微波法合成淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐类高吸水性树脂的研究

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸铵为引发剂、在微波辐照下对淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐共聚进行了系统的研究,确定了最佳的反应条件,合成了粉末状的高吸水性树脂。并用FTIR和固体NMR等方法探讨了淀粉一丙烯酸盐接枝共聚物的结构特征。实验结果表明,利用微波技术合成淀粉一丙烯酸盐接枝共聚物可实现一次合成、干燥,简化合成工艺。淀粉与丙烯酸盐质量比为40／100左右时产物的接枝率最大,且吸水速率明显高于化学法合成的高吸水树脂。     

丙烯酸2,2,3,3-四氟丙酯的合成

含氟丙烯酸树脂的性能明显优于普通丙烯酸类树脂,其表面能、折光率、摩擦系数均低,耐候、不粘、疏水、疏油、防尘、化学性质稳定,已用作纤维处理剂、皮革助剂、光纤涂覆剂、光纤材料、耐候涂料、齿科材料等。合成含氟丙烯酸树脂的单体,目前国内依赖进口,合成步骤多、反应周期长,使用的有机酸原料几乎都为甲基丙烯酸。本文使用丙烯酸和四氟丙醇(简称为N1醇)为原料,合成丙烯酸2,2,3,3-四氟丙酯(TFPA),考察了阻聚剂类型、原料配比、硫酸的添加量、反应时间等对产物收率的影响。     

酯交换法合成丙烯酸氯乙醇酯

丙烯酸卤代烷酯是重要的精细化工原料和中间体,一般的合成方法是直接酯化法。已有文献报道采用酯交换工艺以丙烯酸甲酯为原料制备丙烯酸高碳烷酯和丙烯酸二甲氨基烷酯[1-4]。Nolan等人曾报道了氮杂环卡宾作为催化剂通过酯交换反应合成甲基丙烯酸卤代烷酯[5,6],但是其催化剂制备     

纳米尺寸聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸彩色高分子微球的合成与表征

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸、分散蓝染料为原料,采用分步聚合的方法合成了彩色具有核–壳结构的分散蓝/聚苯乙烯–丙烯酸高分子微球。通过TEM测得其颗粒尺寸约为200nm,分散均匀;通过FTIR对颗粒的组成结构进行表征,并对其合成过程进行探讨。     

淀粉/丙烯酸反相乳液体系的稳定性研究

以丙烯酸(AA)单体的水溶液为水相,液体石蜡为油相,失水山梨醇三油酸酯(Span 85)和辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(Opan 10)为复合乳化剂,合成了淀粉/丙烯酸反相乳液;考察了乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)、油水比、乳化剂用量、单体浓度、温度对乳液稳定性和类型的影响.结果表明,合成淀粉/丙烯酸稳定反相乳液体系的适宜条件...     

聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸高级酯)的溶液性质研究

采用沉淀聚合法分别合成了丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸十四酯、丙烯酸十六酯、丙烯酸十八酯一系列疏水缔合型共聚物。对共聚物溶液性质及疏水基团浓度、电解质浓度、温度等因素对共聚物溶液性能的影响进行了研究,结果表明这类疏水缔合型聚合物表观出较好的耐温、耐盐等性能。     

光固化聚酯丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯树脂的合成及其性质

光固化聚酯丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯树脂的合成及其性质黄景琴，田禾，孝延文，杨振华，陈文启（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词　光固化树脂，齐聚物，丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯，合成为了降低污染和减少能耗，非溶剂型树脂被广泛地用作涂料、粘接剂、绝缘材料等...     

丙烯酸系树脂

本文综述了国内外丙烯酸系阴、阳离子交换树脂、吸附树脂及螯合树脂的合成方法、路线,并专门介绍了交联刺的选择。列举了大量商品化的丙烯酸系树脂。引用参考文献100篇。     

苯乙烯和丙烯酸系改性醇酸树脂涂料

综述了苯乙烯和丙烯酸系改性醇酸树脂的研究进展,介绍了该类树脂的合成、性能及应用,讨论了该类树脂的优缺点,预测了苯乙烯和丙烯酸系改性醇酸树脂涂料的发展趋势。     

一种支链含有螺吡喃和查尔酮双光功能基团的复合高分子材料光致变色性能研究

合成了两种支链含有光致变色的螺吡喃结构的复合高分子材料, 观察了光激发下材料的光致变色动力学过程. 一种高分子材料为丙烯酸甲脂(MMA)和丙烯酸-螺吡喃单体(MMA-Spiropyran)的共聚物, 另一种是丙烯酸-查尔酮单体(MMA-Chalcone)和丙烯酸-螺吡喃单体的共聚物. 利用紫外-可见光谱仪对合成的复合高分子材料的光敏性能进行了考察, 从研究中发现, 材料的光致聚合过程对其光致变色显色体稳定性的影响.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。