电致化学发光生物检测技术的新进展

电致化学发光作为一种分析技术,不仅可用于化学分析,而且正在被越来越多地用于生物检测和传感技术中。随着该分析技术与免疫检测技术生化固定化技术和微细加工技术等的相互融合,电致化学发光生物检测技术具有了更高的精度、分辨率和更广的应用范围。     

原位被动采样技术*

本文介绍了近些年来环境监测中三种新的原位被动采样技术-透析装置（Dialysis peepers）法、薄膜扩散平衡 (DET) 技术和薄膜扩散梯度 (DGT) 技术。综述了三种技术的原理、装置和特点。着重论述了三种技术在环境中的应用研究,包括透析装置以及DET 技术和DGT联用技术测量水体和沉积物孔隙水中可溶性金属的浓度;DGT技术可以作为一种预测重金属生物可利用性的新方法。DGT技术与其他技术（如DET、高离子选择电极、配体交换法、HPLC-ICP-MS等）联用可以更好地测量环境中重金属的形态。最后展望了原位被动采样技术未来的发展。     

常见光谱技术在植物油品质检测中的应用

植物油品质检测技术中,以光谱技术为代表的更为简单方便、快速而不失准确性的无损检测技术为市场所需要。该文从植物油组成成分、市场售卖植物油掺假现状两方面对植物油的品质相关指标进行了介绍,着重介绍了红外光谱技术、拉曼光谱技术、荧光光谱技术、紫外光谱技术等不同光谱技术在植物油品质检测中的研究进展和应用现状,最后提出了光谱技术在植物油品质检测发展中的瓶颈,并对光谱技术在植物油品质检测中应用前景进行了展望。     

膜片钳在生命化学中的应用*

作为先进的电生理技术,膜片钳在生命科学研究中巳成为一种愈来愈重要的技术,特别是膜片钳与其它生化技术例如Fura-2显微荧光测钙技术,单细胞逆转录多聚酶链式反应技术等的有机结合,使其应用更加广泛。本文简要叙述了膜片钳的基本原理、常用技术及其在生命化学中的应用。     

色谱分析中的串联技术

样品中物质信息的获取离不开分离和检测,对于复杂样品的分析,简单的一维色谱方法常常难以完成所有组分的分离和鉴定。为此,多种色谱串联技术引起了人们的广泛关注。色谱串联技术包括柱串联技术、检测器串联技术、多维色谱等。该文详细介绍了以上3种串联技术（不包括色谱-质谱联用技术）自2010年以来的最新研究进展,以及这些技术在获取样品中更加全面和精准的信息方面的典型应用。最后对色谱串联分析技术的发展进行了总结和展望。     

分析仪器行业近20年技术发展趋势

近20年来,微电子技术、计算机技术、精密机械技术、薄膜技术、网络技术、纳米技术、激光技术和生物技术等高新技术得到了迅猛发展,使分析仪器技术领域发生了根本性的变革,正朝着微型化、智能化、自动化和网络化方向迅速迈进。     

构建基于设计的化工技术内容教学模式——以“接触室”教学为例

分析了化学课程中化工技术内容的教学价值,发现此类内容不仅是学生获取技术知识的载体,同时也是掌握技术方法、形成技术观念的载体。为更好地发挥化工技术内容的教学价值,构建了基于设计的教学模式。     

宽带测试将成为重点发展的技术

在通信和因特网领域，宽带测试技术将成为热点技术。业界人士公认的宽带是能将高速因特网的多媒体业务提供给用户的接人技术，宽带还包括配置高速、宽带局域网、广域网的技术、服务提供商提供的宽带互联骨干网技术等。     

应用互动反馈技术优化化学课堂教学

利用互动反馈技术可以取得即时而全面的课堂反馈信息。介绍了互动反馈技术的定义、工作原理;阐述了基于互动反馈技术的化学教学策略;应用互动反馈技术有利于强化协同效应,有利于优化课堂反馈测查;分析了化学课堂教学中运用互动反馈技术的优势。互动反馈技术在化学课堂中的应用有较大的前景。     

光催化降解水中有机污染物研究现状与展望

光催化技术是一种新兴、高效、节能、现代污水处理技术。从半导体光催化技术研究现状、反应机理、常见有机污染物光催化降解的现状、提高半导体光催化剂活性的途径、光催化技术发展中存在问题等方面对半导体光催化技术加以综述和讨论。目前不论从光催化技术、光催化的基础研究以及光催化应用研究方面都需进行大量的、深入研究工作。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.