氏合金在强碱性条件下蒸馏30 min,氮回收率平均可达(104.9±4.2)%(n=6);当盐度从0%增加至0.5%时,同位素分馏程度迅速减小盐度再增大时(1%～3.5%),同位素分馏变化不明显.沸石对铵氮的平均吸附率较高,约为(95.96±1.08)%(n=6);处理大体积水样时多次蒸馏并改进了馏出液的收集方式,实验效果较好.应用此方法对长江口海域水样进行了分析,结果表明,这一方法可以应用于海水中溶解态硝酸盐的氮同位素分析,为海水中溶解态氮的来源问题及循环机理研究等提供了有效信息.     

三联吡啶锇Os(Ⅱ)配合物为光敏剂的二元铁氢化酶模拟化合物的合成及其光物理过程

合成了以三联吡啶锇Os(Ⅱ)配合物为光敏剂的PS-Fe₂S₂型模拟铁氢化酶分子光催化剂1a及其分子间光催化模型化合物1b和2, 研究了配合物1a和1b的吸收光谱, 发光光谱及电化学性质. 配合物1a和1b均表现出三联吡啶锇Os(Ⅱ)配合物的MLCT吸收峰; 与不含Fe₂S₂基团的配合物1b相比, 在配合物1a中三联吡啶锇Os(Ⅱ)配合物单元的发光被明显猝灭, 猝灭程度为92%. 而在同样浓度下, 配合物1b与2组成的分子间体系中三联吡啶锇Os(Ⅱ)配合物的发光仅被猝灭了4%. 通过Rehm-Weller方程计算得出由三联吡啶锇Os(Ⅱ)配合物单元到Fe₂S₂活性中心的光致电子转移自由能为正, 表明分子内1a和分子间1b+2体系均不能发生光致电子转移, 体系发光猝灭的原因是三联吡啶锇Os(Ⅱ)配合物³MLCT激发态与铁氢化酶模拟活性中心Fe₂S₂的能量转移.     

186Os和188Os双同位素溶液的制备及其中Os同位素丰度与含量的标定

在核反应堆中辐照高纯铼金属带,     

高碘酸盐氧化耐尔蓝动力学光度法测定锇

在硫酸介质和热水浴中 ,Os( )对高碘酸盐氧化耐尔蓝有催化作用。研究了反应速率对酸度、浓度、温度和离子强度的依赖关系 ,采用 0 .0 1 0mol/ L硫酸 ,反应的灵敏度随温度升高而增大 ,反应速率对反应混合物的离子强度依赖较小。线性范围为 0～ 0 .2 5μg/ 2 5m L;检出限为 8.0 2× 1 0 -5 μg/ m L;对质量浓度为 0 .1 0 μg/ 2 5m L 的 Os( )测定的相对标准偏差为 1 .0 2 % ( n=1 1 ) ;导出了催化反应的动力学方程 ;探讨了反应机理。4 0 0倍量以上常见金属离子不干扰锇的测定 ,1 0倍量以上的 Ru( )、Fe3 +有干扰。本法已用于贵金属冶金样品中锇的测定。     

TEA-CO_2激光多光子解离2,2-二氯1,1,1-三氟乙烷分离氢氘同位素

本工作从CF_2ClCCl_2F经AlCl_3催化重排、铜粉催化与三乙醇胺反应得到CF_3CHCl_2。经与重水交换得到CF_3CDCl_2(D丰度93.5％),二者红外光谱有很大差别,前者在842cm~(-1)处有强吸收;后者在842cm~(-1)的吸收大为减弱,而在944cm~(-2)、986cm~(-1)出现C-D键的强吸收。944cm~(-1)处的吸收恰与CO_2激光器输出P(20)支线相匹配,致使激光一次脉冲(～3焦耳/脉冲)的照射,可分解8.9％(CF_3CDCl_2压力为9.6乇),而CF_3CHCl_2的吸收与CO_2激光器输出波长不匹配,辐照不引起分解。利用此原理,将人工配制CF_3CHCl_2:CF_3CDC1_2=4:1的2乇样品,用激光辐照,可选择性分解CF_3CDCl_2,达到同位素富集的效果。目前已获得辐照100次脉冲,分离因数     

含BF配体的锇羰基化合物Os(BF)(CO)_n(n=4,3)和Os_2(BF)_2(CO)_n(n=7,6,5,4)稳定性的理论研究

采用MPW1PW91和BP86 2种密度泛函方法对中性单核锇羰基化合物Os(BF)(CO)n(n=4,3)及双核锇羰基化合物Os2(BF)2(CO)n(n=7,6,5,4)进行理论计算研究,优化得到22个低能异构体.研究发现,单核配位饱和Os(BF)(CO)4的能量最低的异构体对称性为C2v,其BF基团在三角双锥赤道面上.该异构体失去1个赤道面上的CO可得到Os(BF)(CO)3的能量最低异构体.单核Os(BF)(CO)n(n=4,3)的能量最低异构体的BF基团都位于配体三角双锥及缺顶点结构的赤道面上.配位饱和双核Os2(BF)2(CO)7有4个能量接近的异构体,其中能量最低的异构体结构中含有2个呈蝶形的桥配位BF基团.配位不饱和的Os2(BF)2(CO)6的2个能量接近的异构体结构相似,2个桥配位BF基团与2个Os原子构成平行四边形结构单元.配位不饱和的Os2(BF)2(CO)5和Os2(BF)2(CO)4的能量最低异构体都含有由2个桥配位BF基团与2个Os原子构成的平行四边形结构单元.双核Os2(BF)2(CO)n(n=7,6,5,4)能量最低异构体的BF基团都以桥配位形式和Os原子相连.离解能研究表明,单核配位饱和的Os(BF)(CO)4具有一定的热力学稳定性.双核的Os2(BF)2(CO)n(n=7,6)失去1个CO或者分裂为单核的Os(BF)(CO)4或Os(BF)(CO)3所需能量较高,表明其具有一定的热力学稳定性.     

Determination of (187)Os in molybdenite by ICP-MS with neutron-induced (186)Os and (188)Os spikes

The article describes a method for the determination of (187)Os in molybdenite by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) with neutron-induced (186)Os and (188)Os spike. The spike used in the present work was prepared in line with the principle by which artificial nuclides are produced in a nuclear reaction. The concentration and isotopic composition of osmium in the prepared spike were evaluated accurately with the isotope dilution method, using negative thermal ion mass spectrometry (N-TIMS). The advantage of this method is that using (186)Os and (188)Os double spikes can effectively compensate for the mass discrimination effects of ICP-MS. Thus, the common correction practice for mass bias in the isotope dilution method with a single spike is unnecessary. In addition, the method enables one to reduce the determined error arising from instrumental instability. The precision for the (187)Os/((186)Os+(188)Os) ratio was approximately 2% (2sigma, RSD), but in the case of (187)Os/(186)Os, (187)Os/(188)Os and (186)Os/(188)Os, precision ranged from 2.0 to 8% (2sigma, RSD). The results for (187)Os concentration in a molybdenite sample determined with this method showed good agreement with reference values.     

Examination of Pt(111)/Ru and Pt(111)/Os surfaces: STM imaging and methanol oxidation activity

Ruthenium and osmium were deposited in submonolayer amounts on Pt(111) single crystal surfaces using the previously reported ‘spontaneous deposition’ procedure [Chrzanowski et al., Langmuir, 13 (1997) 5974]. Such surfaces were first explored using ex situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to image the deposition characteristics of ruthenium and osmium islands on Pt(111). It was found that, using the spontaneous deposition procedure, a maximum coverage of 0.20 ML ruthenium is formed on the surface after 120 s of exposure to a RuCl₃ solution in 0.1 M HClO₄. A homogeneous deposition on the Pt(111) surface was found, with no observed preferential deposition on step edges or surface defect sites. In contrast, in the spontaneous deposition of osmium, osmium clusters form preferentially at, though not limited to, surface defect sites and step edges. Osmium island deposition occurs at a greater rate than ruthenium on Pt(111), and possible explanations are presented. Methanol activity on the Pt(111)/Ru and Pt(111)/Os surfaces is also studied, using the coverage values determined to yield the highest activity for methanol electro-oxidation (0.20 ML coverage for Ru and 0.15 ML for Os). At potentials more negative than 0.40 V vs. RHE, the Pt(111)/Ru surface yields a higher surface activity than Pt(111)/Os. However, at potentials more positive than 0.04 V, Pt(111)/Os exhibits demonstrably higher surface activity. The relevance of this data is discussed and future avenues of interest are indicated.     

Voltammetry of Os(VI)‐Modified Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides (PSs), such as dextran, yeast mannan, starch and amylose, were modified with complexes of six‐valent osmium with nitrogen ligands [Os(VI)L] and voltammetric behavior of PS‐Os(VI)L adducts was studied at mercury and carbon electrodes. Using Os(VI)temed as a modification agent and adsorptive transfer stripping (ex situ) method it was possible to determine PSs at submicromolar concentrations directly in the reaction mixture in an excess of monomeric glucose or sucrose both at Hg and carbon electrodes. Conventional (in situ) PS determination in the reaction mixture was possible only with mercury electrodes. The above methods have great potentiality in biological research.     

Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Tetraphenylphosphonium-Aquabis(tetrasulfido)thionitrosyl-Osmat,PPh4[Os(NS)(S4)2(H2O)]

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tetraphenylphosphonium Aqua-bis(tetrasulfido)thionitrosyl Osmate, PPh₄[Os(NS)(S₄)₂(H₂O)] PPh₄[Os(NS)(S₄)₂(H₂O)] has been prepared as redbrown crystals by reacting PPh₄[OsNCl₄] with a solution of excess disodium tetrasulfide in dimethylformamide/H₂O and characterized by IR spectroscopy and by a crystal structure determination. Space group P2₁/n, Z = 4, structure solution with 4162 independent reflections, R = 0.059 for reflections with I > 2σ(I). Lattice dimensions at ?40°C: a = 1138.9(5), b = 1301.4(4), c = 2092.7(7) pm, β = 104.74(3)º. Os? N, Os? O, and Os? S distances are 175.2(12), 219.8(12), and 237.5(4)?239.1(4) pm, respectively. The Os?N?S moiety is approximately linear, with an OsNS angle of 171.2(7)º.     

偶氮氯膦-mA-锇-高碘酸钾催化光度法测定微量锇

在碱性介质中,锇（Ⅳ）对KIO4氧化偶氮氯膦－mA的褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此建立了催化光度法测定微量锇（Ⅳ）的新方法,并用正交实验设计对反应条件进行了优化。方法的检测限为2．0μg/L。锇（Ⅳ）含量在7．0－25．0μg/L范围内服从比尔定律。此方法已用于贵金属精矿和二次合金中微量锇的测定,相对误差均为0．9％,回收率在95．38％－106．0％之间。     

Enhanced sensitivity for Os isotope ratios by magnetic sector ICP-MS with a capacitive decoupling Pt guard electrode

A magnetic sector ICP-MS with enhanced sensitivity was used to measure Os isotope ratios in solutions of low Os concentration (approximately 1 ng g(-1) or less). Ratios with 192Os as the basis were determined, while the geologically useful 187Os/188Os ratio was also measured. Sample introduction was via the traditional nebuliser-spray chamber method. A capacitive decoupling Pt shield torch was developed "in-house" and was found to increase Os signals by approximately 5 x under "moderate" plasma conditions (1050 W) over that found during normal operation (1250 W). Sensitivity using the guard electrode for 192Os was approximately 250-350,000 counts s(-1) per ng g(-1) Os. For a I ng g(-1) Os solution with no guard electrode, precisions of the order of 0.2-0.3% (189Os/192Os and 190Os/192Os) to approximately 1% or greater (186Os/192Os, 187Os/192Os and 187Os/188Os) were found (values as 1 sigma for n = 10). With the guard electrode in use, ratio precisions were found to improve to 0.2 to 0.8%. The total amount of Os used in the acquisition of this data was approximately 2.5 ng per measurement per replicate. At the higher concentration of 10 ng g(-1), precisions of the order of 0.15-0.3% were measured (for all ratios), irrespective of whether the shield torch was used. Ratio accuracy was confirmed by comparison with independently obtained NTIMS data. For both Os concentrations considered, the improvement in precision offered by the guard electrode (if any) was small in comparison to calculated theoretical values based on Poisson counting statistics, suggesting noise contributions from other sources (such as the sample introduction system, plasma flicker etc). At lower Os concentrations (to 100 pg g(-1)) no appreciable loss of ratio accuracy was observed, although as expected based on counting statistics, poorer precisions of the order of 0.45-3% (1 sigma, n = 5) were noted. Re was found to have a detrimental effect on the precision of Os ratios involving 187Os, indicating that separation of Re and Os samples is a necessary pre-requisite for highly accurate and precise Os isotope ratio measurements.     

Synthesis and Catalytic Studies of Uniform Os &; Os–Pd Nanoparticles Supported on MWNTs

Os and Os–Pd nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared by vacuum pyrolysis at 573 K using the [Os₃CO₁₀(NCMe)₂] and [Pd(acac)₂] as precursors. The nanoparticles prepared showed a narrow size distribution (Os: 1.8 nm; Os–Pd: 4.3 nm) and were decorated evenly on the surface of the nanotubes. By controlling the metal-to-nanotube ratio, Os nanotubes were prepared using the carbon nanotubes as a template. The catalysis of Os–Pd nanoparticles towards CVD carbon nanotube synthesis was studied. Dedicated to Professor Gunther Schmid on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

Ru and Os complexes containing a P,N-donor heterotopic ligand: the effect of solvent on stereochemistry

Ruthenium and osmium complexes of the general formula MCl 2(PyP) 2 (where PyP is the P,N- donor ligand 1-(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)pyrazole) were synthesized from MCl 2(PPh 3) 3 (where M = Ru or Os). Three of the five possible stereoisomers of RuCl 2(PyP) 2 were synthesized and characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of these in the solid state was determined by X-ray crystallography. Two of the analogous Os isomers were also synthesized. It was found that different solvents induced isomerization between these stereoisomers, indicating either lability of the chloride anion or hemilability of the PyP ligand. Bimetallic complexes of the general formula [Ru(mu-Cl)(PyP) 2] 2[X] 2 were synthesized from chloride abstraction from RuCl 2(PyP) 2 using either silver (X = OSO 2CF 3, BF 4) or sodium (X = BPh 4) salts. The osmium analogue of the Ru bimetallic complexes, [Os(mu-Cl)(PyP) 2] 2[BPh 4] 2, was also synthesized. Solid-state structures were obtained using X-ray crystallography for the osmium bimetallic complex and the ruthenium bimetallic complex where X = OSO 2CF 3. The hemilability of PyP was demonstrated through the synthesis of RuCl 2(CO)(kappa (1)- P-PyP)(kappa (2)- P, N-PyP), which contains one pendant PyP ligand, bound through the P-donor atom.     

Studies on the separation of osmium by flotation and spectrophotometric determination with Crystal Violet and Malachite Green

A solvent flotation technique was used for the separation of osmium from aqueous solutions in the form of the ion associates of the anionic complexes OsCl^2?₆ and OsCl₂(SnCl₃)^2?₂ with two basic dyes, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green. A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of osmium based on the system osmium-tin(II) chloride—Crystal Violet—cyclohexane (?=2 × 10⁵ l mol^?1 cm^?1) was developed. Aqueous acetone solutions of the ion associate examined obey Beer's law in the range 0.04–1.0 μg Os ml^?1. The relative standard deviation is 1–6%. Ruthenium interferes with the determination of osmium.     

Structure of tetracarbonylethyleneosmium: ethylene structure changes upon complex formation

Rotational spectra of seven isotopomers of tetracarbonylethyleneosmium, Os(CO)4(eta2-C2H4), were measured in the 4-12 GHz range using a Flygare-Balle-type pulsed-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer system. Olefin-transition metal complexes of this type occur extensively in recent organic syntheses and serve as important models for transition states in the metal-mediated transformations of alkenes. Three osmium ((192)Os, (190)Os, and (188)Os) and three unique 13C isotopomers (13C in ethylene, axial, and equatorial positions) were observed in natural abundance. Additional spectra were measured for a perdeuterated sample, Os(CO)4(eta2-C2D4). The measured rotational constants for the main osmium isotopomer ((192)Os) are A = 929.3256(6), B = 755.1707(3), and C = 752.7446(3) MHz, indicating a near-prolate asymmetric top molecule. The approximately 140 assigned b-type transitions were fit using a Watson S-reduced Hamiltonian including A, B, C, and five centrifugal distortion constants. A near-complete r0 gas-phase structure has been determined from a least-squares structural fit using eight adjustable structural parameters to fit the 21 measured rotational constants. Changes in the structure of ethylene on coordination to Os(CO)4 are large and well-determined. For the complex, the experimental ethylene C-C bond length is 1.432(5) A, which falls between the free ethylene value of 1.3391(13) A and the ethane value of 1.534(2) A. The angle between the plane of the CH2 group and the extended ethylene C-C bond ( angleout-of-plane) is 26.0(3) degrees , indicating that this complex is better described as a metallacyclopropane than as a pi-bonded olefin-metal complex. The Os-C-C-H dihedral angle is 106.7(2) degrees , indicating that the ethylene carbon atoms have near sp3 character in the complex. Kraitchman analysis of the available rotational constants gave principal axis coordinates for the carbon and hydrogen atoms in excellent agreement with the least-squares fit results. The new results on this osmium complex are compared with earlier work on the similar complex, tetracarbonylethyleneiron (Fe(CO)4(eta2-C2H4)). The ethylene structural changes upon coordination to the metal are found to be larger for the ethylene-osmium complex than for the analogous ethylene-iron complex, consistent with the expected greater pi donation for the osmium atom.