Partial oxidation of methane to syngas over Ni-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst with plasma enhanced activity

A novel Ni-Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst for partial oxidation of methane has been prepared by glow discharge treatment followed by calcination thermally. The catalyst prepared exhibits better activity and selectivity. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

钡改性对Cr_2O_3/Al_2O_3催化剂异丁烷脱氢性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了不同BaO负载量的Cr_2O_3/Al_2O_3催化剂,利用XRD、BET、NH3-TPD和O2-TPO等表征方法对钡改性前后的催化剂进行了分析;在反应温度560℃、反应压力0.1MPa、催化剂用量10mL、GHSV=400h-1的条件下,在固定床反应器上考察了其异丁烷脱氢反应的性能。结果表明,钡的引入影响了活性组分Cr2O3的分散,导致了催化剂比表面积的降低,但影响并不显著;钡的引入降低了催化剂表面的酸性、减少了反应过程中催化剂的积炭,改善了催化剂的选择性,提高了催化剂的稳定性。当BaO负载量为3%时,催化剂的性能最佳。     

Catalytic activity of the Al2O3?Cr2O3?Fe2O3 system, I. Physico-chemical properties

The physico-chemical properties of a catalyst containing 90% Al₂O₃, 9% Cr₂O₃ and 1% Fe₂O₃ have been studied. Coexistence of acidic and basic (ionic) sites as well as electron acceptor radical centers have been found.

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- : 90% Al₂O₃, 9% Cr₂O₃ 1% Fe₂O₃. , () , - .

     

Mechanistic studies of methane partial oxidation to syngas over LiNiLaOx/Al2O3 catalyst

Reduction of vanadium-titanium oxide catalysts with hydrogen in the temperature range of 150–450°C results in the increase of the content of V⁴⁺ ions in substitution positions of TiO₂ with the anatase structure. The temperature increase up to 250°C results in the growth of the spectral intensity of V⁴⁺ associates in substitution positions of anatase. At higher treatment temperatures their intensity decreases due to the formation of VO₂ fragments in anatase. At 400°C and higher temperatures a solid solution of V⁴⁺ ions in rutile is formed.     

磷改性Cr2O3/Al2O3催化4-乙基酚转化制轻质芳烃

以烷基酚转化为轻质芳烃（苯和甲苯）为目标，制备了Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃催化剂，并以4-乙基酚为模型化合物研究了其加氢反应性能。体积空速、氢油比、反应压力和温度升高时，脱烷基率、芳烃总选择性、轻质芳烃选择性呈先增大后减小的趋势，反应温度对转化率影响较大。以不同浓度磷酸对Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃进行改性，随着磷酸用量的增大，催化剂酸量总体增大，主要是弱酸和中强酸，酸强度先增加后降低，磷酸用量较高时，弱酸增加幅度较大。与未改性相比，质量分数8%磷酸改性Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃上4-乙基酚转化率99.5%，脱烷基率提升9.4%，达74.4%，轻质芳烃选择性提高4.0%，达到57.0%，以较高选择性实现了转化制轻质芳烃，同时，芳烃总选择性高达80.4%，较高程度保持了芳环不被破坏。提出了Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃上4-乙基酚加氢反应的路径并对反应机理进行了研究。     

Catalytic activity of the Al2O3?Cr2O3?Fe2O3 system II. Influence of nitrogen bases on hydrocarbon aromatization

The physico-chemical properties of the Al₂O₃–Cr₂O₃–Fe₂O₃ catalyst system have been correlated with n-hexane dehydrocyclization. Using a poisoning technique, the ionic and radical steps of the reaction have been determined.

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- Al₂O₃–Cr₂O₃–Fe₂O₃ -. , .

     

TPR studies on steam reforming of 2-propanol on Rh/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3

Reaction pathways for steam reforming of 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol, IPA) on Rh/Al₂O₃, Ru/Al₂O₃ and Pd/Al₂O₃ have been studied by temperature-programmed reactions (TPRs) of IPA and acetone in the presence of steam. The results of TPRs suggest that that of IPA on Rh/Al₂O₃ and Ru/Al₂O₃ proceeds via acetone, while the steam reforming of IPA on Pd/Al₂O₃ takes place via propene from acetone. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sulfurization of Pt/Al2O3?Cl catalysts. IV. Adsorption sites of H2S on Al2O3, Al2O3?Cl and Pt/Al2O3?Cl

Chemisorption of H₂S on Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃–Cl and Pt/Al₂O₃–Cl has been studied by gravimetry and IR spectroscopy. The influence of the amount of Cl on the H₂S adsorption equilibrium value and the nature of the adsorption sites at low and high coverages are discussed.

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H₂S Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃–Cl Pt/Al₂O₃–Cl . Cl H₂S, .

     

Determination of diffusion induced concentration profiles in Cr2O3 films on ceramic Al2O3 by Auger sputter depth profiling

Annealing induced interface and bulk effects in thin Cr₂O₃ films on aluminum oxide have been studied. The investigated samples have been prepared by reactive r.f. magnetron sputter deposition of Cr₂O₃ on ceramic Al₂O₃ substrates. Annealing at temperatures up to 1250° C have been carried out in situ under ultra high vacuum. Temperature induced compositional changes have been subsequently determined by AES sputter depth profiling without breaking the vacuum. The non-conducting substrates and the overlap of the Cr-(LMM)- and O-(KLL)-Auger peaks required special analysis parameters and spectra interpretation to obtain the concentration depth profiles of the different elements (Al, O, Cr).     

Sulfuration of Pt/Al2O3, Pt?Re/Al2O3 and Pt?Ir/Al2O3 catalysts

Three reforming catalysts Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ and Pt–Re/Al₂O₃ have been sulfurated by H₂S and tested by their activities in benzene hydrogenation. By treatment at 500°C under hydrogen flow only a part of the initial activity of the non-sulfurated catalyst is retained. So only a part of the adsorbed sulfur is easily removed in these conditions. The remaining sulfur for each of the catalysts (Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ and Pt–Re/Al₂O₃) gives the same atomic ratio of 0.5 sulfur atom per accessible metallic atom.

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Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ Pt–Pe/Al₂O₃ . 500°C H₂ . . ., . (Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ Pt–Pe/Al₂O₃) 0,5.

     

Deactivation of a fixed bed Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalyst during butene-1 dehydrogenation, II. Model predictions

A model has been used to predict the temperature, butene and carbon concentration profiles in a fixed bed reactor during butene-1 dehydrogenation when Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃ is used as a catalyst. Furthermore, the model gives information about the temperature, butene and carbon concentration profiles inside the pellet.     

Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体用于甲烷化学链燃烧：负载量与制备方法的影响

以不同方法制备了系列Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体,采用XRD、H₂-TPR、CH₄-TPR、O₂-TPD和BET等分析技术对氧载体进行了表征。研究了不同Fe₂O₃负载量氧载体的甲烷化学链燃烧性能,考察了不同制备方法对Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体结构、反应性和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,Fe₂O₃负载量对氧载体活性及产物中CO₂选择性的影响较大,负载量较低时氧载体活性较低且引起甲烷部分氧化产物CO含量增加。制备方法亦对氧载体与甲烷的反应活性有所影响,整体上共沉淀法制备的质量分数60％Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体具有较高的氧化活性和化学链循环稳定性。其在反应温度850℃、反应时间15 min、30次循环后甲烷转化率及产物中CO₂选择性均未见明显降低。     

The compound Cr2TiO5 in the system Cr2O3TiO2

The compound Cr₂TiO₅ could be synthesized as a stoichiometric single phase above 1660°C in air. Application of selected area electron diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction studies showed that Cr₂TiO₅ is isomorphous with CrFeTiO₅, with V₃O₅ type structure. It is monoclinic, a = 7.020(1)Å, b = 5.025(1)Å, c = 9.945(2)Å and β = 111.43(2)°. It was found that Cr₂TiO₅ is unstable relative to a mixture of Cr₂O₃ (ss) and a so-called “E” phase, below 1660°C.     

CO oxidation over CuCr/Al2O3 catalysts in presence of SO2

Poisoning of variously prepared CuCr/Al₂O₃ catalysts having different compositions by sulfur dioxide has been studied. Comparative values for a decrease in the catalyst activities have been obtained.

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CO .

     

TiO_2掺杂CuMnCe/Al_2O_3催化剂对甲烷催化燃烧脱氧反应的影响

以掺杂了不同TiO_2含量的Al_2O_3作为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同TiO_2含量的CuMnCe/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂,用BET、H_2-TPR、XRD和XPS表征技术对催化剂物理化学性质进行表征,并考察了催化剂在含甲烷气脱氧反应中的催化性能。结果表明,在载体中添加TiO_2对催化剂活性组分的晶相结构和分散度没有明显影响;但有效改善了Al_2O_3载体抗烧结能力;增加了CuMnCe/Al_2O_3催化剂表面Ce~(3+)/(Ce~(3+)+Ce~(4+))的相对含量,从而提高了活性氧的移动性,且使催化剂表面可氧化还原物种含量和表面吸附氧Osur/(Osur+Olatt)的含量增多。有效改善了催化剂在含甲烷气催化燃烧脱氧上的催化活性。其中,CuMnCe/4%TiO_2-Al_2O_3表现出最优的催化活性,在387℃时可使含甲烷气中氧气的转化率达到100%。     

Surface acidity of the La2O3/Al2O3 system

Surface acidity of aluminium oxide containing 5 wt. % lanthanum oxide has been determined by IR spectroscopy. Strength of Lewis sites of the La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ system was lower than that of pure aluminium oxide. However, the presence of La₂O₃ in aluminium oxide increased the thermostability of these sites in the mixed system.     

Temperature programmed reduction and oxidation of Ir/Al2O3 catalysts

3 % Ir/Al₂O₃ catalysts have been studied by means of temperature programmed reduction and oxidation. With growing degree of metal oxidation (higher T_ox) reducibility of the catalysts at low temperatures decreases.

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3% Ir/Al₂O₃ . ( ) .

     

Investigation of the acidity of Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/SiO2?Al2O3 catalysts

Acidity of Ni-modified alumina and silica-alumina catalysts was determined using n-butylamine titration and pyridine adsorption methods. Strong influence of Ni²⁺ ions on the Brönsted acidity of silicaalumina was observed. Improved Brönsted acidity of such system was confirmed by the results of the test reaction.     

Carbon deposition on meso-porous Al2O3 supported Ni catalysts in methane reforming with CO2

Summary 4-(Trialkylammonio)propansultans (TAAPSs), synthesized by the addition reaction of 1,3-propane sultone (PS) and trialkylamines (TAAs), were developed as new phase transfer catalysts for synthesizing dialkoxymethane. The reaction between alcohol and dibromomethane in a highly alkaline solution of KOH/organic solvent two-phase medium were carried out under phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) using TAAPSs as the catalyst. High conversion of dibromomethane and high selectivity of the product were obtained using TAAPSs as the catalyst.</o:p>     

Structural changes resulting from doping Ti2O3 with Sc2O3 or Al2O3

The crystal structures of (Ti_1?xSc_x)₂O₃, x = 0.0038, 0.0109, and 0.0413, and of (Ti_0.99Al_0.01)₂O₃, have been determined from X-ray diffraction data collected from single crystals using an automated diffractometer, and have been refined to weighted residuals of 25–34. Cell constants have also been determined for x = 0.0005, 0.0019, and 0.0232. The compounds are rhombohedral, space group $\text{R}\text{3}\text{c}$, and are isomorphous with α-Al₂O₃. The hexagonal cell dimensions range from a = 5.1573(2)Å, c = 13.613(1)Å for (Ti_0.9995Sc_0.0005)₂O₃ to a = 5.1659(4)Å, c = 13.644(1)Å for (Ti_0.9587Sc_0.0413)₂O₃, and a = 5.1526(2)Å, c = 13.609(1)Å for (Ti_0.99Al_0.01)₂O₃. Sc and Al substitution cause similar increases in the short near-neighbor metal-metal distance across the shared octahedral face; for Sc doping the increase is from 2.578(1) Å in pure Ti₂O₃ to 2.597(1) Å in (Ti_0.9587Sc_0.0413)₂O₃. By contrast, changes in the metal-metal distance across the shared octahedral edge appear to be governed by ionic size effects. The distance increases from 2.994(1) Å in Ti₂O₃ to 3.000(1) Å in (Ti_0.9587Sc_0.0413)₂O₃ and decreases to 2.991(1) Å in (Ti_0.99Al_0.01)₂O₃.