用异丙肾上腺素检定[Fe(CN)6]3-

将医用药物异丙肾上腺素引入分析化学作新显色剂,报道了异丙肾上腺素与[Fe(CN)6]3-进行显色反应的最佳条件、灵敏度、选择性和允许共存比.建立了微量的[Fe(CN)6]3-简便检定新方法,检出限为0.055μg,稀释限为14.5×106.     

应用Fe2+与K3[Fe(CN)6]反应测定还原性物质Vc

在pH 2～3的溶液中,低浓度Fe^2＋与K3[Fe（CN）6]反应产生的蓝色沉淀为近似真溶液,最大吸收波长为710 nm.形成的近似真溶液吸光度随静置时间变化而逐渐变大,30 min后吸光度变化缓慢.K3[Fe（CN）6]过量时,Fe^2＋浓度与吸光度呈很好的线性关系.Fe^2＋浓度较大时,易形成絮状沉淀.在pH 2～3的Fe^3＋-K3[Fe（CN）6]体系中,加入Vc能将Fe^3＋还原成Fe^2＋,进而与K3[Fe（CN）6]反应,30 min后测定蓝色拟真溶液的吸光度,Vc的量与溶液的吸光度同样有很好的线性关系,线性相关系数R〉0.999,检出限为0.94μg.     

Mossbauer study of reactions of Sn[Fe(CN)_6] on supports

Mossbauer spectroscopy has been applied to the investigation of reaction of Sn[Fe(CN)6] on magnesia, 7-alumina, silica and activated carbon. It was found that the thermal decomposition products of supported Sn[Fe(CN)6] are quite different from those of the unsupported one as a result of the interaction between the complex and supports. The supports could promote the oxidation in the air atmosphere and their effect led to high dispersion of the decomposition products on the surface.     

碱性电解液中K3[Fe(CN)6]在锌阳极上的自发还原和吸附延长锌镍电池的循环寿命

采用K₃[Fe(CN)₆]作为锌镍电池的电解液添加剂,克服了锌阳极的变形。此外,通过一系列实验设计和表征,探索了电解液中金属锌与K₃[Fe(CN)₆]的反应机理。通过XRD (X-ray diffraction)和XPS (X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy)测试,我们发现金属锌在KOH水溶液中能够与K₃[Fe(CN)₆]反应,将[Fe(CN)₆]^3–还原为[Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻。添加K₃[Fe(CN)₆]的锌镍电池实现了更长的循环寿命,比不添加K₃[Fe(CN)₆]的锌镍电池长3倍以上。在相同循环次数下,改性电解质中锌阳极循环不仅形状变化较小,而且没有出现“死”锌现象,电极添加剂和粘结剂也没有发生偏析。此外,不同于一般的有机添加剂,K₃[Fe(CN)₆]的加入不仅不会增大电极的极化,还能够提高锌镍电池的放电容量和倍率性能。因此,考虑到这一改性策略有着较高的可行性和较低的成本,K₃[Fe(CN)₆]添加剂在锌镍电池的实际应用中具有极大的推广潜力。     

碱性电解液中K3[Fe(CN)6]在锌阳极上的自发还原和吸附延长锌镍电池的循环寿命

In view of the continuously worsening environmental problems, fossil fuels will not be able to support the development of human life in the future. Hence, it is of great importance to work on the efficient utilization of cleaner energy resources. In this case, cheap, reliable, and eco-friendly grid-scale energy storage systems can play a key role in optimizing our energy usage. When compared with lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries, the excellent safety, environmental benignity, and low toxicity of aqueous Zn-based batteries make them competitive in the context of large-scale energy storage. Among the various Zn-based batteries, due to a high open-circuit voltage and excellent rate performance, Zn-Ni batteries have great potential in practical applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic obstacles associated with the use of Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes, such as dendrite, shape change, passivation, and corrosion, limit their commercial application. Hence, we have focused our current efforts on inhibiting the corrosion and dissolution of Zn species. Based on a previous study from our research group, the failure of the Zn-Ni battery was caused by the shape change of the Zn anode, which stemmed from the dissolution of Zn and uneven current distribution on the anode. Therefore, for the current study, we selected K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as an electrolyte additive that would help minimize the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode. In the alkaline electrolyte, [Fe(CN)₆]^3– was reduced to [Fe(CN)₆]^4– by the metallic Zn present in the Zn-Ni battery. Owing to its low solubility in the electrolyte, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] adhered to the active Zn anode, thereby inhibiting the aggregation and corrosion of Zn. Ultimately, the shape change of the anode was effectively eliminated, which improved the cycling life of the Zn-Ni battery by more than three times (i.e., from 124 cycles to more than 423 cycles). As for capacity retention, the Zn-Ni battery with the pristine electrolyte only exhibited 40% capacity retention after 85 cycles, while the Zn-Ni battery with the modified electrolyte (i.e., containing K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) showed 72% capacity retention. Moreover, unlike conventional organic additives that increase electrode polarization, the addition of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] not only significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance in a simplified three-electrode system, but also improved the discharge capacity and rate performance of the Zn-Ni battery. Importantly, considering that this strategy was easy to achieve and minimized additional costs, K₃[Fe(CN)₆], as an electrolyte additive with almost no negative effect, has tremendous potential in commercial Zn-Ni batteries.     

基于铁氰化钾电子媒介体及醛基吡啶盐的电化学免疫传感器

采用聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)将铁氰化钾电子媒介体固定在电极表面,构建免标记的电化学免疫传感器. 醛基吡啶盐不仅作为基底物质直接固定抗体,还可以很好地增强电极表面的导电性能. 将构建的传感器用于肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白的检测. 其线性范围为0.01-20 ng·mL^-1,检测下限为0.004 ng·mL^-1（3 S/N）. 此传感器的构建简单方便、无标记、特异性好,为甲胎蛋白及其他肿瘤标志物提供了新的检测方法.     

4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚-铁氰化钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系的研究

基于4 (2 吡啶偶氮) 间苯二酚(PAR)在碱性条件下催化铁氰化钾 鲁米诺体系产生很强的化学发光的原理,对影响PAR发光的条件进行了优化选择,得出该体系下PAR的相对标准偏差为2.7%,线性范围为1.0×10-5～1.0×10-7mol·L-1;检出限为5.7×10-8mol·L-1。利用PAR对许多金属离子的络合性,得出测定某些金属离子的检出限。并同时建立了测定PAR的化学发光新方法。     

基于环蕃类分子的铁氰化钾电化学存储和释放

通过利用合成的环蕃类化合物1与单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)间的π-π共轭相互作用,将化合物1固定在SWNTs的表面,制备了1-SWNT修饰电极.利用化合物1氧化态和还原态与铁氰化钾分子之间不同强度的主客体相互作用,实现了铁氰化钾分子在1-SWNT修饰电极表面的电化学可控吸附和解吸.循环伏安和XPS实验结果表明,在本研究采用的实验条件下,铁氰化钾分子在电极表面20s内即可达到吸附平衡;当电极在0.70V下极化1000s后,大多数吸附的铁氰化钾可从电极表面解吸.基于此,制备了铁氰化钾的可控存储和释放的电化学器件,该器件不但可以重复进行铁氰化钾分子的存储和释放,而且多次重复操作表现出较好的稳定性和重现性.本研究在发展具有特殊用途的电化学纳米器件,例如分子搬运器、电化学开关等研究中具有重要意义.     

掠射椭偏术对K_4〔Fe(CN)_6〕/K_3〔Fe(CN)_6〕电极反应的研究

提出掠射椭圆偏振测试技术的实验方案,应用该掠射式技术结合循环伏安法研究了在镀有Ｉｎ２Ｏ３玻璃片上进行的Ｋ４〔Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６〕／Ｋ３〔Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６〕电极反应．结果证明：掠射椭圆偏振术可在电化学反应过程中现场测定椭圆偏振参数及其变化规律,这些规律与所发生的表面电化学反应规律相对应,由此可以对电极体系进行研究;现场掠射椭圆偏振术还能用于分析表面扩散层的性质,弥补其它界面研究方法的缺陷．     

Palladium‐catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl halides using K4[Fe(CN)6] as non‐toxic source of cyanide under microwave irradiation

An efficient method for preparation of aryl nitriles—using [Pd{C₆H₂(CH₂CH₂ NH₂)‐(OMe)₂,3,4} (µ‐Br)]₂ complex as an efficient catalyst and K₄[Fe(CN)₆] as a green cyanide source—from aryl bromides, aryl iodides and aryl chlorides under microwave irradiation has been reported. This complex has been demonstrated to be an active and efficient catalyst for this reaction. Using a catalytic amount of this synthesized palladium complex in DMF at 130 °C led to production of the cyanoarenes in excellent yields in short reaction times. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簇合物[Fe（DMF）6][W2S6]的合成,结构和性能研究

以(NH_4)_2WS_4、FeCl_3和NaS_2CNC_5H_(10)为原料,合成出[Fe(DMF)_6][W_2S_6]簇合物,用X射线衍射法测定了晶胞结构.其晶胞参数为a=0.8778(1)nm,b=0.9467(3)nm,c=1.1362(6)nm,α=71.506(1)°,β=74.775(2)°,γ=74.775(2)°,ν=0.84806nm~3,Z=1.晶体结构经块矩阵最小二乘法精修后,最终偏离因子R=0.0811.此外还进行了红外光谱、紫外可见光谱的测定.     

Resonance Rayleigh scattering, second-order scattering and frequency doubling scattering methods for the indirect determination of penicillin antibiotics based on the formation of Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 nanoparticles

Under the HCl solution and heating condition, penicillin antibiotics such as amoxicillin (AMO), ampicillin (AMP), sodium cloxacillin (CLO), sodium carbenicillin (CAR) and sodium benzylpenicillin (BEN) could react with Fe(III) to produce Fe(II) which further reacted with Fe(CN)₆³⁻ to form a Fe₃[Fe(CN)₆]₂ complex. By virtue of hydrophobic force and Van der Waals force, the complex aggregated to form Fe₃[Fe(CN)₆]₂ nanoparticles with an average diameter of 45 nm. This resulted in a significant enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and non-linear scattering such as second-order scattering (SOS) and frequency doubling scattering (FDS). The increments of scattering intensity (ΔI) were directly proportional to the concentrations of the antibiotics in a certain range. The detection limits for the five penicillin antibiotics were 2.9–6.1 ng ml⁻¹ for RRS method, 4.0–6.8 ng ml⁻¹ for SOS method and 7.4–16.2 ng ml⁻¹ for FDS method, respectively. Among them, the RRS method exhibited the highest sensitivity and the AMO system was more sensitive than other antibiotics systems. Based on the above researches, a new highly sensitive and simple method for the indirect determination of penicillin antibiotics has been developed. It can be applied to the determination of penicillin antibiotics in capsule, tablet, human serum and urine samples. In this work, the spectral characteristics of absorption, RRS, SOS and FDS spectra, the optimum conditions of the reaction and the influencing factors were investigated. In addition, the reaction mechanism was discussed.     

亚铁氰化钾体系的掠射椭圆偏振技术谱学分析研究

应用掠射式椭圆偏振谱学方法和循环伏安法现场分析不同浓度Ｋ４「Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６」不同浓度电解液在镀Ｉｎ２Ｏ３玻璃电极上进行的电化学反应，结果表明：当Ｋ５「Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６」的浓度在１×１０＾－４－１×１０＾－３范围蛤，掠射式椭圆偏振参量Δ的峰值增量与其浓度成正比，而ψ的峰值增量与其浓度近似为指数关系。     

Ferrocenyl Ionic Compounds Containing [Fe(CN)6]3– Anions: Synthesis,Characterization, and Catalytic Effects during Combustion

Twenty‐eight novel ferrocenyl ionic compounds, composed of mononuclear 1‐ferrocenylmethylalkyldimethylammoniums, 1‐ferrocenylmethyl‐3‐alkylimidazoliums, or their dinuclear analogs and [Fe(CN)₆]^3– anion, were designed and synthesized to tackle significant volatility and migration tendency of ferrocene‐based burning rate catalysts (BRCs) used currently in the composite solid propellants. The new compounds were characterized by UV/Vis, FT‐IR, and elementary analysis. The crystal structures of compounds 2· 5H₂O and 3· CH₂Cl₂ · 4H₂O verified the successful preparation of the desired ionic compounds. The TG tests at 70 °C for 24 h revealed that the new compounds exhibit lower volatility than catocene. The cyclic‐voltammetry results suggested that new compounds are quasi‐reversible or irreversible redox systems. TheTG/DSC analyses exhibited that the compounds are of highly thermal stability. Their catalytic effects on the thermal degradation of ammonium perchlorate (AP), 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX), and 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazacyclooctane (HMX) were investigated. The results showed that most of the compounds exert great effects on the thermal degradation of AP and RDX during combustion. 11 and 2 are comparable to catocene in the thermal decomposition of AP and RDX, respectively, and can therefore be used as alternatives of catocene in a composite solid propellant. Some new compounds are unexpectedly active in promoting the thermal disintegration of HMX.     

In-situ Microscopic FTIR Spectroelectrochemical Study of the Reduction of K_3Fe(CN)_6 in Polymer Electrolyte

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Isotype Strukturen einiger Hexaamminmetall(II)-halogenide von 3d-Metallen: [V(NH3)6]I2, [Cr(NH3)6]I2, [Mn(NH3)6]Cl2, [Fe(NH3)6]Cl2, [Fe(NH3)6]Br2, [Co(NH3)6]Br2 und [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2

The Structures of some Hexaammine Metal(II) Halides of 3 d Metals: [V(NH₃)₆]I₂, [Cr(NH₃)₆]I₂, [Mn(NH₃)₆]Cl₂, [Fe(NH₃)₆]Cl₂, [Fe(NH₃)₆]Br₂, [Co(NH₃)₆]Br₂ and [Ni(NH₃)₆]Cl₂ Crystals of yellow [V(NH₃)₆]I₂ and green [Cr(NH₃)₆]I₂ were obtained by the reaction of VI₂ and CrI₂ with liquid ammonia at room temperature. Colourless crystals of [Mn(NH₃)₆]Cl₂ were obtained from Mn and NH₄Cl in supercritical ammonia. Colourless transparent crystals of [Fe(NH₃)₆]Cl₂ and [Fe(NH₃)₆]Br₂ were obtained by the reaction of FeCl₂ and FeBr₂ with supercritical ammonia at 400°C. Under the same conditions orange crystals of [Co(NH₃)₆]Br₂ were obtained from [Co₂(NH₂)₃(NH₃)₆]Br₃. Purple crystals of [Ni(NH₃)₆]Cl₂ were obtained by the reaction of NiCl₂ · 6H₂O and NH₄Cl with aqueous NH₃ solution. The structures of the isotypic compounds (Fm3 m, Z = 4) were determined from single crystal diffractometer data (see “Inhaltsübersicht”). All compounds crystallize in the K₂[PtCl₆] structure type. In these compounds the metal ions have high-spin configuration. The orientation of the dynamically disordered hydrogen atoms of the ammonia ligands is discussed.     

[~(188)Re(CO)_3(H_2O)_3]~+前体及标记药盒的制备

~(186,188)Re具有优良的核素性质,是放射性治疗药物的首选核素之一~([1]).~(186,188)Re广泛用于有机小分子化合物,单抗(McAb)、单抗片段(Fab)、受体配基和生物小分子肽,以达到靶向治疗的目的~([2-3]).铼的化学性质与锝极其相似,在标记前以~(188)ReO_4~-形式存在,在标记药物中呈低价态.制备时常规方法是将七价铼通过亚锡法还原到五价~([4-5]).     

卤代芳烃的氰基化反应

以亚铁氰化钾为氰基化试剂,以醋酸钯为催化剂制备了芳香族氰基化合物。考察了原料比、时间、反应温度、催化剂的用量等反应条件对反应的影响,确定了较佳的反应条件。在n(K4[Fe(CN)6].3H2O):n(PhBr):n(Pd(OAc)2)=200:1000:1,反应温度130℃,反应1.5h条件下,溴苯转化率达99%,产物氰基苯收率为95%。氰基化试剂亚铁氰化钾与传统的氰基化试剂相比无毒,无需经过复杂的预处理,而且廉价易得。这种氰基化反应催化体系简单,无需添加昂贵的催化剂配体,催化剂的用量少,并且反应的后处理简单,对环境污染小,是一种效益明显的氰化芳烃的制备方法。同时进一步考察了其它卤代芳烃的氰基化反应,活泼的溴代芳烃和碘代芳烃均能得到很好得率:91%～96%。     

4-(S)-[2-(N-甲基)吗啉基 ]-5-(R )-(l-薄荷烷氧基 )-丁内酯结构分析

N－甲基吗啉对5－（l－薄荷烷氧基）－2（5H）－呋喃酮的光催化不对称共轭加生成了4－（S）－[2－（N－甲基）吗啉基]－5－（R）－(l－薄荷烷氧基）－丁内酯,在四氢呋喃（THF）对比实验、参比物^13CNMR对照及不同溶剂^13CNMR测定的基础上,该新化合物的结构用高分辨率的子核磁共振谱、碳核磁共振谱、质谱、红外光谱及元素分析、旋光度等数据进行了确证。