Bi luminescence in ABiO2Cl (A=Sr, Ba) and BaBiO2Br

Trivalent bismuth luminescence is reported in three Sillen bismuth oxyhalide phases, SrBiO₂Cl, BaBiO₂Cl, and BaBiO₂Br. These compounds exhibit Bi 6s6p→6s² emission under UV and X-ray radiations. At room temperature, BaBiO₂Cl shows the most intense light emission, with spectral and decay properties similar to those found in Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO). At low temperatures, each phase show an increase in the photoluminescence intensities and a narrowing of the emission peaks. In contrast to the temperature dependence of BGO, X-ray excited luminescence intensities of all three phases remain relatively constant throughout the temperature range 10-295 K, though much lower than BGO at low temperatures. This result indicates that the Sillen phases undergo less thermal quenching than BGO. The low temperature and room temperature radio-luminescence decay times were determined from pulsed X-ray measurements. At room temperature, SrBiO₂Cl exhibits faster decays than BGO, while BaBiO₂Cl and BaBiO₂Br have decay times similar to BGO.     

Shape co-existence and structural evolution of the yrast band in 157Yb

The high-spin states of ¹⁵⁷Yb have been studied via the ¹⁴⁴Sm(¹⁶O, 3n) reaction at ¹⁶O energy of 90 MeV using techniques of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. Measurement of γ-γ-t coincidences was performed with 11 BGO(AC)HPGe detectors. Based on the measured results of γ-γ coincidences, γ-ray anisotropies and DCO ratios, the level scheme for ¹⁵⁷Yb was established. The shape co-existence and structural evolution of the νi _13/2 band with increasing angular momentum in ¹⁵⁷Yb have been discussed. The systematics of the νi _13/2 bands in the N = 87 odd-A isotones have been compared. Received: 7 January 2002 / Accepted: 10 April 2002     

HERACLES : a multidetector for heavy-ion collisions at TRIUMF

HERACLES is a multidetector that has been modified to study heavy-ion collisions, using an ion beam with an energy range between 8 to 15 MeV per nucleon. It has 78 detectors axially distributed around the beam axis in 6 rings allowing detection of multiple charged fragments from nuclear reactions. HERACLES has 4 different types of detectors, BC408/BaF₂ phoswich, Si/CsI(Tl) telescope, BC408/BC444 phoswich and CsI(Tl) detectors. ²⁵ Na?+?¹² C, ²⁵ Na?+?²⁷ Al, ²⁵ Mg?+?¹² C and ²⁵ Mg?+?²⁷ Al reactions have been used to characterize the multidetector. Element identification up to Z = 12 is achieved with the BC408/BaF₂ phoswich detectors, up to Z = 15 with the Si/CsI(Tl) telescopes and up to Z = 12 with the BC408/BC444 phoswich detectors. Isotopic identification is reached with the CsI(Tl) detector up to Z = 2.     

In-beam study of 145Tb

The high-spin states of ¹⁴⁵Tb have been studied in the ¹¹⁸Sn(³²S, 1p4n) reaction at ³²S energies from 161 to 175 MeV using techniques of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. Measurements of γ-ray excitation functions and γ-γ-t coincidences were performed with 12 BGO(AC)HPGe detectors. Based on the measured results of γ-γ coincidences, γ-ray anisotropies and DCO ratios, a level scheme for ¹⁴⁵Tb was established for the first time. The observed excited states show typical irregular pattern in a spherical nucleus, and the low-lying levels have been interpreted qualitatively with a particle-core coupling. Received: 21 September 2001 / Accepted: 9 November 2001     

Shape co-existence and structural evolution of thevi13/2 band in157Yb

The high-spin states of¹⁵⁷Yb have been studied via the reaction of¹⁴⁴Sm(¹⁶O, 3n) at¹⁶O energy of 90 MeV using techniques of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. Measurement of γ-γ-t coincidences was performed with 11 BGO(AC)HPGe detectors. Based on the γ-γ coincidence relationships and the measured results of γ-ray anisotropies and DCO ratios, the level scheme for¹⁵⁷Yb was established. The shape co-existence and structural evolution of thevi_13/2 band with increasing angular momentum in¹⁵⁷Yb have been discussed. The systematics of thevi_13/2 bands in theN=87 odd-A isotones have been compared.     

MBiO2Cl(M=Ca，Sr，Ba)材料的合成、能带计算及发光性能研究

采用固相合成方法制备出CaBiO₂Cl,SrBiO₂Cl和BaBiO₂Cl粉体,研究了该Sillen系列铋基氧卤化合物的光学带隙、电子结构及发光性能.基于密度泛函理论计算表明,SrBiO₂Cl和BaBiO₂Cl均为直接带隙半导体材料,与吸收光谱实验结果相符合.在X射线和紫外光激发下三者均具有宽的可见光发射带(400—550nm),尤其是BaBiO₂Cl粉体的光输出强度约为Bi 关键词： 光致发光 电子结构 Sillen化合物     

Spectroscopic properties of OH doped and Bi-rich Bi4Ge3O12 crystals by vertical Bridgman method

OH⁻ doped and Bi-rich Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO) single crystals were grown by Vertical Bridgman (VB) method. The structure of these crystals was determined by XRD, and the emission spectra in visible and near infrared region (NIR) were measured at room temperature. The emission spectrum of Bi-rich BGO has extra peaks at 385, 367 and 357 nm, Bi-rich BGO after annealing in Ar at 500 °C for 5 h shows a significant emission band peaking around 1170 nm under 808 nm laser diodes (LDs) excitation, and OH⁻ doped BGO shows a noticeable emission band centered at about 1346 nm under 980 nm LDs excitation. A brief discussion is presented.     

Waveform digitizing for LaBr3/NaI phoswich detector

The detection efficiency of phoswich detector starts to decrease when Compton scattering becomes significant. Events with energy deposit in both scintillators, if not rejected, are not useful for spectral analysis as the full energy of the incident photon cannot be reconstructed with conventional readout. We show that once the system response is carefully calibrated, the full energy of those double deposit events can be reconstructed using a waveform digitizer as the readout. Our experiment suggests that the efficiency of a photopeak at 662 keV can be increased by a factor of 2 using our LaBr₃/NaI phoswich detector.     

Near-infrared luminescence of OH and Cl doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals

OH⁻ and Cl⁻ doped Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO) single crystals had been grown by Vertical Bridgman (VB) method. The structure of these crystals was determined by XRD, the transmittance and emission spectra in near infrared region (NIR) were measured at room temperature. 5% OH⁻ doped BGO shows a significant emission band peaking around 1181 nm under 808 nm laser diodes (LDs) excitation, and the 5% Cl⁻ doped BGO exhibits a relatively weak emission band as well. 100% and 5% OH⁻ doped BGO show noticeable emission band centered at about 1346 nm under 980 nm LDs excitation.     

Effect of higher order nonlinear optical processes on optical absorption in the photorefractive BSO and BGO crystals

The processes of nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption are studied in the photorefractive Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ (BSO) and Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ (BGO) crystals at a wavelength of a picosecond Nd:YAG laser of 1064 nm. The nonlinear refraction in the crystals is shown to be related to the Kerr effect, and the nonlinear absorption at this wavelength, to three-photon absorption. The three-photon absorption coefficients of the BSO and BGO crystals are equal, respectively, to (2.5±0.8) ×10^?20 and (4.4±1.3) ×10^?20 cm³W^?2.