超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水产品中的卡巴氧、喹烯酮、乙酰甲喹及其代谢物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中卡巴氧(CBX),喹烯酮(QCT)、乙酰甲喹(MEQ)、哇噁啉-2-羟酸(QCA),3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸(MQCA) 5种化合物残留的分析方法.样品分别采用乙酸乙酯-乙腈(50:50)混合溶液、磷酸盐缓冲液分步提取,正己烷净化,以甲醇-乙腈(11:3)混合溶液和0.1%甲...     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱飞行时间质谱法鉴定乙酰甲喹及其代谢物

利用高效液相色谱分离、电喷雾-线性离子阱质谱法(LC-ESI/LTQ)、电喷雾-离子阱/飞行时间串联质谱法(LC-ESI/IT-TOF)鉴定鸡血浆中乙酰甲喹及其代谢物的结构。分别采用Hypersil Gold和Symmetry ShieldTM色谱柱,以含有0.01%甲酸水溶液(A)和甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源(ESI)正离子模式进行检测。鸡口服给药乙酰甲喹(20mg/kg)后,翅下静脉采血,待分析血浆用乙腈-乙酸乙酯(3:2,V/V)混合液提取,吹干。残渣用30%甲醇水溶液复溶,上机检测。用Shimadzu′s Composition分子预测软件推测分子离子及其子离子质量,Xcalibur2.0.7软件分析线性离子阱质谱仪测得质谱图。鉴定出5种主要代谢物,分别为3-甲基-2-(1-羟基)乙基-喹啉-N1,N4-二氧化物(M1)、3-甲基-2-(1-羟基)乙基-喹啉-N4-一氧化物(M2)、3-甲基-2-乙酰基-喹啉-N4-一氧化物(M3)、3-甲基-2-乙酰基-喹啉(M4)和3-羟甲基-2-(1-羟基)乙基-喹啉-N1,N4-二氧化物(M5)。同时根据推测结果对代谢物M1～M4进行...     

六种乙酰甲喹衍生物的合成及抗菌活性研究

以乙酰甲喹和取代伯胺为原料，设计、合成了一系列含有席夫碱片段的衍生物，其中四种为新化合物，结构经¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR和高分辨率质谱表征。首次通过单晶结构证明了选择性还原产生副产物3-乙酰基-2-甲基喹喔啉-1-氧化物的结构。体外抗菌活性结果表明，目标化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌等抗菌活性较差，但部分目标化合物在人工胃液中的水解物抗菌活性明显优于乙酰甲喹。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡组织中的喹烯酮标示残留物

采用液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC—MS／MS）法测定鸡组织（肌肉、肝、肾）中喹烯酮标示残留物3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸的含量。组织匀浆样品经碱水解、液液萃取,采用HPLC—MS／MS电喷雾电离（ESI）,正离子模式,多反应监测（MRM）,以喹噁啉-2-羧酸为内标进行定量。检出限为5μg／kg。     

3-N-乙酰基-2-取代芳基-5-[5'-甲基-异噁唑-3']-Δ3-1,3,4－噁唑啉类化合物的合成

甲基-异噁唑甲酰肼;3-N-乙酰基-2-取代芳基-5-[5'-甲基-异噁唑-3']-Δ3-1;3;4－噁唑啉类化合物的合成     

高效液相色谱法测定动物组织中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留量

本文建立了猪、鸡、鱼肌肉及猪、鸡肝脏组织中喹乙醇代谢残留标识物3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留量的高效液相色谱分析方法.样品在酸性环境水解,经乙酸乙酯、磷酸盐缓冲溶液依次提取,Oasis MAX固相萃取柱净化,高效液相色谱紫外测定(HPLC-UV).3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸标准曲线相关系数(r2)为0.9992(10～1 000 μg/L);不同动物组织样品中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸工作曲线相关系数(r)为0.9995～0.9997(2～100 μg/kg).在2～100 μg/kg浓度范围,3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸回收率为69%～104%,日内相对标准偏差＜15%,日间相对标准偏差＜20%.检出限(CCα)为1.2～4.3 μg/kg,定量限(CCβ)为2.0～5.6 μg/kg.     

3-（3-乙酰基-5-芳氧亚甲基-2,3-二氢-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基）色酮类化合物的合成

3-（3-乙酰基-5-芳氧亚甲基-2;3-二氢-1;3;4-噁二唑-2-基）色酮类化合物的合成;噁二唑啉;色酮;合成     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸和喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留

建立了动物源食品中喹喔啉类药物代谢残留标识物3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸和喹喔啉-2-羧酸的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品在酸性环境水解,经乙酸乙酯、磷酸盐缓冲液依次提取,Oasis MAX固相萃取小柱净化,用Waters Xterra MS C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm)分离,以甲醇-0.2%甲酸为流动相梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式检测,内标法定量。各物质在1.0～20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.9996; 3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸和喹喔啉-2-羧酸在0.1、0.2、1.0 μg/kg加标水平的回收率为62.4%～118%,相对标准偏差为1.48%～28.1%;定量限(以信噪比≥10计)为0.1 μg/kg。该方法简单、灵敏、稳定,可满足猪肉、猪肝、鸡肉、鸡肝、鱼、虾等动物源食品中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸和喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留的检测与确证需要。     

新型异噁唑衍生物的合成及其抗菌活性

5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[3-氟-4-(1-哌嗪基苯基)]异噁唑啉与氯乙酰氯反应制得中间体5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[3-氟-4-(4-氯乙酰基-1-哌嗪基苯基)]异噁唑啉(2);2与取代哌嗪或取代六氢吡啶反应合成了15个新型的异噁唑类衍生物(4a～4o),其结构经1H NMR和FAB-MS表征。初步的生物活性测试结果表明,4a～4o对金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄八叠球菌、绿脓假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌均有一定的抗菌活性。     

5-甲基-3-喹喔啉-2-基-4-乙氧羰基异噁唑及其衍生物的合成

以α-氯代喹喔啉-2-甲醛肟(3)与乙酰乙酸乙酯的钠盐经1,3-偶极环加成制得关键中间体5-甲基-3-喹喔啉-2-基-4-乙氧羰基异噁唑(4). 以化合物4为原料在不同条件下, 合成了一系列新的1,3,4-噁二唑啉(7), 1,2,4-均三唑的Mannich碱衍生物10a～10f, 11a～11f, 12a～12f. 化合物的结构经元素分析, IR, 1H NMR和MS确认, 并对其波谱性质进行了讨论.     

Metabolism of mequindox in liver microsomes of rats,chicken and pigs

Mequindox, 3‐methyl‐2‐quinoxalinacetyl‐1,4‐dioxide, is a quinoxaline‐N,N‐dioxide used in veterinary medicine as a antibacterial in China. To gain an understanding of the interspecies differences in the metabolism of mequindox, comparative metabolite profiles were qualitatively and quantitatively carried out for the first time in rat, chicken and pig liver microsomes by high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of 14 metabolites were characterized based on their accurate MS² spectra and known structure of mequindox. The in vitro metabolic pathways of mequindox in three species were proposed as N→O group reduction, carbonyl reduction, N→O group reduction followed by carbonyl reduction or methyl mono‐hydroxylation. A metabolic pathway involving N→O group reduction followed by acetyl group mono‐hydroxylation in only chicken was also proposed. There was also quantitative species difference for mequindox metabolism in three species. 1‐Desoxymequindox was the main metabolite in all species, but otherwise there were some qualitative interspecies differences in mequindox major metabolites. This work has revealed biotransformation characteristics of mequindox among different species, and moreover will further facilitate the explanations of the biological activities of mequindox in animals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative Metabolism of Mequindox in Liver Microsomes,Hepatocytes, and Intestinal Microflora of Chicken

Drug metabolism studies in vitro were carried out inexpensively and readily to serve as an adequate mechanism to characterize drug metabolites, elucidate their pathways, and make suggestions for further testing in vivo. In this work, the comparative metabolism of mequindox (MEQ) was investigated in vitro by incubation with chicken liver microsomes, hepatocytes, and intestinal microflora, followed by analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) for structure identification. There were 12 metabolites detected when MEQ was incubated with liver microsomes, 6 metabolites with the hepatocytes and 4 metabolites with intestinal microflora, respectively. The major metabolites in liver microsomes were bideoxymequindox and 2-isoethanol-N1-deoxymequindox, and that in hepatocytes were 2-isoethanol mequindox and 2-isoethanol-N1-deoxymequindox, but in intestinal incubations, N1-deoxymequindox and bideoxymequindox were the major metabolites. The results indicated that the metabolism of MEQ was active in vitro; meanwhile, revealed the main metabolic pathways of MEQ were N→O group reduction, carbonyl reduction and hydroxylation reaction. The information regarding in vitro metabolism of MEQ provided a better understanding of the role of the liver and intestinal tract in the disposition of MEQ.     

Highly sensitive simultaneous quantification of indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid in human plasma using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid are uremic toxins that accumulate in renal failure and have been reported to decrease the activities of the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 3A and the drug transporter organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B, respectively. In this study, we established and validated an assay for simultaneous quantification of indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid in human plasma. The samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction, and measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The validation results for this assay were within the acceptable limits recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.05 μg/mL for both indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid. Recovery rates of indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid corrected by internal standard were 100.7–101.9 and 100.2–101.3%, respectively. Matrix effects of indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid corrected by internal standard were 101.1–105.5 and 97.0–103.8%, respectively. The validated assay was used to analyze indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid concentrations in the plasma samples of healthy volunteers and patients with chronic kidney disease. All the measured plasma indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid concentrations were within the calibration ranges. This novel method may contribute to predicting the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in individual patients.     

3-甲基-5-苯基-2-芳基吗啉盐酸盐合成及其抗实验性抑郁活性

苯基氨基乙醇;芳基吗啉;合成;抗抑郁活性     

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of mequindox and its metabolites in porcine tissues

A rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of mequindox and its five metabolites (2-isoethanol mequindox, 2-isoethanol 1-desoxymequindox, 1-desoxymequindox, 1,4-bisdesoxymequindox, and 2-isoethanol bisdesoxymequindox) in porcine muscle, liver, and kidney, fulfilling confirmation criteria with two transitions for each compound with acceptable relative ion intensities. The method involved acid hydrolysis, purification by solid-phase extraction, and subsequent analysis with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization operated in positive polarity with a total run time of 15 min. The decision limit values of five analytes in porcine tissues ranged from 0.6 to 2.9 μg/kg, and the detection capability values ranged from 1.2 to 5.7 μg/kg. The results of the inter-day study, which was performed by fortifying porcine muscle (2, 4, and 8 μg/kg), liver, and kidney (10, 20, and 40 μg/kg) samples on three separate days, showed that the accuracy of the method for the various analytes ranged between 75.3 and 107.2% with relative standard deviation less than 12% for each analyte.     

Isolation of tetraprenyltoluquinols from the brown alga Sargassum thunbergii

Thunbergols A (4) and B (5), tetraprenyltoluquinols, along with three known compounds (1-3) have been isolated from the brown alga Sargassum thunbergii. The structures of these two new compounds were determined to be 9-(3,4-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)-6-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-(2E,6E)-nonadienoic acid (4) and 10-(2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-10-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-(2E,6E)-undecadienoic acid (5), respectively, by combined spectroscopic methods. Both of them exhibited significant scavenging activities on radical and potently inhibited generation of ONOO(-) from morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1).     

新型6-氯-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮类Schiff碱的合成及其抑菌活性

以6-氯邻氨基苯甲酸为起始原料,与醋酐酰化关环制得6-氯-2-甲基噁嗪-4-酮(1);1在80%水合肼中回流反应制得6-氯-2-甲基-3-氨基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮(2);2与羟基芳醛反应合成了4种新型的6-氯-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮类Schiff碱(4a~4d),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和元素分析表征。采用琼脂扩散法研究了4a~4d对金黄色葡萄球菌(A)、大肠杆菌(B)和枯草杆菌(C)的抑制活性。结果表明:用药浓度为300 mg·m L~(-1)时,4a~4d对A~C均有一定的抑制活性,其中6-氯-2-甲基-3-(5-甲基-2-羟基苯亚甲氨基)-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮(4c)抑菌活性最强,对A~C的抑菌圈直径分别为8.8 mm,11.9 mm和9.6 mm。     

酶催化反式肉桂酸类似物的不对称氨化反应

在开展应用红酵母PAL酶合成L-苯丙氨酸的基础上,本文首次探讨了该酶不对称氨化反应对部分合成底物的选择性,以拓展它在重要的苯丙氨酸类似物合成方面的应用。     

Epoxidation of propyl- and isobutyl-β-alkylvinylketones

A study is made of the epoxidation of hepten-2-one-4, octen-3-one-5, nonen-4-one-6, 2-methylhepten-5-one-4, 2-methylocten-5-one-4, and 2-methylnonen-5-one-4 with alkaline methanolic hydrogen peroxide. 46–71% yield of the corresponding epoxy ketones are obtained. It is shown that treatment of the 2, 3-epoxyheptanone-4, 3, 4-epoxyoctanone-5, 4, 5-epoxynonanone-6, 2-methyl-5, 6-epoxyheptanone-4, 2-methyl-5, 6-epoxyoctanone-4 and 2-methyl-5, 6-epoxynonanone-4 with zinc chloride isomerizes them to, respectively, heptandione-3, 4, octandione-4, 5, nonandione-4, 5, 2-methylheptandione-4, 5, 2-methyloctandione-4, 5, and 2-methylnonandione-4, 5 in upto 78% yield.     

2,5-环已二烯酮类的固相光化学(Ⅰ)

本文报道了4-甲基-4-苯基-2,5-环己二烯酮(A)的固相光化学反应,得到与液相光化学反应不同的重排产物A_1和A_2。A_1的结构已确证为3-甲基-2-苯基酚,A_2为2-甲基-3-苯基酚。对A的固相光化学反应机理还进行了初步探讨。