一种动-静态光散射颗粒折射率测量法

提出一种动静态光散射颗粒折射率测量方法.该方法分为三部分,一部分是用动态光散射技术测得颗粒样品的线宽分布函数,然后将此线宽分布连同一组折射率值代入静态光散射公式推算出不同折射率值下的散射光强空间分布;第二部分是用光电探测器测出实际的散射光空间分布;第三部分是将不同折射率下的推算值与实测值做均方偏差运算以做比较,取均方偏差最小时所对应的代入折射率值作为颗粒折射率的最终测量值.此方法对样品的分散度无要求,适用于微米到亚微米级的颗粒物.     

Temperature response in participating media with anisotropic scattering caused by pulsed lasers

It is not by isotropic scattering but by anisotropic scattering that radiant energy is redistributed in some materials containing real particles, fibers, or impurities. In some instances, great difference can be caused in transient thermal behavior between isotropic scattering and anisotropic scattering media. Ray tracing method combined with Hottel's zonal method is introduced to deduce thermal radiative source term for various optical boundary conditions induced by collimated incidence passing through translucent boundary. Temperature response caused by laser pulse at non-incident side of participating and anisotropic scattering media is examined. We investigate effects of scattering albedo, scattering phase function, initial temperature of media and thickness of media on temperature response. Results obtained for anisotropic scattering media are compared with those for isotropic scattering one and show that anisotropic scattering must be considered in the simulating measurement of thermophysical properties by the laser flash method for some materials with big scattering albedo which behave anisotropically, or big error will be introduced; forward scattering can increase excess temperature and backward scattering can decrease it at non-incident side of the considered sample irradiated by laser pulse.     

基于后向散射的高浓度纳米颗粒粒度分布测量方法研究

传统的动态光散射法通常采集侧向散射进行纳米颗粒粒度分布的测量,由于多次散射的影响,利用侧向散射不能准确测量高浓度样品的颗粒粒度分布。针对该问题,对后向散射测量方法进行了研究,在实验基础上提出了后向散射最佳光程的判断准则。在不同样品浓度下,用侧向散射和后向散射方法对标称粒径分别为110 nm、220 nm的聚苯乙烯乳胶球颗粒进行了测量。实验结果表明,对于高浓度的待测样品,后向散射测量方法通过自适应调整光程,在最优光程处进行测量,能够有效得到高浓度纳米颗粒的粒径及粒度分布,测量结果相对误差为2.72%。     

Theoretical analysis and measurements on near specular scattering

In scattering measurement it is important and also difficult to separate instrument scattering from the scattering of a sample. Particularly at angles near the specular reflection, it is believed that the small angle limit for scattering measurement is determined not only by detector proximity to the specular beam, but also by the sample scattering. When the scattering angles are smaller than a certain limit, the total scattering combining the instrument scattering and the sample scattering is lower than the instrument scattering. This prevents us from discriminating the instrument scattering and the sample scattering at angles smaller than this limit. In this paper a data processing method is reported that enables us to distinguish the instrument scattering at angles smaller than this limit. Based on this method, we can measure the scattering at angles restricted only by the performance of the instrument.     

Computer programs for light scattering by particles with inclusions

We present a comparison of computational results from light scattering by spherical particles with inclusions. The different simulation methods like the T-matrix method, multiple multipole method and the method of separation of variables are presented shortly. Exemplary numerical simulations involve scattering by particles with one or two spherical inclusions and scattering by particles with non-spherical inclusions.     

用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体定标系统的校准方法

为了实现对用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体的快速准确定标,通过测量标准散射体不同散射角的散射系数,实现对标准散射体不同散射角所模拟的大气能见度进行准确定标并对定标系统进行校准.根据定标系统的组成与工作原理,确定定标系统的校准方法并建立相应的校准链,并设计校准链的各组成部分的校准方法.通过对已知散射系数的标准散射体进行定标,验证校准后定标系统定标结果的准确性,进而验证了定标系统校准方法的正确性.实验结果证明:定标系统对标准散射体的散射系数定标结果的误差为7.93%;经由定标系统定标的标准散射体所模拟的大气能见度的最大误差为8.61%,满足用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体的使用要求.     

光散射聚集速率测定中T矩阵方法的应用

聚集速率是评估胶体体系特性及稳定性的关键参数, 静态光散射和动态光散射则是测量聚集速率的两个重要方法. 然而, 用静态光散射和动态光散射测量聚集速率时, 需要知道有关单粒子和双粒子聚集体光散射特性的数据. 为此, 通常需要把动、静两种方法结合, 才能消去这个数据. 以前各种近似理论曾用来解决这个问题, 但因粒子尺寸和形状的限制, 结果并不理想. 而T矩阵方法可以不受粒子大小和形状的限制计算其光散射特性. 本工作用T矩阵方法直接计算静态光散射和动态光散射所必须的粒子散射特性, 并将该法得到的聚集速率与动静态光散射结合法得到的聚集速率进行了比较, 两者结果很接近. 本工作为简化静态光散射和动态光散射测量聚集速率, 扩展其应用范围开辟了新途径. 关键词： T矩阵')" href="#">T矩阵 光散射法 聚集速率     

In-plane bistatic backward scattering from seabottom with randomly inhomogeneous sediment and rough interface

1 Introduction Backward scattering of sound due to sediment is the main source of shallow waterreverberation. In order to predict the reverberation or detect sediment properties frommeasured reverberation data, a reasonable in-plane bistatic backward scattering (BBS)model is essential. The scattering can be caused by the roughness of water-sediment in-terface or by inhomogeneities within the volume of sediment. A great deal of researchhas been done on sediment backscattering, most of which h…     

外部加环肋有限长圆柱壳体声散射

为了深入理解双层加肋圆柱壳体的声散射机理,专门研究了两层壳体之间环肋的声散射。仅考虑模型的刚性散射,采用Kirchhoff近似推导了单个环肋的反向散射声场的解析解,并推广到等间距的环肋散射,结合圆柱壳刚性散射得到外部加周期性环肋的圆柱壳体的散射声场近似解。同时,利用图形声学方法(GRACO)对模型的目标强度进行数值计算。理论与实验的结果表明,刚性散射在反向散射声场中起主要作用,周期性环肋引起的Bragg散射对散射声场有重要贡献,同时遮挡效应在实际情况下有较大作用。      

Nonlinear scatterers in nonlinear media: Born approximation and local perturbation method

Wave scattering by inhomogeneous nonlinear particles placed in a nonlinear host medium is studied. In the case of weak scattering the scattering indicatrix is calculated in the first Born approximation. Scattering from small nonlinear particles loaded in a medium with saturation of permittivity is studied by the local perturbation method. A small perturbation method is developed for nonlinear equations of rather general type with a random, intensity-dependent, scattering potential.     

Dispersion relations of surface phonons from atomic scattering

We show the existence of a spatial forbidden zone for one-phonon atomic scattering by surfaces. In case of scattering by surface modes, this region is bounded by sharp observable maxima of the scattering intensity, whose angular locations depend only on the dispersion relation of the modes involved. A method for obtaining the dispersion relation of surface modes needing no measurement of scattering energies then follows. The method is applied to the He-NaF system.     

超冷温度下钾和铯原子间弹性散射特性的精确计算

本文分别用量子方法和半经典方法计算了超冷钾和铯原子之间弹性碰撞的s波散射长度,有效力程和p波散射长度等散射参数. 超冷温度下³⁹K-¹³³Cs原子间的弹性散射截面主要为s波贡献,随着碰撞能量的增加散射截面有丰富的形状共振出现, 计算发现单重态和三重态截面分别存在显著的g波和d波形状共振.另外,本文应用简并内态近似方法获得了⁴¹K-¹³³Cs 超精细态相互作用时的s波散射长度.     

超宽带散射信号的时域测量及处理

 叙述了在超宽带电磁脉冲照射下良导电散射体散射信号的时域测量技术及数据处理方法。描述了产生散射信号的物理过程,散射信号的时域测量步骤、提取方法以及散射体冲激响应的计算方法。通过对铝金属球体散射信号的测量及处理,说明了上述测量技术和数据处理方法是有效的,基本满足逆散射成像的要求。     

Effect of anisotropic scattering on radiative heat transfer in two-dimensional rectangular media

Effect of scattering on radiative heat transfer in two-dimensional rectangular media by the finite-volume method has been studied. Compared with the existing solutions, it shows that the result obtained by the finite-volume method is reliable. Furthermore, relative errors caused by the approximation that linear and nonlinear anisotropic scattering media is simplified to isotropic scattering media have been studied.     

闪光照相中散射分布均匀性的影响因素

 为了在客体密度重建过程中采用迭代法扣除散射X射线的影响,提出了以散射分布均匀为主要目的的闪光照相系统设计思想。在介绍散射分布均匀性定义的基础上,分析了均匀扣除散射所带来的光程差。采用蒙特卡罗方法研究了系统放大倍数、照相距离以及后防护锥到图像接收系统的距离对散射分布均匀性的影响。结果表明：后防护锥到图像接收系统的距离是影响散射分布形状和散射照射量大小的一个主要因素;当后防护锥到图像接收系统的距离为55 cm左右时,散射分布均匀性近似最佳,而且照相距离越大,散射分布均匀性越好。这些研究结果可用于实际闪光照相系统的优化设计,在图像接收系统的响应范围内达到使散射分布均匀和降低光源模糊影响的目的。     

K-Li冷碰撞散射特性的理论研究

本文应用量子方法和半经典方法计算了表征锂(6Li,7Li) 原子和钾(39K,40K,41K) 原子间超冷碰撞特性的散射参数,如s波散射长度,有效力程,p波散射长度等。超冷温度下6Li-39K单重态和三重态原子间的弹性散射截面主要为s波贡献,随着碰撞能量的增加散射截面有丰富的形状共振出现,计算发现单重态和三重态散射截面均存在显著的i波形状共振. 此外,本文应用简并内态近似获得了超精细态相互作用时的s波散射长度.     

液相二氧化钛纳米微粒的荧光和共振散射光谱特性

以钛酸四丁酯(TBTi)为前驱体,利用微波高压反应法合成了纳米二氧化钛溶胶,并与Ti(SO4)2水解法制备出的二氧化钛纳米微粒对比.考察了两种前驱体制备的二氧化钛纳米微粒荧光光谱及共振散射光谱特性,用TBTi制备的二氧化钛纳米微粒在320 nm有一个共振散射峰,在470 nm有一个同步散射峰,在360,400和470 nm处有三个荧光发射峰;用Ti(SO4)2制备的二氧化钛纳米微粒在340 nm有个共振散射峰,在470 nm有一个同步散射峰,400和470 nm处有两个荧光发射峰.反应条件对共振散射强度的影响与其对荧光的影响变化趋势一致,但共振散射光强度较荧光强度强得多.     

基于偏振门的动态光散射颗粒测量法的研究

为了解决动态光散射纳米颗粒测量技术无法测量高浓度颗粒粒径的难题,提出了一种基于偏振门的动态光散射测量法。从动态光散射和Mie理论出发,理论分析了在高浓度溶液下多重散射效应对散射光偏振态和颗粒粒度测量结果的影响。根据散射光偏振特点,结合偏振门检测技术,改进了传统的动态光散射光学系统。实验研究了在低浓度和高浓度溶液时,不同偏振角度下的散射光强和粒度测量值,完善了散射光的偏振理论。采用90°偏振门检偏,通过各种浓度下的实验,证明了方法的可行性。该方法较之目前同类方法具有原理和结构简单,系统易于维护的特点。     

Sound scattering at fluid-fluid rough surface

Extinction theorem was used to deduce the first order scattering cross-section including the double scattering effects for the fluid-fluid rough surface. If the double scattering effects are neglected in the present method, the scattering cross-section agrees with the result obtained by the perturbation method based on Rayleigh hypothesis. Calculations of scattering strength were carried out, and comparisons with the first-order perturbation method based on Rayleigh hypothesis were also done. The results show that double scattering effects are obvious with the increase of the root mean square of surface height and the grazing angle when the valid condition k ₁ h < 1 is satisfied. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB422307)     

An approximate analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation in hydrometeors accounting for scattering effects

An iterative method for the radiative transfer equation solution is suggested for the scattering hydrometeors. The method allows to find the layer scattering indicatrix. The method is shown to be more general as compared with the four-flux theory or the perturbation method and differs strongly from these ones because even in the case of the first iteration it gives the results which are very close to ones obtained by numerical methods for all rain scattering angles.